scholarly journals Breeding of legume crops for effective nitrogen fixation

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
V. I. Sichkar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Experimental Strains

Aim. Grain legume are able to accumulate 80–220 kg/ha of nitrogen. To optimize this process we should select the complementary pairs “cultivar-strain”, which could realize their maximum genetic potentials. We studied indices of symbiosis for the use of the number of experimental strains of soybean, pea and chickpea in laboratory and field conditions. Methods. The plants grown in containers of a volume of 0.3 l without nitrogen in laboratory conditions. Field research conducted in rainfed conditions in the presence of spontaneous rhizobia in the soil. Results. Substantial variability was found for indices of the symbiosis of the interaction of different varieties of soybean, chickpea and pea with recommended and experimental strains of rhizobia. The best combination are recommended for use in different locations. Conclusions. The selected experimental strains of rhizobia, which are characterized by improved performance of the symbiosis of the varieties of soybean, chickpea and pea are recommended for using. Keywords: rhizobium strains, nodulation, nitrogen fixation.

Controlled Environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris) I. Perspectives, Tenets and Objectives

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Summerfield ◽  
F. J. Muehlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Controlled Environments

SUMMARYOur experience with potentially tropic-adapted grain legumes leads us to hypothesize that ‘with appropriate and sufficiently proven technology, developed specifically for the purpose, controlled environment facilities can be a powerful adjunct to field research and so assist in the attainment of crop improvement objectives in lentils’. This contribution comments on the ‘adaptation’ of grain legume crops to their environments, describes current lentil production in the USA and elsewhere, and discusses the tenets and objectives of a programme of research devoted to the ultimate release of lentil genotypes that are well adapted to the environments for which they are intended.

NITROGEN FIXATION OF GRAIN LEGUMES DIFFERS IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILISATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA PAMPANA ◽  
ALESSANDRO MASONI ◽  
MARCO MARIOTTI ◽  
LAURA ERCOLI ◽  
IDUNA ARDUINI
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYLegume crops are not usually fertilised with mineral N. However, there are at least two agronomic cases when it would be advantageous to distribute N fertiliser to legume crops: at sowing, before the onset of nodule functioning, and when a legume is intercropped with a cereal. We highlight the impact of various levels of fertiliser nitrogen on grain yield, nodulation capacity and biological nitrogen fixation in the four most common grain legume crops grown in central Italy. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were grown in soil inside growth boxes for two cropping seasons with five nitrogen fertilisation rates: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha−1. In both years, experimental treatments (five crops and five levels of N) were arranged in a randomised block design. We found that unfertilised plants overall yielded grain, total biomass and nitrogen at a similar level to plants supplied with 80–120 kg ha−1 of mineral nitrogen. However, above those N rates, the production of chickpea, pea and white lupin decreased, thus indicating that the high supply of N fertiliser decreased the level of N2 fixed to such an extent that the full N2-fixing potential might not be achieved. In all four grain legumes, the amount of N2 fixed was positively related to nodule biomass, which was inversely related to the rate of the N fertiliser applied. The four grain legumes studied responded differently to N fertilisation: in white lupin and chickpea, the amount of nitrogen derived from N2 fixation linearly decreased with increasing N supply as a result of a reduction in nodulation and N2 fixed per unit mass of nodules. Conversely, in field bean and pea, the decrease in N2 fixation was only due to a reduction in nodule biomass since nodule fixation activity increased with N supply. Our results suggest that the legume species and the N rate are critical factors in determining symbiotic N2-fixation responses to N fertilisation.

Studies on compatibility of nitrogen fixation by high-temperature-adapted Rhizobium strains and Vigna radiata genotypes at two moisture levels in calcareous soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai ◽  
V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

SUMMARYRhizobium strains adapted to high temperature, and genotypes of green gram, were used to study the symbiotic N2-fixation in a summer season at two moisture levels in calcareous soil. Different interactions between strains and genotypes were observedatthe two moisture levels. At both moisture levels, strain S4 with the green gram genotype S8 showed the greatest grain yield, nitrogenase activity, leghaemoglobin and ethanolsoluble carbohydrate of nodules.

scholarly journals Molybdenum supply and biological fixation of nitrogen by two Brazilian common bean cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinne da Silva ◽  
◽  
Vinícius I. Franzini ◽  
Cristiano D. Piccolla ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Common Bean Cultivar ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
15N Isotope Dilution Technique

ABSTRACT The common bean has been considered to have low biological nitrogen fixation capacity; however, this process can be made more effective with molybdenum (Mo) supplementation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Mo rates on the growth and biological nitrogen fixation by two Brazilian common bean cultivars using the 15N isotope dilution technique. The experiment was performed in 2014 in a completely randomized design arranged in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to 5 rates of Mo (control, 40, 80, 120 and 240 g ha-1), the common bean cultivars Aporé, Ouro Negro and NORH-54 (a non-nodulating common bean cultivar), and three replicates. The application of Mo and the inoculation with rhizobia strains contributed to improving nitrogen fixation and grain weight. The cultivar Ouro Negro showed a higher number and weight of nodules and a higher amount of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere than the cultivar Aporé. The biological nitrogen fixation of Aporé was more dependent on the application of Mo. These results indicated that inoculation with Rhizobium strains and Mo supply effectively contributed to biological nitrogen fixation and improving grain production.

Phosphorus benefits from grain-legume crops to subsequent maize grown on acid soils of southern Cameroon

2006 ◽  
Vol 284 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jemo ◽  
R. C. Abaidoo ◽  
C. Nolte ◽  
M. Tchienkoua ◽  
N. Sanginga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Southern Cameroon

scholarly journals Growth and nitrogen fixation in Azolla pinnata under field conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Kulasooriya ◽  
W. K. Hirimburegama ◽  
S. W. Abeysekara
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Azolla Pinnata

scholarly journals Analysis of Working Qualitative Parameters for No-Till Machines

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu RANTA ◽  
Ioan DROCAS ◽  
Sorin STANILA ◽  
Adrian MOLNAR ◽  
Mircea Valentin MUNTEAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Experimental Teaching ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Teaching Facility

Autors was designed a system to modify the SPC romanian seeding machine for in order that it can be used for no-till technology. This machine was manufactured with the help of S.C. MECANICA M.A.R.I..U.S. S.A. in Cluj- Napoca and it was used in laboratory conditions in a state of the art soil bin of Hohenheim University, Stuttgart and in laboratory-field conditions. The field experiments were located on a plot of Experimental Teaching Facility of USAMV Cluj-Napoca, on aluviosol molic soil after SRTS – 200, in location Lunca Someşului Mic (Podişul Someşan) .

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