scholarly journals Aromatic thiosemicarbazones, their antiviral action and interferon. 1. The decreasing of adenovirus type 1 resistance against interferon by methisazone in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Patskovsky ◽  
E. N. Negrebetskaya ◽  
A. A. Chernomaz ◽  
T. P. Voloshchuk ◽  
E. L. Rubashevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Antiviral Action

scholarly journals Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Replication in Vitro Is Resistant to Interferon

Virology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana E. Kajon ◽  
Katherine R. Spindler
Keyword(s):  
Adenovirus Type

scholarly journals Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Infection in SCID Mice: an Experimental Model for Antiviral Therapy of Systemic Adenovirus Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 4689-4699 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lenaerts ◽  
E. Verbeken ◽  
E. De Clercq ◽  
L. Naesens
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Scid Mice ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

ABSTRACT The importance of human adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients urges for new and adequate antiadenovirus compounds. Since human adenoviruses are species specific, animal models for systemic adenovirus infections rely on a nonhuman adenovirus. We established mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) infection of BALB/c SCID mice as a model for the evaluation of antiadenovirus therapy. In vitro studies with mouse embryonic fibroblasts pointed to the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate cidofovir and the N-7-substituted acyclic derivative 2-amino-7-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)purine (S-2242) as markedly active compounds against MAV-1. SCID mice, infected intranasally with MAV-1, developed a fatal disseminated infection after approximately 19 days, characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis. Several techniques were optimized to monitor viral, immunological, and pathological aspects of MAV-1 infection. Real-time PCR quantification of viral DNA revealed that after replication in the lungs, virus disseminated to several organs, including the brain, liver, spleen, intestine, heart, and kidneys (resulting in viruria). Immunohistochemical staining showed that MAV-1 was localized in the endothelial cells of the affected organs. Using reverse transcription-PCR, tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were found to be markedly increased. The MAV-1/SCID model appears to be an appropriate model for in vivo evaluation of antiadenovirus agents. Treatment with cidofovir or S-2242 at a dose of 100 mg per kg of body weight resulted in a significant delay in MAV-1-related death, although these antivirals were unable to completely suppress virus replication despite continued drug treatment. These findings suggest that complete virus clearance during antiviral therapy for disseminated adenovirus infection may require an efficient adaptive immune response from the host.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of a Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Early Region 3 Null Mutant

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 8640-8646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela N. Cauthen ◽  
Corrie C. Brown ◽  
Katherine R. Spindler
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Early Region ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Early Region 3

ABSTRACT Previous attempts to construct a mouse adenovirus type 1 early region 3 (E3) null mutant by initiator codon mutagenesis were unsuccessful because one of the E3 proteins, gp11K, is synthesized as a fusion protein from a late viral mRNA (A. N. Cauthen and K. R. Spindler, Virology 259:119–128, 1999). Therefore, a different mutagenesis strategy was employed that inserted termination codons into all three reading frames of the E3 proteins. This strategy produced a mutant, pmE314, that was null for the expression of E3 proteins as determined by immunoprecipitation with E3-specific antisera. This mutant grew as well as wild-type (wt) virus in both 3T6 mouse fibroblasts and mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells. However, the 50% lethal dose for pmE314 in adult NIH Swiss outbred mice was approximately 6 log units higher than that of wt virus, indicating that pmE314 was less virulent in mice. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that the absence of the E3 proteins did not alter the tropism of the mutant virus from that of wt virus. When the histopathology was evaluated, the characteristics of the pmE314 infection at both doses administered were strikingly different from those exhibited by wt virus. The central nervous system of wt-infected mice exhibited damage to the endothelium and recruitment of inflammatory cells, whereas the central nervous system of pmE314-infected mice showed no inflammatory response and only mild signs of endothelial damage.

scholarly journals Antivirals Against SARS-CoV2: Relevance to the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-906
Author(s):  
Ruth F. Itzhaki
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Antiviral Action ◽  
Sulphated Polysaccharide ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Success Of Treatment

