scholarly journals Kupffer Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Friend or Foe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2367-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Xiaoyi Deng ◽  
Yongjian Liu ◽  
Qiuhua Tan ◽  
Guidong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Effect of Microbiome on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Biogenics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8008
Author(s):  
Mayumi Nagashimada ◽  
Masao Honda
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis. Liver-resident (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation in various tissues by modulating macrophage polarization, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Abnormalities in the intestinal environment, such as the gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune system, are also involved in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. Hepatic macrophage activation is induced by the permeation of antigens, endotoxins, and other proinflammatory substances into the bloodstream as a result of increased intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the gut–liver axis in influencing macrophage activity, which is central to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Not only probiotics but also biogenics (heat-killed lactic acid bacteria) are effective in ameliorating the progression of NASH. Here we review the effect of hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells, other immune cells, intestinal permeability, and immunity on NAFLD and NASH and the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenesis on those diseases.

Vitamin D levels are not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity in a Brazilian population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jeniffer Danielle M. Dutra ◽  
Quelson Coelho Lisboa ◽  
Silvia Marinho Ferolla ◽  
Carolina Martinelli M. L. Carvalho ◽  
Camila Costa M. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract. Some epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequency and vitamin D levels. Likewise, a beneficial effect of vitamin D on diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance has been observed, but this is an unsolved issue. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a NAFLD Brazilian population and its association with disease severity and presence of comorbidities. In a cross-sectional study, the clinical, biochemical and histological parameters of 139 NAFLD patients were evaluated according to two different cut-off points of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (20 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL). The mean age of the population was 56 ± 16 years, most patients were female (83%), 72% had hypertension, 88% dyslipidemia, 46% DM, 98% central obesity, and 82% metabolic syndrome. Serum vitamin D levels were < 30 ng/mL in 78% of the patients, and < 20 ng/mL in 35%. The mean vitamin D level was 24.3 ± 6.8 ng/mL. The comparison between the clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics of the patients according to the levels of vitamin D showed no significant difference. Most patients with NAFLD had hypovitaminosis D, but low vitamin D levels were not related to disease severity and the presence of comorbidities.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children and its Relationship with Retinol Serum Levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suano de Souza ◽  
Silverio Amancio ◽  
Saccardo Sarni ◽  
Sacchi Pitta ◽  
Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the retinol serum levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children. To relate these biochemical variables with the risk of this disease in the population studied. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and prospective, with 46 overweight/obese school children (28 female, 18 male; mean age 8.6 years). The control group consisted of 45 children, paired by age and gender. Hepatic steatosis, evaluated by ultrasound, was classified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. Also evaluated were serum retinol levels; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; lipid profile; and fasting glucose and serum insulin levels, used for the calculation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment. Results: Hepatic ultrasound alterations were found in 56.5% and 48,9% of the overweight/obese and control group children, respectively. Presence of obesity was associated with high levels of triglycerides (OR = 4.6; P = 0.002). In the studied children, the risk of steatosis was related to a trend to a higher percentage of retinol inadequacy (OR = 2.8; p = 0.051); there was no association with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid profile, or insulin resistance. Conclusions: The high frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both groups, evaluated by hepatic ultrasound, in low-socioeconomic level children, independent of nutritional condition and without significant association with insulin resistance, emphasizes that especially in developing countries, other risk factors such as micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin A) are involved.

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