scholarly journals The lifespan of starving flies of different Drosophila melanogaster stocks: effects of caffeine and He-Ne laser light

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
O. V. Gorenskaya ◽  
N. S. Filiponenko ◽  
Yu. G. Shckorbatov
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Mutant Stock

Aim. Analysis of the chronic effects of caffeine and laser radiation on starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster, in depends on the genotype. Methods. The experiments were carried out in wild type stocks of Drosophila melanogaster: Canton-S and Oregon; mutant stock ebony and stocks with mutation ebony saturated by stocks Canton-S and Oregon – ebonyC-S and ebonyOr. Caffeine was applied in concentration of 0.5 mg/ml in the cultural medium. Flies were exposed to He-Ne laser light of wavelength 632.8 nm and surface power density 0.03 mW/cm2 for 5 minutes. Control flies were grown under standard living conditions. Results. The lifespan during starvation dependence on a genotype (17.62 % and 19.51 %), external factors (h = 17.02 % and 19.64 %) and on the combined factors – h = 4.37 % and 2.42 % (for males and males, respectively) was shown. Conclusions. Almost in all experimental variants caffeine and laser light induced the extension lifespan during starvation. The simultaneous applying of both factors (caffeine+laser light) induced the maximal lifespan extension in Drosophila stocks C-S, ebony, and ebonyOr. Such additive effect was not observed in ebonyC-S flies. We connect the observed effects of caffeine and laser light with hormesis effect.Keywords: drosophila, genotype, lifespan during starvation, mutation, stress tolerance.

Notizen: A New Mutant Affecting Aldehyde Oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 304-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Bentley ◽  
John H. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Control Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mutant Stock ◽  
Wild Type Control

Abstract A new locus, Aldox-2, which affects the activity and heat stability of aldehyde oxidase in D. melanogaster is described. The Aldox-2 locus is localized to map position 86 on chromosome 2, between c and px. Aldehyde oxidase activity in Aldox-2 homozygotes is approximately 25 - 30% that of the Oregon-R wild-type control strain. The enzyme from the mutant stock is much more heat labile than is the enzyme from the wild-type strain. Both the activity and heat phenotypes are completely recessive.

THE EFFECTS OF LAO ON ALDEHYDE OXIDASE ACTIVITY AND CROSS-REACTING-MATERIAL IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Williamson ◽  
Michael M. Bentley ◽  
Melvin J. Oliver ◽  
Billy W. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Major Form ◽  
Normal Enzyme ◽  
Mutant Stock

In Drosophila melanogaster aldehyde oxidase occurs in at least two forms that can be separated electrophoretically. The mutant allele lao (low aldehyde oxidase activity) causes a deficiency of the major form of this enzyme. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses suggest that lao homozygotes produce aldehyde oxidase cross-reacting-material in nearly wild-type levels. Although aldehyde oxidase from the mutant stock is heat labile, properties such as Km and pH optima are not different from the normal enzyme.

scholarly journals Mutations rate in different lines of drosophila melanogaster after the treatment with caffeine and He-Ne laser radiation

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Neon Laser ◽  
Helium Neon Laser ◽  
Helium Neon

The frequency of dominant lethal mutations (DLM) after combined effect of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxan- thine) and helium-neon laser radiation in Drosophila has been studied. Caffeine is a natural substance which is presented in many drinks, widely applied in medicine and reveals moderately toxic action and some mutagen- icity/genotoxicity effects; red laser radiation is applied in medicine and can disrupt the processes of DNA and RNA biosynthesis. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of the mutation process in Drosophila melanogaster under the influence of caffeine and red laser radiation, depending on the genotype. We used wild type Drosophila melanogaster stocks Canton-S (C-S) and Oregon (Or), carrying an ebony mutation, respectively: ebonyC-S and ebonyOr; and mutant stock ebony. Control flies were grown in standard conditions, and in experiments with caffeine it was added in culture medium in concentration 0.5 mg/ml. Vir- gin flies were exposed to a helium-neon laser light (wavelength of 632,8 nm) with a surface power density of 0.03 mW/cm2, the exposure time was 5 minutes. The influence of caffeine causes an increase in the frequency of early DLM on 40 % in mutant line ebony, and on 70.5 % in the line ebonyC-S. Irradiation by light of helium-neon laser either reduces the incidence DLM, or has no effect in all lines used in this work. The simultaneous effect of two external factors induces diverse answers in different genotypes: it increases early DLM in line C-S and early and late DLM in line ebony; but has no effect in lines ebonyOr and ebonyC-S. The two-way analysis ANOVA F-test showed that the DLM frequency dependence impact of external factors is characterized by F= 3.87; of genotype F= 5.14; of the combined effects of genotype and external factors F = 5.69. The power of influence of external factors — 8.1 %; of genotype 6.9 %; and of the combined effects of the genotype and two external factors studied — 31.4 %. Conclusions. Irradiation with laser light had no mutagenic effect on Drosophila, and even revealed anti- mutagenic effect. Caffeine induced the DLM increase, but the combined caffeine and laser light impact increased DLM rate in line ebony and not influenced it in lines: ebonyOr and ebonyC-S.

