scholarly journals Optically active isomers of the genus Pinus and their application in chemosystematic

1970 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
A. G. Shutova ◽  
N. A. Kovalenko ◽  
H. N. Supychenko ◽  
I. M. Garanovych ◽  
E. V. Spiridovych
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Anhydrous Na2so4 ◽  
Enantiomer Composition

Aim. The aim of this work was the possibility of using the composition of essential oils enantiomers as chemomarkers for the genus Pinus. Methods. The plant materials were subjected to hydrodistillation in a Ginsburg type apparatus (0.2 kg each loading) for 1 h. The collected samples of essential oils were dried with anhydrous Na2SO4 and stored at 4.8℃ until analyzed. The enantioselective capillary GC analysis was conducted on a Cyclosil B capillary column (30 m x 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm, 30 % hepatkis (2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-cyclodextrin in DB-1701). The relative amounts of individual components (in %) were calculated on the basis of GC peak areas without using correction factors. Results. The composition and enantiomeric terpene distribution of essential oils from the Pinus plants cultivated in the Central Botanical Gardens of Belarus is reported. Conclusions. The obtained experimental data indicate the presence of individual enantiomer composition features of essential oils of various representatives of the pine trees that can be used in chemosystematics of the genus Pinus. A common feature for the studied species of the genus Pinus is a significant predominance of (+)-Δ3-carene over (-)-form, the levorotatory isomer of β-pinene over (+)-form. As chemomarker for the section Cembra can be used enantiomeres excess (-)-limonene. Keywords: Pinus, essential oil, enantiomer, chemomarker.

Comparison of Terpene Composition in Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) Using Hydrodistillation, SPME and PLE

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Mardarowicz ◽  
Dorota Wianowska ◽  
Andrzej L. Dawidowicz ◽  
Ryszard Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Pressurised Liquid Extraction ◽  
Conifer Trees ◽  
Spruce Needles

Abstract Terpenes emitted by conifer trees are generally determined by analysing plant extracts or essential oils, prepared from foliage and cones using steam distillation. The application of these procedures limits experiments to cut plant materials. Recently headspace techniques have been adopted to examine terpene emission by living plants. This paper deals with the application of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) for the analysis of terpenes emitted by conifers foliage of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), including its seedlings. The compositions of SPME extracts obtained for destroyed and non-destroyed old and juvenile spruce needles were compared with the compositions of essential oils and pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) extracts corresponding to the same plant materials. No substantial differences have been found in the qualitative terpene composition estimated by analysing essential oil and PLE and SPME extracts from non-destroyed old and juvenile foliage. The disintegration of spruce needles results in the formation of a significant amount of myrcene in the case of the old conifer foliage and non-terpenoic compounds in the case of juvenile conifer foliage. This phenomenon can be attributed to enzymatic reactions occurring in the destroyed plant cells.

Evaluation of the inhibitory potential of essential oils and aromatic extracts on SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Strub ◽  
Michał Talma ◽  
Maria Strub ◽  
Wioletta Rut ◽  
Mikołaj Żmudziński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Abstract Essential oils and aromatic extracts (oleoresins, absolutes, concretes, resinoids) are often used as food flavorings and constituents of fragrance compositions. The flavor and fragrance industry observes significant growth in sales of some natural materials during the COVID-19 outbreak. Some companies worldwide are making false claims regarding their essential oils or blends to be effective (or indirectly points towards this conclusion) against coronaviruses even though the available data on the activity of plant materials against highly pathogenic human coronaviruses is very scarce. Our exploratory study aimed to develop pioneering knowledge, and provide the first experimental results on the inhibitory properties of hundreds of flavor & fragrance materials against SARS-CoV-2 main- and papain-like proteases. As essential oils are volatile products, they could provide an interesting subsidiary inhalation therapeutic strategy in the long term.

scholarly journals Pesticidal residue analysis and phytochemical screening in leaves and roots of Barleria prionitis Linn.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Reema Dheer ◽  
Surendra Swarnkar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Leaves And Roots

