scholarly journals Male sterility in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) induced with new gametocidal agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
O. V. Bilynska ◽  
V. S. Lyutenko ◽  
P. G. Dulniev ◽  
V. P. Bezpartochna
Keyword(s):  
Bioorganic Chemistry ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stock Solutions

Aim. Evaluation of the new gametocidal agents effect on pollen sterility and viability of female gamethophyte in sunflower was the main goal ofthe investigation. Methods. Sunflower florets were treated with nine newly synthesided in the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine chemicals in concentrations ranged from 1.0 ml/l to 15.0 ml/l of stock solutions. Gibberellic acid (50 mg/l) was used as a control. The gametocidal effect on the pollen sterility was determined using seed-set after gametocide treatment and controlled self-pollination compared to untreated florets. Influence of gameticides on the female gametophyte viability was evaluated as seed-set after free cross-pollination. Results. It was revealed that DGK-2 and DGK-3 have a high gametocidal activity even at the lowest dose – 1 ml/l. DSK-10 appeared to be the most effective one at a dose of 5 ml/l. This treatment allowed us to achieve near-complete male sterility. Negative effect of gametocides on the female gametophyte was enhanced with increase in their concentrations. However, new gametocides had less negative effect compared to gibberellin in certain experimental variants. Conclusions. DGK-2, DGK-3 and DSK-10 are promising for further investigations on the chemical demasculation in sunflower for further hybridization on the fertile basis without mechanical anther removal. Keywords: sunflower, (Helianthus annuus L.), induced pollen sterility, gamitocidal agents, gibberellin, seed-set.

scholarly journals Organization Features of the Mitochondrial Genome of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with ANN2-Type Male-Sterile Cytoplasm

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim S. Makarenko ◽  
Alexander V. Usatov ◽  
Tatiana V. Tatarinova ◽  
Kirill V. Azarin ◽  
Maria D. Logacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Sunflower Line

This study provides insights into the flexibility of the mitochondrial genome in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as well as into the causes of ANN2-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of male-sterile HA89(ANN2) sunflower line was performed using high-throughput sequencing technologies. Analysis of CMS ANN2 mitochondrial DNA sequence revealed the following reorganization events: twelve rearrangements, seven insertions, and nine deletions. Comparisons of coding sequences from the male-sterile line with the male-fertile line identified a deletion of orf777 and seven new transcriptionally active open reading frames (ORFs): orf324, orf327, orf345, orf558, orf891, orf933, orf1197. Three of these ORFs represent chimeric genes involving atp6 (orf1197), cox2 (orf558), and nad6 (orf891). In addition, orf558, orf891, orf1197, as well as orf933, encode proteins containing membrane domain(s), making them the most likely candidate genes for CMS development in ANN2. Although the investigated CMS phenotype may be caused by simultaneous action of several candidate genes, we assume that orf1197 plays a major role in developing male sterility in ANN2. Comparative analysis of mitogenome organization in sunflower lines representing different CMS sources also allowed identification of reorganization hot spots in the mitochondrial genome of sunflower.

A CYCLOIDEA-like gene mutation in sunflower determines an unusual floret type able to produce filled achenes at the periphery of the pseudanthium

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mizzotti ◽  
Marco Fambrini ◽  
Elisabetta Caporali ◽  
Simona Masiero ◽  
Claudio Pugliesi
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Disc Floret ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Ray Florets

The pseudanthium of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) consists of two floret types: zygomorphic sterile ray florets and actinomorphic hermaphrodite disc florets. In the tubular ray flower (turf) mutant, the loss-of-function of a CYCLOIDEA (CYC) gene generates hermaphrodite tubular-like ray florets that replace the normal sterile ray florets. We evaluated whether tubular-like ray florets have a multifaceted set of floral traits and the presence of heteromorphic seeds in the turf inflorescence. During early stages of floral ontogeny, primordia of both tubular-like ray florets and typical ray florets displayed a comparable shape. In contrast, during later stages of development, the form of tubular-like ray floret primordia was most similar to disc floret primordia. In mature tubular-like ray florets, corolla and ovary had both ray and disc floret characteristics but also displayed distinct identity traits. In open-pollinated tubular-like ray florets, the seed set was low, but a noteworthy increase of filled achenes was obtained by hand pollination. Wild type ray achenes were always empty. Embryos of tubular-like ray florets were shorter and lighter than the embryos of disc florets but able to produce fertile plants. In conclusion, the different identity characteristics combined in tubular-like ray florets of the mutant evolved a capitulum type not described in the genus Helianthus.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF TWO HYBRIDS OF Helianthus annuus L. (SUNFLOWER) UNDER THE STRESS OF HEAVY METALS i.e. ZINC AND COPPER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-11
Author(s):  
Aqsa Butt ◽  
Shamim Umer ◽  
Rubina Altaf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Final Harvest ◽  
Cu And Zn

A pot experiment was conducted in University of Agriculture Faisalabad to assess the effect of Cu and Zn uptake on morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of Helianthus annuus L.(Sunflower). Two hybrids FH-612 and FH-621 were used during this study. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replicates. After 20 days of germination the plants were subjected to different levels of ZnCl2, CuSO4 and with their combination. Three harvests were taken at an interval of seven days each to study the growth rate, morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes. At the maturity of crops final harvest was taken and yield attributes were recorded. Data of various attributes were statistically analyzed. It was observed that both the metals caused negative effect on growth rate as well as the other parameters studied. The effect was more pronounced in the metal combination treatment. Ultimately the yield was significantly reduced due to the effect of metals in both hybrids. However hybrid FH-612 revealed slight tolerance towards Cu and Zn toxicity as compared to its counterpart. FH- 621. Thus it was concluded that Cu and Zn affect the morphological, physiological and yield attributes of sunflower when applied in higher concentration.

Diversity among sources of cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Euphytica ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. J. Havekes ◽  
J. F. Miller ◽  
C. C. Jan
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L
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