scholarly journals Protein polimorphism of cross components at development of common wheat lines with introgression from Triticum migushovae Zhir.

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
T. V. Pasichnyk ◽  
M. Z. Antonyuk ◽  
T. K. Ternovska
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Spectra ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Introgressive Lines

Aim. Determine presence/absence of polymorphism at genes coding wheat proteins with known chromosome localization in order to determine cross components for development of introgressive lines T. aestivum/T. miguschovae, which are optimal for screening progeny for studied proteins. Methods. Protein electrophoresis in PAAG, visualization and comparison of spectra. Results. Electrophoretic spectra components which could be used as markers of chromosomes of Ab, G, D genomes of Migushova wheat, and A, B and D genomes of four cultivars of common wheat were identified for 1-st (gliadins, glutenins), 3-rd (leaf and seed esterase, peroxidase), 4-th (beta-amylase, acid phosphatase), 6-th (gliadins, alfa-amylase), 7-th (alfa-amylase) groups of homeological chromosomes. Conclusions. Progeny from any of the four common wheat cultivars can be studied for the presence of Migushova wheat chromosomes that substituted common wheat chromosomes of 1-st, 3-rd, 4-th, 6-th, and 7-th homeological groups, however, effectiveness of studied protein markers varied for different cultivars.Keywords: wheat introgression, Fusarium head blight, Triticum miguschovae, storage proteins, isoenzymes.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Studies Reveal Increased Aggressiveness of Emergent Canadian Fusarium graminearum Chemotypes in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Foroud ◽  
S. P. McCormick ◽  
T. MacMillan ◽  
A. Badea ◽  
D. F. Kendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Different Levels

The role of Fusarium graminearum trichothecene-chemotypes in disease outcomes was evaluated by point inoculation in a series of wheat lines with different levels of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Four inocula, each consisting of a composite of four strains with either 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADON) chemotypes from “traditional” or emergent populations, a 3-ADON chemotype, or a nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, were compared. The evaluated wheat included Canadian lines with different levels of FHB resistance/susceptibility and double haploid lines developed from crosses of these lines. Highly resistant lines were resistant to infection by all of the F. graminearum chemotypes evaluated. In the moderately susceptible/resistant wheat lines, the 3-ADON producers and the emergent 15-ADON population were, in some instances, more aggressive and resulted in higher Fusarium damaged kernel scores and levels of trichothecene accumulation. The data presented in this study demonstrate the importance of growing highly resistant wheat cultivars in the current climate of an evolving F. graminearum population, and suggest that moderate levels of FHB resistance may not be sufficient to minimize trichothecene contamination of grain from F. graminearum–infected wheat.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Polish cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on molecular and protein markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-548
Author(s):  
Ewa FILIP ◽  
Aleksandra STROŃSKA ◽  
Magdalena SZENEJKO ◽  
Waldemar PLUTA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
Sds Page

Knowledge of the composition subunits of proteins glutenins makes it much easier to determine the quality and suitability of the final product obtained from gluten. It is important to remember that not only molecular processes model gluten protein polymorphism. In this study, the genetic diversity of Polish common wheat cultivars was examined at the level of DNA and glutenin’s proteins HMW-GS. The SDS-PAGE and RAPD bands were evaluated in binary matrix, which was the basis for further analysis of results, using appropriate measures of variability: Q-Cochran  test (Cochran, 1950), p < 0.05; I-Shannon index; Si-Similarity index; PIC-Polymorphism Information Content; (PCA-Principal component analysis). Both types of markers proved to be useful in the overall assessment of genetic variability between tested of common wheat cultivars. The general genetic diversity indicates that good candidates with unique composition of HMW-GS subunits were selected among the examined cultivars and three OPA-02, OPA-03, OPB-08 primers with the highest power differentiating for the studied genotypes were selected. Results of the research revealed the potentials of RAPD and SDS-PAGE technique in determining genetical diversity and make a suitable qualitative assessment of common wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Sporogenesis in F1 hybrids from the crosses between common wheat and lines with introgressions from Amblyopyrum muticum

