scholarly journals Quasisymmetric functions from a topological point of view

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Baker ◽  
Birgit Richter
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Symmetric Functions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Classifying Space ◽  
Quasisymmetric Functions ◽  
Witt Vector ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Vector Structure ◽  
Topological Hochschild Homology ◽  
Shed Light

It is well-known that the homology of the classifying space of the unitary group is isomorphic to the ring of symmetric functions $\mathsf {Symm}$. We offer the cohomology of the space $\Omega \Sigma {\mathsf C} P^{\infty}$ as a topological model for the ring of quasisymmetric functions $\mathsf {QSymm}$. We exploit standard results from topology to shed light on some of the algebraic properties of $\mathsf {QSymm}$. In particular, we reprove the Ditters conjecture. We investigate a product on $\Omega \Sigma {\mathsf C} P^{\infty}$ that gives rise to an algebraic structure which generalizes the Witt vector structure in the cohomology of $BU$. The canonical Thom spectrum over $\Omega \Sigma {\mathsf C} P^{\infty}$ is highly non-commutative and we study some of its features, including the homology of its topological Hochschild homology spectrum.

Unique decomposition of homogeneous languages and application to isothetic regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-730
Author(s):  
EMMANUEL HAUCOURT ◽  
NICOLAS NININ
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Geometric Realization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Boolean Algebras ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Prime Decomposition ◽  
Unique Decomposition ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Factoring Algorithm

A language is said to be homogeneous when all its words have the same length. Homogeneous languages thus form a monoid under concatenation. It becomes freely commutative under the simultaneous actions of every permutation group on the collection of homogeneous languages of length n ∈ ℕ. One recovers the isothetic regions from (Haucourt 2017, to appear (online since October 2017)) by considering the alphabet of connected subsets of the space |G|, viz the geometric realization of a finite graph G. Factoring the geometric model of a conservative program amounts to parallelize it, and there exists an efficient factoring algorithm for isothetic regions. Yet, from the theoretical point of view, one wishes to go beyond the class of conservative programs, which implies relaxing the finiteness hypothesis on the graph G. Provided that the collections of n-dimensional isothetic regions over G (denoted by |G|) are co-unital distributive lattices, the prime decomposition of isothetic regions is given by an algorithm which is, unfortunately, very inefficient. Nevertheless, if the collections |G| satisfy the stronger property of being Boolean algebras, then the efficient factoring algorithm is available again. We relate the algebraic properties of the collections |G| to the geometric properties of the space |G|. On the way, the algebraic structure |G| is proven to be the universal tensor product, in the category of semilattices with zero, of n copies of the algebraic structure |G|.

scholarly journals Gastronomy unravelled by physics: Gastrophysics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Thorborg Pedersen ◽  
Per Lyngs Hansen ◽  
Mathias Porsmose Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

Useful attempts to shed light on the nature of gastronomy from a scientific point of view and to unravel the crucial connection between food, eating and well-being are currently underrepresented in the scientific literature. However, several scientific disciplines ranging from the natural to the social sciences offer valuable new perspectives on gastronomy. As one of the key disciplines in natural science, physics offers original and rigorous perspectives on all processes and structures constrained by the laws of nature. The emerging discipline called gastrophysics employs the full range of concepts, techniques and methods from physics to generate useful scientific input to the complex and holistic reflections on gastronomy. Relying on a review of the existing literature, this article illustrates how a science-based gastrophysics emerges, to a large extent from the convoluted history of food science as well as from various recent – and often overlapping – attempts to combine modern scientific methodology to questions from gastronomy. However, the present review also insists on a physics-inspired methodology to handle scale and complexity in food preparation and consumption across length scales from sub-molecular to entire foods. We exemplify how gastrophysics directly helps to develop gastronomy and how it adds to current approaches in traditional food science. We also suggest that gastrophysics may prove relevant in the context of the ongoing food transformation, which focuses strongly on sustainability, but where the importance of gastronomic aspects in this transformation is greatly needed.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Concept and Evolution of the Guardstone and Its Architectural Visualization of the Contemporary Religious and Cultural Diversities

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sasni Amarasekara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Specific Study ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Evolutionary Point ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Academic Study