A recent study in vitro has shown that a sulphated polysaccharide, a type of fucoidan, has potent antiviral activity against SARS-Cov2. If the antiviral action were successful also for COVID-19 patients, it would be enormously valuable against not only acute disease but also long-term mental effects, which might include Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In a trial of AD patients, the apparent success of treatment with a polysaccharide, GV971, was suggested to result from antiviral action against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in brain, a pathogen strongly implicated in AD, and that sulphation of GV971, making it fucoidan-like, might increase its putative antiviral action. These data indicate that treatment of AD patients might be very effective using valacyclovir, a conventional antiviral, which inhibits viral replication, together with a fucoidan, which blocks virus entry into cells.

scholarly journals Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Baboons by Using DNA and Replication-Incompetent Adenovirus Type 5 Vectors Expressing a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gag Gene

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 7663-7668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo R. Casimiro ◽  
Aimin Tang ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Tong-Ming Fu ◽  
Robert K. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Serotype 5

ABSTRACT The cellular immunogenicity of formulated plasmid DNA and replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vaccine vectors expressing a codon-optimized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene was examined in baboons. The Ad5 vaccine was capable of inducing consistently strong, long-lived CD8+-biased T-cell responses and in vitro cytotoxic activities. The DNA vaccine-elicited immune responses were weaker than those elicited by the Ad5 vaccine and highly variable; formulation with chemical adjuvants led to moderate increases in the levels of Gag-specific T cells. Increasing the DNA-primed responses with booster doses of either Ad5 or modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccines suggests a difference in the relative levels of cytotoxic and helper responses. The implications of these results are discussed.

Apoptosis and proliferation ofperipheral blood T-cells as alternative processes in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Lugovaya ◽  
N. M. Kalinina ◽  
V. Ph. Mitreikin ◽  
Yu. P. Kovaltchuk ◽  
A. V. Artyomova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Autoreactive T Cells ◽  
Alternative Processes

Apoptosis, along with proliferation, is a form of lymphocyte response to activating stimuli. In the early stages of cell differentiation, the apoptotic response prevails and it results to the formation of tolerance to inductor antigen. Mature lymphocytes proliferate in response to stimulation and it means the initial stage in the development of the immune response. Since in this case apoptosis and proliferation acts as alternative processes, their ratio can serve as a measure of the effectiveness of the cellular response to activating signals. The resistance of autoreactive T-cells to apoptosis is the main key point in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Autoreactive T-cells migrates from the bloodstream to the islet tissue of the pancreas and take an active part in b cells destruction. The resistance of autoreactive effector T-cells to apoptosis may suggest their high proliferative potential. Therefore, the comparative evaluation of apoptosis and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes can give a more complete picture of their functional state and thus will help to reveal the causes of ineffective peripheral blood T-ceiis apoptosis in patients with T1DM and will help to understand more deeply the pathogenesis of the disease. in this article, the features of proliferative response of peripheral blood T-cells in patients with T1DM and in individuals with high risk of developing T1DM have been studied. Apoptosis of T-cell subpopulations has been investigated. The correlation between the apoptotic markers and the intensity of spontaneous and activation- induced in vitro T-cells proliferation of was revealed. it was determined, that autoreactive peripheral blood T-cells were resistant to apoptosis and demonstrated the increased proliferative potential in patients with T1DM and in individuals with high risk of developing T1DM.

DETERMINATION OF BLOOD CORTICOIDS USING THE IN VITRO RESIN UPTAKE OF 3H-PREDNISOLONE

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Nakajima ◽  
Mitsunori Murala ◽  
Masumitsu Nakata ◽  
Takeshi Naruse ◽  
Seiji Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Suppression Test

ABSTRACT The in vitro resin uptake of 3H-prednisolone was used for the determination of blood cortisol after addition of radioactive prednisolone followed by Amberlite CG 400 Type 1 to the test serum, and incubation of the mixture. The radioactivity of the supernatant was compared before and after the addition of the resin. The principle of this method is similar to that of the 131I-triiodothyronine resin uptake for the thyroid function test. The tests for the specificity, reproducibility and sensitivity gave satisfactory results. The mean basal value ± SD of the 3H-prednisolone resin uptake was 35.3 ± 9.2% in normal subjects, and 27.1 ± 4.8% in pregnant women. This method was valid in various adrenal function tests, i. e. the adrenal circadian rhythm, corticotrophin (ACTH) test, dexamethasone suppression test and the adrenal response to lysine-8-vasopressin. It proved to be a sensitive indicator of the adrenal function. These results suggest that this method should be useful for a routine adrenal function test.

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