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Plyhun ◽  
Maksym Antonyuk ◽  
Tetiana Iefimenko ◽  
Tamara Ternovska
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Alien Genes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Wheat Lines

Hybridization of wheat lines comprising fragments of alien genetic material (introgression) with common wheat cultivars is effective and widespread means of transferring alien genes into genomes of modern wheat cultivars, and remains the main method of expending genetic pool of common wheat using genes of wild relatives. Success of such transfer depends on the processes of sporo- and gametogenesis in F1 hybrids, therefore cytological assessment of this processes is obligatory. Stages of meiosis and microgametogenesis were studied on cytological preparations of spikes of F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses of common wheat cultivars and wheat lines of introgression origin with alien genetic material from wheat wild relative Amblyopyrum muticum. Sporogenesis in F1 hybrids occurs with disorders in both male and female sexual areas. Instead of 21 closed bivalents chromosome configurations in maximal association of chromosomes in M1 PMC could contain up to 8 open bivalents, up to 12 univalents, including three- and quadrivalents. In A1 lagging chromatids were observed, and up to 5 micronuclei per cell were registered in tetrads. Quantitative characteristics of chromosome associations in M1 PMC did not differ for hybrids obtained using introgression lines as female (direct crossing) and male (reverse crossing) cross components. The difference between reciprocal crosses was detected only for the quantity of cells in tetrads with different quantity of micronuclei. F1 hybrids from direct crosses had smaller portion of cells without micronuclei, and more cells with 1-3 micronuclei compared to hybrids of reverse crosses.

scholarly journals Genetic background for moderate resistance against fusarium head blight among winter wheat developed in the Forrest Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
A. V. Karelov ◽  
N. A. Kozub ◽  
I. I. Kucheriavy ◽  
O. I. Sozinova ◽  
I. O. Sozinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Resistance Allele ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Allelic State ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Aim. The aim of the work was to evaluate the genetic background of resistance to Fusarium head blight in common winter wheat cultivars based on the allelic state of the TDF_076_2D gene conferring tolerance against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. fungi. Methods. We studied 91 winter common wheat cultivars developed in the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine. A silica-based commercial kit was used for DNA extraction. For the allelic state detection, the INDEL1 marker co-segregating with the TDF_076_2D gene was used. Results. The frequency of the resistance allele according to the marker for the gene conferring moderate resistance to the Fusarium fungi made up 0.802. Conclusions. The majority of the common wheat cultivars from the studied sample carry the resistance allele of the gene of interest. The data obtained are consistent with the results of previous research for the wider sample of the winter and spring common wheat cultivars. The cultivars with confirmed resistance allele might show lower infection level in the field and serve as a source of the gene in marker assisted selection. Keywords: common wheat, disease resistance genes, Fusarium head blight, molecular markers.

scholarly journals Comparison of components of Fusarium head blight in doubled haploid wheat lines

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
S.C. Shorter ◽  
W.B. Griffin ◽  
C.A. Munro ◽  
D.R. Lauren
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Components of Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium spp were examined in one Chinese and seven New Zealand wheat cultivars and in 141 doubled haploid lines from a cross between a susceptible and a moderately resistant cultivar Components measured were incidence of FHB proportions of grains with visible FHB infection mycotoxins levels in grain and proportion of grains infected with Fusarium Lines were sown in a field trial that was inoculated with F graminearum and mist irrigated to enhance infection The Chinese cultivar Nanjing had the lowest level of FHB in ears and visibly infected grains and Fusarium infection in harvested grain Two New Zealand cultivars also had low levels of FHB components while two other cultivars had medium levels and three had high levels of infection There were moderate to good correlations between most components of FHB except that the proportions of visibly infected grains were poorly correlated with other components

Antifungal activity of methanol extracts from spikes of Triticum spelta and Triticum aestivum genotypes differing in their response to Fusarium culmorum inoculation