In the present study emphasize on phytochemical screening in leaves and roots of Barleria prionitis Linn. The extract of plant materials total ash content, extractive value, water soluble ash, and loss on drying values were identified. Medicinal plant materials are liable to contain pesticide residues, which accumulate from agriculture practices, such as spraying, treatment of soils during cultivation and administration of fumigants during storage. It is therefore recommended that every sample of medicinal plants used for such type of studies should be analyzed for the pesticidal residues. Therefore in the present study parts of the herb used for their antidiabetic potential were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, which are persistent and remain in the food chain for longer periods. The samples of leaf and root of Barleria prionitis were ground coarsely and then preceded for the extraction procedure. The sample of extracts were analysed for residues of organochlorine pesticides by Gas Chromatography (GC). Analysis were carried out on a Schimadzu Model 2010 Gas Chromatograph (GC) equipped with 63 NI electron capture detector (ECD) and a capillary column HP ultra 2. The instrument was supported by Lab Solution software. The pesticide residues detected in them in the GC were within the limits. For phytochemical screening, the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained were prepared and subjected to various qualitative tests in order to reveal the presence or absence of common phytopharmaceuticals by using standard tests. Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Pesticidal residues, Barleria prionitis Gas Chromatography, Ash value, extractive value.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition ofPinus peuceGriseb. Needles and Twigs from Two National Parks of Kosovo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avni Hajdari ◽  
Behxhet Mustafa ◽  
Dashnor Nebija ◽  
Hyrmete Selimi ◽  
Zeqir Veselaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
National Park ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Geographical Variations

The principal aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and qualitative and quantitative variability of essential oils obtained from seven naturally grown populations of thePinus peuceGrisebach, Pinaceae in Kosovo. Plant materials were collected from three populations in the Sharri National Park and from four other populations in the Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park, in Kosovo. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The results showed that the yield of essential oils (v/wdry weight) varied depending on the origin of population and the plant organs and ranged from 0.7 to 3.3%. In total, 51 compounds were identified. The main compounds wereα-pinene (needles: 21.6–34.9%; twigs: 11.0–24%),β-phellandrene (needles: 4.1–27.7; twigs: 29.0–49.8%), andβ-pinene (needles: 10.0–16.1; twigs: 6.9–20.7%). HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) and PCA (Principal Component Analyses) were used to assess geographical variations in essential oil composition. Statistical analysis showed that the analyzed populations are grouped in three main clusters which seem to reflect microclimatic conditions on the chemical composition of the essential oils.

scholarly journals Essential Oils of Alpinia Rafflesiana and Their Antimicrobial Activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariha Jusoh ◽  
Hasnah Mohd Sirat ◽  
Farediah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

The essential oils from the leaves, pseudostems, rhizomes and fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana were isolated by hydrodistillation. The oils were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The most abundant components in the leaf oil were trans-caryophyllene (32.61%), caryophyllene oxide (8.67%), (2 E,6 Z)-farnesol (4.91%) and α-terpineol (4.25%), while 1,8-cineole (32.25%), myrcene (13.63%), α-terpineol (9.90%) and trans-caryophyllene (9.80%) were the main constituents in the pseudostem oil. The rhizome constituted of tetracosane (42.61%), τ-cadinol (7.46%), α-terpineol (6.71%) were the major components, whereas tetracosane (13.39%), (2 E,6 E)-farnesol (7.31%), α-terpineol (8.51%) and caryophyllene oxide (8.05%) were the main components in the fruit oil. Antimicrobial assay revealed that all the essential oils showed moderate to weak inhibition against the tested microorganisms. The leaf oil was the most active and inhibited both S. aureus and E. coli with MIC values of 7.81 μg/mL and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively.

Confirmatory Method for N-Nitrosodimethylamine and N-Nitrosopyrrolidine in Food by Multiple Ion Analysis with Gas Chromatography-Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry Before and After Ultraviolet Photolysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162-1167
Author(s):  
W I Kimoto ◽  
Walter Fiddler
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ultraviolet Photolysis ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Volatile Nitrosamines

Abstract A confirmatory procedure is described for determining N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in bacon, beer, and malt by gas chromatography-low resolution quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The presence of 3 monitored ions, m/z 30, 42, and 74 for NDMA, and m/z 30,42, and 100 for NPYR, before and disappearance after photolysis under UV light at 365 nm without quantitation of peak areas was considered confirmatory evidence for their presence. The extracts, obtained by mineral oil distillation methods' for bacon and malt, and dry column methods for bacon and beer, underwent cleanup procedures before capillary GC-MS analysis. Less than 100 ng nitrosamine in the total extract, or approximately 2 ng NDMA or 3 ng NPYR injected into the GC-MS instrument, can be confirmed by this method. This technique should also be applicable for other volatile nitrosamines.

