scholarly journals Characterization of Drosophila virilis Delta mutants with asymmetrical wing vein thickenings

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Kozeretskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Virilis ◽  
Wing Vein

scholarly journals The vrille Gene of Drosophila Is a Maternal Enhancer of decapentaplegic and Encodes a New Member of the bZIP Family of Transcription Factors

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 1345-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène George ◽  
Régine Terracol
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Dorsoventral Patterning ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Tadpole Tail ◽  
Bzip Domain ◽  
Bzip Family ◽  
Mutation Allele

We report here the genetical and molecular characterization of a new Drosophila zygotic lethal locus, vrille (vri). vri alleles act not only as dominant maternal enhancers of embryonic dorsoventral patterning defects caused by easter and decapentaplegic (dpp) mutations, but also as dominant zygotic enhancers of dpp alleles for phenotypes in wing. The vri gene encodes a new member of the bZIP family of transcription factors closely related to gene 9 of Xenopus laevis, induced by thyroid hormone during the tadpole tail resorption program, and NF-IL3A, a human T cell transcription factor that transactivates the interleukin-3 promoter. NF-IL3A shares 93% similarity and 60% identity with Vri for a stretch of 68 amino acids that includes the bZIP domain. Although all the alleles tested behave like antimorphs, the dominant enhancement is also seen with a nonsense mutation allele that prevents translation of the bZIP domain. Because of the strong dominant enhancement of dpp phenotypes by vri alleles in both embryo and wing, and also the similarity between the wing vein phenotypes caused by the vri and shortvein dpp alleles, we postulate that vri interacts either directly or indirectly with certain components of the dpp (a TGFβ homologue) signal transduction pathway.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Dynamics of Abundant 7-bp Satellites in the Genome of Drosophila virilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1362-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jullien M Flynn ◽  
Manyuan Long ◽  
Rod A Wing ◽  
Andrew G Clark
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Drosophila Virilis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Satellite Sequence ◽  
Sequence Composition ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Multiple Strains

Abstract The factors that drive the rapid changes in abundance of tandem arrays of highly repetitive sequences, known as satellite DNA, are not well understood. Drosophila virilis has one of the highest relative amounts of simple satellites of any organism that has been studied, with an estimated >40% of its genome composed of a few related 7-bp satellites. Here, we use D. virilis as a model to understand technical biases affecting satellite sequencing and the evolutionary processes that drive satellite composition. By analyzing sequencing data from Illumina, PacBio, and Nanopore platforms, we identify platform-specific biases and suggest best practices for accurate characterization of satellites by sequencing. We use comparative genomics and cytogenetics to demonstrate that the highly abundant AAACTAC satellite family arose from a related satellite in the branch leading to the virilis phylad 4.5–11 Ma before exploding in abundance in some species of the clade. The most abundant satellite is conserved in sequence and location in the pericentromeric region but has diverged widely in abundance among species, whereas the satellites nearest the centromere are rapidly turning over in sequence composition. By analyzing multiple strains of D. virilis, we saw that the abundances of two centromere-proximal satellites are anticorrelated along a geographical gradient, which we suggest could be caused by ongoing conflicts at the centromere. In conclusion, we illuminate several key attributes of satellite evolutionary dynamics that we hypothesize to be driven by processes including selection, meiotic drive, and constraints on satellite sequence and abundance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of malaria parasites in indigenous chickens and ducks in selected districts of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al Mahmud Hasan ◽  
Md Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Anita Rani Dey ◽  
Mohammad Zahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Needle Puncture ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Avian haematozoans are important pathogens of birds causing asymptomatic to fatal infections. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria parasite infections in domestic chickens and ducks in three localities namely Mymensingh, Tangail and Netrokona districts in Bangladesh. In total, 474 blood smears (266 chickens and 208 ducks) were screened for haemoprotozoan infection during the period from March, 2016 to February, 2017. Blood samples were collected from wing vein by needle puncture. The parasites were identified from Giemsa stained thin blood smears based on morphological features using standard keys. Malaria protozoa was found in 60 birds (12.7%), of which 35 were chickens (13.2%) and 25 were ducks (12.0%). Two species of blood protozoa were identified namely Leucocytozoon spp. (10.5%) and Plasmodium spp. (2.1%). The prevalence of haemoprotozoa was found high among the adults (13.9%) while it was 11.2% among young birds. Female (15.2%) was 1.46 times more susceptible than male (10.9%).The prevalence rate was highest in Netrokona (18.9%) followed by Tangail (12.2%) and Mymensingh (8.7%). In this study, the prevalence rate was highest in rainy season (18.3%), moderate in summer (10%) and less in winter season (9.3%). Present study revealed that these haemorpotozoa are capable of infecting indigenous domestic chicken and duck. Further studies should focus on characterization of the malaria parasites of indigenous chickens and ducks in Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 260-265, December 2017

The relationship between the dominant Additional vein mutant in Drosophila melanogaster and engrailed

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1082
Author(s):  
Ajay Srivastava ◽  
Christina Heise ◽  
Ankush Garg ◽  
John B Bell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Inversion Breakpoints

Additional vein (Adv) is a dominant mutation that affects the first wing vein in Drosophila. It also manifests a recessive lethal phenotype and is associated with a large inversion. Using a combination of genetic and cytogenetic techniques, we show that Adv interacts with engrailed (en), likely because one of the inversion breakpoints interferes with en function. Genetic interaction studies reveal that Adv is lethal in trans with various lethal alleles of en and gives an engrailed-like wing phenotype with weak alleles of en. In situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes using en cDNA demonstrates that one of the inversion breakpoints lies within the en coding region. Although the cause of the wing phenotype is not determined herein, it likely is caused by the other inversion breakpoint interfering with a different function. The characterization of this mutation could expedite studies to understand what molecular events result in the Adv phenotype and thereby provide insight into the development of the first wing vein in Drosophila.Key words: wing vein, dominant mutation, engrailed.

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