scholarly journals Manufacturing of low-cost, high-performance large composite structure by electron beam curing (EBC).

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Koji KAMIMURA ◽  
Pierre PARROT
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electron Beam Curing

Properties of High-Performance Porous SiOC Low-kFilm Fabricated Using Electron-Beam Curing

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (6A) ◽  
pp. 3872-3878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoda ◽  
Keiji Fujita ◽  
Hideshi Miyajima ◽  
Rempei Nakata ◽  
Naoto Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electron Beam Curing

Structural Studies of High-Performance Low-kDielectric Materials Improved by Electron-Beam Curing

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (1A) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoda ◽  
Yasushi Nakasaki ◽  
Hideki Hashimoto ◽  
Keiji Fujita ◽  
Hideshi Miyajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Electron Beam Curing

Micro-engineered Nanowire Electron Source for Atomic Resolution Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yu Jimbo ◽  
Akira Niwata ◽  
Akihiro Ikeda ◽  
Akira Yasuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Angular Deviation ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Emission Volume ◽  
Forming Efficiency

Abstract The size tunability and chemical versatility of nanostructures provide attractive engineering potential to realize an electron source of high brightness and spatial temporal coherence, which is a characteristic ever pursued by high resolution electron microscopy. (1–3) Regardless of the intensive research efforts, electron sources that have ever produced atomic resolution images are still limited to the conventional field emitters based on a bulk W needle. It is due to the lack of fabrication precision for nanostructured sources, that is required to align a nanometric emission volume along a macroscopic emitter axis with sub-degree angular deviation. (4) In this work, we produced a LaB6 nanowire electron source which was micro-engineered to ensure a highly collimated electron beam with perfect lateral and angular alignment. Such electron source was validated by installing in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, where atomic resolution in both broad-beam and probe-forming modes were demonstrated at 60kV beam energy. The recorded un-monochromated 0.20eV electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) resolution, together with 20% probe forming efficiency and 0.4% probe current peak-to-peak noise ratio under a wide vacuum range, presented the unique advantages of nanotechnology and promised high performance low-cost electron beam instruments.

Comparison of UV- and Derivative-Spectrophotometric and HPTLC UVDensitometric Methods for the Determination of Amrinone and Milrinone in Bulk Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Marcin Gackowski ◽  
Marcin Koba ◽  
Stefan Kruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Derivative Spectrophotometry ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Standard Solutions

Background: Spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography have been commonly applied in pharmaceutical analysis for many years due to low cost, simplicity and short time of execution. Moreover, the latest modifications including automation of those methods have made them very effective and easy to perform, therefore, the new UV- and derivative spectrophotometry as well as high performance thin layer chromatography UV-densitometric (HPTLC) methods for the routine estimation of amrinone and milrinone in pharmaceutical formulation have been developed and compared in this work since European Pharmacopoeia 9.0 has yet incorporated in an analytical monograph a method for quantification of those compounds. Methods: For the first method the best conditions for quantification were achieved by measuring the lengths between two extrema (peak-to-peak amplitudes) 252 and 277 nm in UV spectra of standard solutions of amrinone and a signal at 288 nm of the first derivative spectra of standard solutions of milrinone. The linearity between D252-277 signal and concentration of amironone and 1D288 signal of milrinone in the same range of 5.0-25.0 μg ml/ml in DMSO:methanol (1:3 v/v) solutions presents the square correlation coefficient (r2) of 0,9997 and 0.9991, respectively. The second method was founded on HPTLC on silica plates, 1,4-dioxane:hexane (100:1.5) as a mobile phase and densitometric scanning at 252 nm for amrinone and at 271 nm for milrinone. Results: The assays were linear over the concentration range of 0,25-5.0 μg per spot (r2=0,9959) and 0,25-10.0 μg per spot (r2=0,9970) for amrinone and milrinone, respectively. The mean recoveries percentage were 99.81 and 100,34 for amrinone as well as 99,58 and 99.46 for milrinone, obtained with spectrophotometry and HPTLC, respectively. Conclusion: The comparison between two elaborated methods leads to the conclusion that UV and derivative spectrophotometry is more precise and gives better recovery, and that is why it should be applied for routine estimation of amrinone and milrinone in bulk drug, pharmaceutical forms and for therapeutic monitoring of the drug.

Azo (Hydrazone) pigments: general principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Physical Form

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the general chemical principles underlying the structures, synthesis and technical performance of azo pigments, the dominant chemical class of industrial organic pigments in the yellow, orange, and red shade areas, both numerically and in terms of tonnage manufactured. A description of the most significant historical features in this group of pigments is provided, starting from the discovery of the chemistry on which azo colorants are based by Griess in the mid-nineteenth century, through the commercial introduction of the most important classical azo pigments in the early twentieth century, including products known as the Hansa Yellows, β-naphthol reds, including metal salt pigments, and the diarylide yellows and oranges, to the development in the 1950s and 1960s of two classes of azo pigments that exhibit high performance, disazo condensation pigments and benzimidazolone-based azo pigments. A feature that complicates the description of the chemical structures of azo pigments is that they exist in the solid state as the ketohydrazone rather than the hydroxyazo form, in which they have been traditionally been illustrated. Numerous structural studies conducted over the years on an extensive range of azo pigments have demonstrated this feature. In this text, they are referred to throughout as azo (hydrazone) pigments. Since a common synthetic procedure is used in the manufacture of virtually all azo (hydrazone) pigments, this is discussed in some detail, including practical aspects. The procedure brings together two organic components as the fundamental starting materials, a diazo component and a coupling component. An important reason for the dominance of azo (hydrazone) pigments is that they are highly cost-effective. The syntheses generally involve low cost, commodity organic starting materials and are carried out in water as the reaction solvent, which offers obvious economic and environmental advantages. The versatility of the approach means that an immense number of products may be prepared, so that they have been adapted structurally to meet the requirements of many applications. On an industrial scale, the processes are straightforward, making use of simple, multi-purpose chemical plant. Azo pigments may be produced in virtually quantitative yields and the processes are carried out at or below ambient temperatures, thus presenting low energy requirements. Finally, provided that careful control of the reaction conditions is maintained, azo pigments may be prepared directly by an aqueous precipitation process that can optimise physical form, with control of particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and surface character. The applications of azo pigments are outlined, with more detail reserved for subsequent papers on individual products.

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