scholarly journals The effect of nanoparticles of biogenic metal oxides on seed germination capability, photosynthetic pigment content, activities of PS II and superoxide dismutase in wheat seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
F. I. Gasimova ◽  
M. A. Khanishova ◽  
K. R. Taghiyeva ◽  
I. V. Azizov
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Aim. The effect of nanoparticles of copper, titanium, iron and aluminum oxides on the germination energy, germination capability, growth and development, the content of photosynthetic pigments, the activity of photosystems and superoxide dismutase of wheat seedlings was studied. Methods. The objects of the research were bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) seedlings. The seeds of the experimental plants were treated with powders of nanoparticles of СuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, Al2O3, and TiO2, then sown in Petri dishes and in the pots with soil. Results. Nanoparticles were found to express various effects: СuO, and Al2O3 decreased the growth of seedlings, whereas TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 accelerating the growth of seedlings had a positive effect on the activities of PSII and superoxide dismutase. Conclusions. Nanoparticles of TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 had a positive effect on seed germination and accelerated the growth of wheat seedlings. Nanoparticles of ZnO and Fe2O3 also positively influenced on the activity of PS II, and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase also increased. Keywords: wheat, nanoparticles, germination, growth of seedlings, PS II, superoxide dismutase.

scholarly journals Alleviation of nickel toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings by selenium supplementation

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Daniel Drobik ◽  
Marzena Wielanek ◽  
Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko ◽  
Jarosław Gocławski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Abstract Hydroponically grown wheat seedlings were treated with 50 μM N i and/or 15 μM Se. After a 7-day culture period, their growth parameters, N i, Se, F e, and M g contents, electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and photochemical activity of photosystem II were determined. Exposure of wheat seedlings to N i alone resulted in reduction in the total shoot and root lengths, by 22% and 50%, respectively. Addition of Se to the N i-containing medium significantly improved the growth of these organs, compared to the seedlings subjected to N i alone. Application of Se decreased the accumulation of N i in shoots and roots and partially alleviated the N i-induced decrease in F e and M g concentations in shoots. Electrolyte leakage increased in response to N i stress, but in shoots it was diminished by Se supplementation. Exposure to N i led to a decrease in chlorophyll a and b contents and enhancement of chlorophyll a/b ratio, but did not influence the concentration of carotenoids. Enrichment of the N i-containing medium with Se significantly increased chlorophyll b content, compared to the seedlings treated with N i alone. Photochemical activity, estimated in terms of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II , decreased in response to N i treatment but was significantly improved by simultaneous addition of Se. Results of our study suggest that alleviation of N i toxicity in wheat seedlings by Se supplementation may be related to limitation of N i uptake.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of microalgae on winter wheat plants

Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
P.M. Tsarenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Zaimenko ◽  
N.P. Didyk ◽  
B.O. Ivanytska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of the study of the allelopathic activity of the culture medium of two species of green and charophyte microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer. and Interfillum terricola (J.B.Petersen) Mikhailyuk et al.) to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in model pot experiments with the aim to discover of physiological mechanisms of allelopathy and finding effective and safe compounds with growth-promoting effects. The microalgae culture medium was applied in a rate of 1; 3 and 10 mL per a pot (250 mL) filled with sifted and sterilized gray podzolic soil, before sowing wheat seeds. Test plants were grown in a phytochamber under controlled conditions of light intensity, temperature and soil moisture. The number of germinated seeds was recorded from the 2nd to the 8th day after sowing. The vitality of winter wheat was evaluated at the end of the experiments using morphometric characteristics of growth (height of aboveground parts, leaf surface area, length of root system, number of lateral roots; dry matter mass of aboveground parts and roots) and content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves. At the end of the experiment, the indicators of electrical conductivity, redox potential, pH and content of nutrients in the soil were determined. The positive effect of microalgae on seed germination, growth and photosynthetic apparatus of T. aestivum plants was established. Culture medium of C. vulgaris showed a higher stimulating effect on seed germination and growth of wheat seedlings than I. terricola. The positive effect of microalgae on the photosynthetic activity of wheat and the content of organic carbon in the soil indicates the possibility of developing of biofertilizers based on them in order to improve the structural and functional organization of agroecosystems. The obtained results confirmed the prospects of C. vulgaris as a biofertilizer in crops. The allelopathic effect of I. terricola on vascular plants has been studied for the first time. The important role of indirect allelopathic mechanisms in the interactions between the studied species of microalgae and vascular plants has been established.

Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on the freezing tolerance of Norstar winter wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
B. J. O'Connor ◽  
G. L. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

To increase the probability of winter survival, it is recommended that winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) be sown into standing stubble from a previous crop, which acts to trap an insulating layer of snow. Therefore, to replenish nutrients used by the previous crop and to obtain optimum yields of winter wheat, these soils have to be fertilized with N and P. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of N and P, alone and in combination, on the freezing tolerance of Norstar winter-wheat seedlings in the fall and in early spring and during storage at −4 °C throughout the winter months. None of the fertilizer treatments had an effect on the freezing tolerance of the seedlings in late fall, however, P in combination with N decreased freezing tolerance in March and April, with the effects being more pronounced at high rates of P. Seedlings sampled from the field in early May were similar in freezing tolerance, irrespective of the level of fall-applied N and P. Both shoot and root growth of seedlings collected in the spring were enhanced by P fertilization in combination with N. Fall-applied P increased the level of tissue N and P, while applications of N increased the level of tissue N of seedlings sampled in late fall. Key words: Winter wheat, nitrogen, phosphorous, freezing tolerance

scholarly journals Development of SPAD value-based linear models for non-destructive estimation of photosynthetic pigments in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
R. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Chlorophyll content in leaf which can be measured and expressed as SPAD values, is a good indicator of plant health. The present study aimed to develop linear models for studying relationship between SPAD values and spectrophotometrically determined chlorophylls and carotenoid contents in leaves of 468 wheat genotypes. The SPAD values were taken in the flag leaves at heading stage. Chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (total Chl) and total carotenoids (total Car) contents were assessed using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction method. To estimate photosynthetic pigment content in leaves, SPAD value-based linear models were developed and Chla (Chlb = 0.0690 x SPAD Value - 1.082), Chla (Chlb = 0.021 x SPAD Value 0.396), total Chl (Total chlorophyll = 0.090 x SPAD Value - 1.477) and total carotenoids (Total Carotenoids = 0.013 x SPAD Value 0.074) were estimated. The present study reports development of linear model for quantification of the photosynthetic pigment content in wheat leaves using chlorophyll meter.

scholarly journals PROTECTION WITH A BIOACTIVE COMPOSITION BASED ON PLUMBAGIN (CERATOSTIGMA PLUMBAGINOIDES BUNGE) AND NA-ASCORBATE PIGMENTS AND PSII IN OXIDATIVE STRESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
R. Ganiyeva ◽  
S. Dadashova ◽  
J. Jafarova ◽  
R. Gasanov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Delayed Fluorescence ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Sequential Action ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Acceptor Side ◽  
Corrective Effect

The protective properties of Na-ascorbate and a bioactive composition (BAC) obtained on the basis of plumbagin from roots (Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Bunge) under the toxic effect of Zn2+ and Ni2+ on wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. The change in the characteristics of millisecond delayed fluorescence (msec DF Chl a) reflecting the state of PS II shows a decrease in the blocking of the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) on the acceptor side under the action of Zn2+ and Ni2+ and on the donor side under the action of Ni2+. The resistance of Chl b 650 decreases and the resistance of carotenoids to this stress increases. The action of Na-asс and BAC changes the ratio of pigments. Na-asc restores the activity of the donor side and increases the work of the acceptor side of the ETC upon sequential action with Zn2+. The activity of the acceptor side of the ETC is restored with the simultaneous action of Na-asc with Ni2+. The effect of the BAC is manifested in the restoration of the activity of the donor side of the ETC PS II with sequential action with metals. The corrective effect of Na-asc and LHC is determined by their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species formed under stress and to support the redox reactions of photosystems.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

Cereals frost resistance correlates with an integral indicators of content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
O. I. Horielova ◽  
◽  
N. I. Ryabchun ◽  
M. A. Shkliarevskyi ◽  
A. M. Reznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Adult Plants

Along with specific adaptive reactions, universal defense reactions, in particular activation of antioxidant system, are of great importance for plant survival under cold conditions. We have studied a relationship among the content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds with antioxidant properties (proline, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) in seedlings of winter wheat, rye and triticale, and frost resistance of etiolated seedlings and adult plants at tillering stage. It was found that there was a fairly close correlation between the frost resistance of seedlings and adult cereal plants (r = 0,78). It was shown that a pronounced relationship between individual indicators of antioxidant system functioning in unhardened seedlings and their frost resistance was not found. After 6-day hardening of seedlings at 2-4°C, there was a high correlation between the total indicator of the enzymatic antioxidant system (the sum of normalized indicators of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity) and their frost resistance (r = 0,86), but the correlation coefficient of this index with frost resistance of plants in tillering phase was significantly lower (r = 0,47). At the same time, a high correlation was found between the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings and frost resistance of tillering adult plants (r = 0.89). The closest correlation was observed between the integral normalized indicator, comprising the sum of normalized values of antioxidant enzymes activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings, and frost resistance of seedlings (r = 0,94) and plants in tillering phase (r = 0,89). A presence of specific features in the functioning of antioxidant system during cold adaptation of cereal seedlings was established. Rye is characterized by a high content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds; at the same time, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase - was noted in wheat seedlings. In triticale, depending on the genotype, the values of both enzymatic antioxidant activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors varied.

Effects of salinity stress on seed germination and root growth of seedlings in island cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Qing-Qing YAN ◽  
Ju-Song ZHANG ◽  
Xing-Xing LI ◽  
Yan-Ti WANG
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings
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