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Suchowilska ◽  
Marian Wiwart ◽  
Grażyna Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Substances

AbstractThe total concentrations of free phenolic compounds and peroxidase were determined in spikes (collected at the flowering stage) of some spelt and common wheat cultivars differing in their response to F. culmorum infection. The antifungal activity of methanol extracts obtained from spikes was also evaluated. The tested genotypes differed significantly in their response to inoculation. The most resistant were Torka and Zebra among common wheat cultivars, and Weisser Grannenspelz among spelt cultivars. The average content of free phenolic compounds in spikes of spelt and common wheat was 1246.56 μg g−1 and 1236.58 μg g−1, respectively. The cultivars whose spikes contained the largest amounts of phenols showed the weakest response to F. culmorum infection. No significant differences were observed with regard to peroxidase content, which was 5.22 U g−1 in common wheat spikes and 5.14 U g−1 in spelt spikes. Methanol extracts from spikes of all wheat cultivars contained antifungal substances. The extracts from spelt spikes inhibited the growth of F. culmorum on PDA to a lesser degree than the extracts from common wheat spikes. This corresponds to the results of field trials, in which T. spelta generally exhibited a stronger response to F. culmorum infection than common wheat. The high correlation (r = 0.816) between mycelium growth inhibition on the medium and F. culmorum infection indicates that an evaluation of the antifungal activity of extracts from spikes may be used for the selection of breeding materials directed towards increased resistance to Fusarium head blight.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of Ukrainian common winter wheat cultivars with respect to the molecular marker for the gene conferring moderate resistance against Fusarium head blight

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
N. Kozub ◽  
O. Sozinova ◽  
A. Karelov ◽  
I. Sozinov ◽  
I. Kucheriavyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Resistance Allele ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Allelic State ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

Goal. The goal of the work was to evaluate the genetic potential of resistance to Fusarium head blight of collections of winter common wheat cultivars based on the allelic state of the TDF_076_2D gene conferring moderate resistance against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. fungi. Materials and methods. We studied 68 winter common wheat cultivars developed in different scientific-breeding institutions of Ukraine (the Myronivka Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS, the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute (PBGI), the Рlant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuryev of NAAS, Poltava State Agrarian Academy (PSAA)). A silica-based commercial kit was used for DNA extraction. To detect the allelic state of the resistance gene, the INDEL1 marker cosegregating with the TDF_076_2D gene was used. Amplified fragments obtained as a result of PCR were separated in 3% agarose gel and visualized with use of ethidium bromide. Results. The frequency of the resistance allele according to the INDEL1 marker for the gene conferring moderate resistance to the Fusarium fungi ranged from 0.682 in the sample of PBGI cultivars to 0.882 in the PSAA group; the frequency of the resistance allele in the total sample made up 0.782. It was found that the cultivar ‘Poliovyk’ showed a non-typical pattern of amplified bands, which possibly indicates the allele for susceptibility to Fusarium head blight. Conclusions. The majority of the common wheat cultivars from the studied sample carry the resistance allele of the marker for the gene of interest. The data obtained are consistent with the results of the previous research of the wider sample of the winter and spring common wheat cultivars. The cultivars with the resistance allele might show a lower infection level in the field and serve as a source of the gene in marker assisted selection. The cultivar ‘Poliovyk’ is worth more detailed studying with use of other molecular markers for the TDF_076_2D gene and (or) sequencing to find out a precise allelic state of the gene.

scholarly journals Study of common wheat lines with genetic material Aegilops speltoides for leaf rust resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Davoyan ◽  
R. O. Davoyan ◽  
Y. S. Zubanova ◽  
D. S. Mikov ◽  
D. M. Boldakov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Introgressive Lines

The results of evaluating introgressive lines by resistance to leaf rust and the presence of molecular markers in them linked to the known resistance genes Lr28, Lr35, Lr51, Lr10, Lr26, Lr34 are presented.

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