<p>This specific study deals with a unique piece of Buddhist architecture, the Guardstone found almost in every part of ancient kingdoms in Sri Lanka spanning from Anuradhapura to Kandy period significantly. The Guardstone is an excellent piece of structure placed on either side of the first step of the flight of stairs at the entrance of ancient religious buildings or palaces in Sri Lanka. The origin of this architectural masterpiece is still to determine. Nevertheless, it is widely accepted in an evolutionary point of view that the guardstone has passed through several developmental stages from a simple slab to a highly sophisticated artifact in its dimensions, complexity and artistry. The numerous inclusions as well as exclusions from time to time to this artifact still remain uncertain as to whether they were due to secular or ecclesiastical reasons or simply due to the creators own culture influenced imagination. This study will peruse all the possible evidence that are available architecturally and to develop a logical reasoning for any identifiable characteristic and to elucidate with reasonable legitimacy as to how and why such a character is present or absent in a particular guardstone. This study in no way has any intention of rejecting or amending any proposition available at present but will pursue its best to shed light only on the attributes of a guardstone and to concentrate on the diversities of this beautiful monastic artifact that deserves serious academic study and meticulous aesthetic evaluation.</p>

scholarly journals Colored Trees and Noncommutative Symmetric Functions

10.37236/468 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Szczesny
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Algebra ◽  
Symmetric Functions ◽  
Hall Algebra ◽  
Quasisymmetric Functions ◽  
Noncommutative Symmetric Functions

Let ${\cal CRF}_S$ denote the category of $S$-colored rooted forests, and H$_{{\cal CRF}_S}$ denote its Ringel-Hall algebra as introduced by Kremnizer and Szczesny. We construct a homomorphism from a $K^+_0({\cal CRF}_S)$–graded version of the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions to H$_{{\cal CRF}_S}$. Dualizing, we obtain a homomorphism from the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra to a $K^+_0({\cal CRF}_S)$–graded version of the algebra of quasisymmetric functions. This homomorphism is a refinement of one considered by W. Zhao.

scholarly journals Antipode Formulas for some Combinatorial Hopf Algebras

10.37236/5949 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Patrias
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Algebra ◽  
Hopf Algebras ◽  
Symmetric Functions ◽  
Explicit Formulas ◽  
Quasisymmetric Functions ◽  
Noncommutative Symmetric Functions ◽  
Combinatorial Hopf Algebras ◽  
Combinatorial Formulas ◽  
K Theory

Motivated by work of Buch on set-valued tableaux in relation to the K-theory of the Grassmannian, Lam and Pylyavskyy studied six combinatorial Hopf algebras that can be thought of as K-theoretic analogues of the Hopf algebras of symmetric functions, quasisymmetric functions, noncommutative symmetric functions, and of the Malvenuto-Reutenauer Hopf algebra of permutations. They described the bialgebra structure in all cases that were not yet known but left open the question of finding explicit formulas for the antipode maps. We give combinatorial formulas for the antipode map for the K-theoretic analogues of the symmetric functions, quasisymmetric functions, and noncommutative symmetric functions.

scholarly journals Viroporin activity of SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a and Envelope protein impacts viral pathogenicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Sarkar ◽  
Paul Etheimer ◽  
Soham Saha
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Ionic Imbalance ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Structural Point

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which has affected nearly 220 million people worldwide and death toll close to 5 million as of present day. The approved vaccines are lifesaving yet temporary solutions to such a devastating pandemic. Viroporins are important players of the viral life cycle of SARS-Cov-2 and one of the primary determinants of its pathogenesis. We studied the two prominent viroporins of SARS-CoV-2 (i) Orf3a and (ii) Envelope (E) protein from a structural point of view. Orf3a has several hotspots of mutations which has been reported in SARS-CoV-2 with respect to SARS-CoV-1. Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a channel forming residues enhances the formation of a prominent the inter-subunit channel, which was not present in the SARS-CoV-1 Orf3a. This enhanced structural feature can be correlated with higher channelling activity in SARS-CoV-2 than in SARS-CoV-1. On the other hand, E protein is one of the most conserved protein among the SARS-CoV proteome. We found that the water molecules form networks of electrostatic interactions with the polar residues in the E protein putative wetted condition while no water channel formation was observed in the putative dewetted condition. This aqueous medium mediates the non-selective translocation of cations thus affecting the ionic homeostasis of the host cellular compartments. This ionic imbalance leads to increased inflammatory response in the host cell. Our results shed light into the mechanism of viroporin action, which can be leveraged for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Furthermore, our results corroborate with previously published transcriptomic data from COVID-19 infected lung alveolar cells where inflammatory responses and molecular regulators directly impacted by ion channelling were upregulated. These observations overlap with transcript upregulation observed in diseases having acute lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