The Effect of Mianserin on Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans is Abolished by Glucose

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Almotayri ◽  
Jency Thomas ◽  
Mihiri Munasinghe ◽  
Markandeya Jois
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Extension Effect

Background: The antidepressant mianserin has been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a well-established model organism used in aging research. The extension of lifespan in C. elegans was shown to be dependent on increased expression of the scaffolding protein (ANK3/unc-44). In contrast, antidepressant use in humans is associated with an increased risk of death. The C. elegans in the laboratory are fed Escherichia coli (E. coli), a diet high in protein and low in carbohydrate, whereas a typical human diet is high in carbohydrates. We hypothesized that dietary carbohydrates might mitigate the lifespan-extension effect of mianserin. Objective: To investigate the effect of glucose added to the diet of C. elegans on the lifespan-extension effect of mianserin. Methods: Wild-type Bristol N2 and ANK3/unc-44 inactivating mutants were cultured on agar plates containing nematode growth medium and fed E. coli. Treatment groups included (C) control, (M50) 50 μM mianserin, (G) 73 mM glucose, and (M50G) 50 μM mianserin and 73 mM glucose. Lifespan was determined by monitoring the worms until they died. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier version of the log-rank test. Results: Mianserin treatment resulted in a 12% increase in lifespan (P<0.05) of wild-type Bristol N2 worms but reduced lifespan by 6% in ANK3/unc-44 mutants, consistent with previous research. The addition of glucose to the diet reduced the lifespan of both strains of worms and abolished the lifespan-extension by mianserin. Conclusion: The addition of glucose to the diet of C. elegans abolishes the lifespan-extension effects of mianserin.

scholarly journals The hobo Transposable Element Excises and Has Related Elements in Tephritid Species

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339-1347
Author(s):  
Alfred M Handler ◽  
Sheilachu P Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Anastrepha Suspensa ◽  
Tephritid Species ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Horizontal Transfers

Abstract Function of the Drosophila melanogaster hobo transposon in tephritid species was tested in transient embryonic excision assays. Wild-type and mutant strains of Anastrepha suspensa, Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, Ceratitis capitata, and Toxotrypana curvicauda all supported hobo excision or deletion both in the presence and absence of co-injected hobo transposase, indicating a permissive state for hobo mobility and the existence of endogenous systems capable of mobilizing hobo. In several strains hobo helper reduced excision. Excision depended on hobo sequences in the indicator plasmid, though almost all excisions were imprecise and the mobilizing systems appear mechanistically different from hobo. hobe-related sequences were identified in all species except T. curvicauda. Parsimony analysis yielded a subgroup including the B. cucurbitae and C. capitata sequences along with hobo and Hermes, and a separate, more divergent subgroup including the A. suspensa and B. dorsalis sequences. All of the sequences exist as multiple genomic elements, and a deleted form of the B. cucurbitae element exists in B. dorsalis. The hobo-related sequences are probably members of the hAT transposon family with some evolving from distant ancestor elements, while others may have originated from more recent horizontal transfers.

scholarly journals Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species both affect reproductive success in male and female Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biz R. Turnell ◽  
Luisa Kumpitsch ◽  
Klaus Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Male And Female

