scholarly journals Paul Krugman's Geographical Economics and Its Implications for Regional Development Theory: A Critical Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 5-35
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Development Theory

scholarly journals A economia geográfica de Paul Krugman e suas consequências para a teoria do desenvolvimento regional: uma avaliação crítica/ PauL Krugman’s Geographical economics and its implications for regional development theor: a critical assessment

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-35
Author(s):  
Ron Martin, Peter Sunley
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Location Theory ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Industrial Geography ◽  
Technological Externalities

RESUMOOs economistas, ao que parece, estão descobrindo a geografia. Ao longo da última década, surgiram uma "nova teoria do comércio" e uma "nova economia da vantagem concorrencial" que, entre outras coisas, atribuem uma importância fundamental ao papel que a geografia interna de uma nação pode desempenhar na determinação do desempenho comercial das indústrias dessa nação. O trabalho de Paul Krugman, em particular, tem sido muito influente na promoção desta visão. De acordo com Krugman, num mundo de concorrência imperfeita, o comércio internacional é impulsionado tanto pelos rendimentos crescentes e pelas economias externas, como pela vantagem comparativa. Além disso, essas economias externas são mais propensas a serem realizadas na escala local e regional do que no nível nacional ou internacional. Para entender o comércio, portanto, Krugman argumenta que é necessário entender os processos que conduzem à concentração de produção local e regional. Para este fim, ele se baseia em uma variedade de ideias geográficas, que vão desde as economias de aglomeração Marshallianas, passando pela teoria tradicional da localização, até as noções de causalidade cumulativa e especialização regional. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é fornecer uma avaliação crítica da "economia geográfica" de Krugman e suas implicações para a geografia econômica contemporânea. Seu trabalho levanta algumas questões importantes para a teoria do desenvolvimento regional em geral e para a nova geografia industrial em particular. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, sua teoria também possui limitações significativas. Argumentamos que, embora uma troca de ideias entre sua teoria e o trabalho recente na geografia industrial sejam mutuamente benéficas, ambas as abordagens são limitadas pelo tratamento que dão às externalidades tecnológicas e pelo legado da economia neoclássica ortodoxa.ABSTRACT Economists, it seems, are discovering geography. Over the past decade, a "new trade theory" and "new economics of competitive advantage" have emerged which, among other things, assign a key importance to the role that the internal geography of a nation may play in determining the trading performance of that nation's industries. Paul Krugman's work, in particular, has been very influential in promoting this view. According to Krugman, in a world of imperfect competition, international trade is driven as much by increasing returns and external economies as by comparative advantage. Furthermore, these external economies are more likely to be realized at the local and regional scale than at the national or international level. To understand trade, therefore, Krugman argues that it is necessary to understand the processes leading to the local and regional concentration of production. To this end he draws on a range of geographical ideas, from Marshallian agglomeration economies, through traditional location theory, to notions of cumulative causation and regional specialization. Our purpose in this paper is to provide a critical assessment of Krugman's "geographical economics" and its implications for contemporary economic geography. His work raises some significant issues for regional development theory in general and the new industrial geography in particular. But at the same time his theory also has significant limitations. We argue that while an exchange of ideas between his theory and recent work in industrial geography would be mutually beneficial, both approaches are limited by their treatment of technological externalities and the legacy of orthodox neoclassical economics. KEY WORDS: Krugman, trade, external economies, regional industrial concentration, regional industrial policy.  

Statistical Parables

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Paul Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
New Development ◽  
The University

In the early 1960s, the agricultural economist Theodore W. Schultz issued a critical assessment of the prevailing tenets of development economics in Transforming Traditional Agriculture. Aimed at educated bureaucrats rather than academic economists, he proposed no new development theories. Instead, he drew inferences from statistics in case studies to argue that no special economic theory was required in the development space. He packaged these studies as statistical parables to provoke skepticism of development theory among those involved in direct technical assistance in developing countries. Drawing partly on their long experience with US and Soviet agricultural modernization, Schultz and members of his agricultural economics group at the University of Chicago used suggestive empirical evidence to stress the importance of investment in human capital in economic growth. By appealing to government administrators in both the United States and developing countries, Schultz helped shift development policies toward state-supported technical assistance, public education, and market-oriented policies for the agricultural sectors in the global South.

UNDERSTANDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND SMEs IN EMERGING HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES: THE CASE OF OPTO-ELECTRONICS

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS HENDRY ◽  
JAMES BROWN ◽  
ROBERT DEFILLIPPI
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Technology Industries ◽  
Industry Life Cycles ◽  
High Technology Industries ◽  
Centres Of Expertise

It has long been recognised that the innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities of the small medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector can make an important contribution to the commercialisation of emerging technologies. In their role as centres of expertise and originators of new technical knowledge, universities are vital contributors to this process. Understanding the nature of relationships between universities and SMEs is therefore important, particularly in view of the fact that current theories on regional development suggest that concentrations of SMEs in certain regions, clustered around one or more university centres, can be effective locations for accelerating this process. As a counter to regional development theory, an alternative viewpoint is that the way emerging industries develop is affected more by the dynamics of industry life-cycles. The opto-electronics sector, which is characterised by regional clusters in the UK and USA, offers lessons for how SMEs and universities interact against a backdrop of these theories.

scholarly journals Review of the Volume ”Dezvoltarea regională. Teorie și practică” [Regional Development. Theory and Practice], Author: Daniela Antonescu, Lumen Publishing House, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Felix Angel POPESCU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Regional Development Policies ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
National Governments

Regional development is a field of research and a discipline of study that transcends several fields of social sciences, and can be studied by students in the fields of administrative, political, economic, social and humanistic sciences and others that include this subject in the curriculum. Regional development is also an attribute of public administration in all Member States of the European Union, as well as outside Europe, with ministries dedicated to implementing balanced regional development policies. Therefore, the book written by the author Daniela Antonescu, “Dezvoltarea regională. Teorie și practică” [Regional development. theory and practice], published by Lumen Publishing House in Iași, Romania, in 2019, who I consider a great specialist in this field (as she is the organizer of a conference on this topic, that attracts specialists from Romania and abroad), addresses a broad public of readers: both researchers and teachers concerned with development issues, as well as civil servants, members of national governments or parliaments, MEPs, members of other international fora, concerned with regional development, which includes not only the region as a territory but also subdivisions at local level: county, municipality / city, commune, village, on a case-by-case basis.

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