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Yohimbine in Commercial Yohimbe Products

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Betz ◽  
Kevin D White ◽  
Ara H Der Marderosian
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methyl Silicone ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Authentic Material ◽  
Total Alkaloids

Abstract The bark of Pausinystalia yohimbe [K. Schumann] Pierre (Rubiaceae), long valued as an aphrodisiac in West Africa, recently has been promoted in the United States as a dietary supplement alternative to anabolic steroids for enhancement of athletic performance. As the number of yohimbe products on the retail market increases, concerns about their safety are raised because of the reported toxicity of yohimbine (the major alkaloid of the plant). Although plant materials are usually identified microscopically, we were unable to identify them in many of the products, because as their labels indicated, the products were mixtures of various bo-tanicals or were bark extracts and contained little or no plant material. A method for extraction and capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separation of the alkaloids of P. yohimbe was, therefore, developed and used to analyze a number of commercial yohimbe products. The method involved solvent extraction and partitioning in chloroform–water followed by separation on a methyl silicone capillary GC column (N–P detection). Comparisons of chromatograms of extracts of authentic bark with those of commercial products indicated that, although many products contained measurable quantities of the alkaloid yohimbine, they were largely devoid of the other alkaloids previously reported in this species. Concentrations of yohimbine in the commercial products ranged from <0.1 to 489 ppm, compared with 7089 ppm in the authentic material. Authentic bark has been reported to contain up to 6% total alkaloids, 10–15% of which are yohimbine. The possible presence of undeclared diluents in the products was indicated by peaks in product chromatograms but not in those of authentic bark.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Natural Colophony from Pinus Brutia and Comparison with Synthetic Colophony

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet C. Gören ◽  
Gökhan Bilsel ◽  
Alp Hakan Öztürk ◽  
Gulaçtı Topçu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Neoabietic Acid ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Main Components

The compositions of colophony resins obtained from Pinus brutia Ten trees by three different methods (acid paste, carved hole and scraping) from Ayvacık, Gökova and Kemalpaşa in Turkey were analyzed by capillary GC-MS. The main components were the monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, and Δ3-carene, and the diterpenic resin acids palustric, abietic, kaur-9(11)-16-en-18-oic and neoabietic acid. The synthetic colophony resins exhibited similar contents to those of the natural resins obtained from the Gökova and Kemalpaşa regions of Turkey. However, colophony resins from Ayvacık exhibited only half the diterpenic acid content as those of the Gökova and Kemalpaşa resins. Out of the three techniques, the carved hole method caused rather different percentages in the constituents of the essential oils.

scholarly journals The Effect of Essential Oil Formulations for Potato Sprout Suppression

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
Moses S. Owolabi ◽  
Labunmi Lajide ◽  
Matthew O. Oladimeji ◽  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Potato Sprout ◽  
Sprout Suppression ◽  
Essential Oil Formulations ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Sprout Growth ◽  
Sprout Suppressants

The concerns over safety and environmental impact of synthetic pesticides such as chlorpropham (CIPC) has stimulated interest in finding environmentally benign, natural sprout suppressants, including essential oils. The effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Lippia multiflora essential oils on sprout growth and decay of stored potatoes has been investigated. Formulations of essential oils with alumina, bentonite, or kaolin, both with and without Triton X-100 additive, were tested. These formulations have been compared to the pulverized plant materials themselves as well as wick-volatilized essential oils. The results showed that the tested oils possess compositions that make them suitable for application as sprout suppressants. Additionally, the formulation seems to be able to reduce the volatility of the essential oil and artificially extend dormancy of stored potatoes.

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