AbstractSperm aging is accelerated by the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. Aging can be slowed by limiting the production of mitochondrial ROS and by increasing the production of antioxidants, both of which can be generated in the sperm cell itself or in the surrounding somatic tissues of the male and female reproductive tracts. However, few studies have compared the separate contributions of ROS production and ROS scavenging to sperm aging, or to cellular aging in general. We measured reproductive fitness in two lines of Drosophila melanogaster genetically engineered to (1) produce fewer ROS via expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), an alternative respiratory pathway; or (2) scavenge fewer ROS due to a loss-of-function mutation in the antioxidant gene dj-1β. Wild-type females mated to AOX males had increased fecundity and longer fertility durations, consistent with slower aging in AOX sperm. Contrary to expectations, fitness was not reduced in wild-type females mated to dj-1β males. Fecundity and fertility duration were increased in AOX and decreased in dj-1β females, indicating that female ROS levels may affect aging rates in stored sperm and/or eggs. Finally, we found evidence that accelerated aging in dj-1β sperm may have selected for more frequent mating. Our results help to clarify the relative roles of ROS production and ROS scavenging in the male and female reproductive systems.

scholarly journals INTRACISTRONIC MAPPING OF ELECTROPHORETIC SITES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: FIDELITY OF INFORMATION TRANSFER BY GENE CONVERSION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Margaret McCarron ◽  
William Gelbart ◽  
Arthur Chovnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Recombination Experiments

ABSTRACT A convenient method is described for the intracistronic mapping of genetic sites responsible for electrophoretic variation of a specific protein in Drosophila melanogaster. A number of wild-type isoalleles of the rosy locus have been isolated which are associated with the production of electrophoretically distinguishable xanthine dehydrogenases. Large-scale recombination experiments were carried out involving null enzyme mutants induced on electrophoretically distinct wild-type isoalleles, the genetic basis for which is followed as a nonselective marker in the cross. Additionally, a large-scale recombination experiment was carried out involving null enzyme rosy mutants induced on the same wild-type isoallele. Examination of the electrophoretic character of crossover and convertant products recovered from the latter experiment revealed that all exhibited the same parental electrophoretic character. In addition to documenting the stability of the xanthine dehydrogenase electrophoretic character, this observation argues against a special mutagenesis hypothesis to explain conversions resulting from allele recombination studies.

scholarly journals Somatic production of reactive oxygen species does not predict its production in sperm cells across Drosophila melanogaster lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biz R. Turnell ◽  
Luisa Kumpitsch ◽  
Anne-Cécile Ribou ◽  
Klaus Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Transport Chain

Abstract Objective Sperm ageing has major evolutionary implications but has received comparatively little attention. Ageing in sperm and other cells is driven largely by oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the mitochondria. Rates of organismal ageing differ across species and are theorized to be linked to somatic ROS levels. However, it is unknown whether sperm ageing rates are correlated with organismal ageing rates. Here, we investigate this question by comparing sperm ROS production in four lines of Drosophila melanogaster that have previously been shown to differ in somatic mitochondrial ROS production, including two commonly used wild-type lines and two lines with genetic modifications standardly used in ageing research. Results Somatic ROS production was previously shown to be lower in wild-type Oregon-R than in wild-type Dahomey flies; decreased by the expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), a protein that shortens the electron transport chain; and increased by a loss-of-function mutation in dj-1β, a gene involved in ROS scavenging. Contrary to predictions, we found no differences among these four lines in the rate of sperm ROS production. We discuss the implications of our results, the limitations of our study, and possible directions for future research.

scholarly journals DIFFERENTIATION OF DROSOPHILA CELLS LACKING RIBOSOMAL DNA, IN VITRO

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
J James Donady ◽  
R L Seecof ◽  
M A Fox
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Drosophila Cells

ABSTRACT Drosophila melanogaster embryos that lacked ribosomal DNA were obtained from appropriate crosses. Cells were taken from such embryos before overt differentiation took place and were cultured in vitro. These cells differentiated into neurons and myocytes with the same success as did wild-type controls. Therefore, ribosomal RNA synthesis is not necessary for the differentiation of neurons and myocytes in vitro.

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