The International Space Station

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-113
Author(s):  
Sarah Katharina Germann
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Space ◽  
Space Law ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Shed Light

The International Space Station is certainly one of the most astounding achievements of humankind in space. Especially from a legal point of view, the creation of the Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) and its sub-instruments specifically for the ISS was a major success: the IGA was the first grand-scale multi-national legally binding space-related treaty drafted, ratified, and implemented by the major space faring nations since the drafting of the five UN Space Treaties roughly 20 years before. And still today, the legal framework of the ISS is a stand-alone legal system which can serve as model for other missions, as it refines and develops in an innovative way the rules laid out in the five UN Space Treaties and at the same time manages to coordinate and organize management, utilization, and financing between all the partners. This chapter intends to shed light on the complex legal system governing the ISS and to point out the novelties of the IGA-Structure in comparison with the conventional body of international space law.

scholarly journals Fighting with the Lernean Hydra: Greek Humanitarian Crisis Enters Worst-Case Scenario. Comment on: Joseph, L.; Ismail, S.A.; Gunst, M.; Jarman, K.; Prior, D.; Harris, M.; Abbara, A. A Qualitative Research Study Which Explores Humanitarian Stakeholders’ Views on Healthcare Access for Refugees in Greece. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6972

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8253
Author(s):  
Ourania S. Kotsiou ◽  
Panagiotis Kotsios ◽  
Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis ◽  
Vaios Kotsios
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Shed Light

Liz Joseph and collaborators shed light upon the real challenges of securing health during the Greek humanitarian crisis from the point of view of the key stakeholders in healthcare access, reflecting the need to reform a range of different contexts and types of humanitarian response [...]

French adverbial cleft sentences

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 86-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
The Status ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Discourse Frequency ◽  
General Semantic ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Special Category

Abstract The goal of this contribution is to deepen our knowledge of French cleft sentences through the study of a special category of clefts called adverbial clefts. The issues that we will address concern their form, discourse frequency and boundaries with resembling structures. In order to shed light on these issues, we start by defining the concept of adverbial from a morphosyntactic and functional point of view. We then present a corpus-based description of the categories of adverbials that can be cleaved. Finally, we propose a general semantic principle capable of describing and explaining, in a coherent and unitary way, both the data obtained in our empirical study and found in the form of constructed examples in the existing literature. In addition to explaining why certain adverbials can be cleaved while others cannot, this principle also allows for a distinction to be made between two syntactic realizations of the structure ‘c’est Adv que p’, as well as for a solution to the controversial issue of the status of domain adverbials.

scholarly journals Las voces narrativas en la obra documental agraria de José Neches

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Ana Melendo Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Perspective ◽  
The Many ◽  
Narrative Voices ◽  
Shed Light

La aproximación a la obra documental de José Neches resulta decisiva en la comprensión del documental rural en España, no solo desde un punto de vista histórico, sino también desde una perspectiva plástica. El carácter pedagógico que los define necesita del uso de algunos artificios narrativos que posibiliten el pacto de verosimilitud entre el emisor y el receptor que anima a todo texto documental. Por eso, este trabajo quiere ocuparse de la lectura narratológica de las diferentes voces narrativas, que irrumpen en la filmografía nechesiana, para arrojar luz sobre las distintas funciones que en estos textos desempeñan. The approximation to the agrarian documentary work of José Neches is decisive for the comprehension of the rural documentary in Spain, not only from a historical point of view but, also, from a visual perspective. The pedagogical character which defines his work uses some narrative tools that make possible the verisimilitude deal between the sender and the receiver which enlivens every documentary text. Therefore, this work aims to address the narratological lecture of the different narrative voices that burst into Neches’ filmography to shed light on the many functions this texts carry.

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