scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AS CONTAMINANTS IN THE THERMOPLASTICS RECYCLING PROCESS

10.6036/10102 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
CRISTINA PAOLA PAVON VARGAS ◽  
MIGUEL FERNANDO ALDAS CARRASCO ◽  
JOSE MIGUEL FERRI ◽  
DAVID BERTOMEU ◽  
FRANCISZEK PAWLAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Peak ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pp Blends

In this work, the presence of biodegradable polymers in recycled plastic materials was characterized using readily available techniques. Recycled polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were studied. The contamination of these plastics with polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) was simulated using 10 wt.% of the contaminant. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used as characterization techniques. In addition, the effect of aging on recycled products from PET blends contaminated with TPS and PHB was studied. The results show changes in the intensity of the FTIR spectra bands of the PS and PP blends contaminated with biodegradable polymers. By DSC, changes in the cold crystallization peak of recycled PET are observed when mixed with TPS and PHB. When the contaminant is PLA, the changes are masked due to the thermal characteristics of both materials. In PS, changes in the calorimetric curves are identified by the presence of PLA and PHB. Contamination with PLA, PHB and TPS hinders the processing of recycled PET after one year of storage due to the aging of the material.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Crosslinked Polymers Synthesized from Functionalized Soybean Oil and Squalene by Thiol–Ene UV Curing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Sigita Grauzeliene ◽  
Deimante Valaityte ◽  
Greta Motiekaityte ◽  
Jolita Ostrauskaite
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crosslinked Polymers ◽  
Plastic Materials

The development of polymers photopolymerized from renewable resources are extensively growing as fulfills green chemistry and green engineering principles. With the rapid growth of consumerism, research on innovative starting materials for the preparation of polymers may help to reduce the negative impact of petroleum-based plastic materials on the global ecosystem and on animal and human health. Therefore, bio-based crosslinked polymers have been synthesized from functionalized soybean oil and squalene by thiol–ene ultra-violet (UV) curing. First, thiol–ene UV curing of squalene was performed to introduce thiol functional groups. Then, hexathiolated squalene was used as a crosslinker in click UV curing of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil. Two photoinitiators, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone and ethylphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate, were tested in different quantities. Rheological properties of the resins were monitored by real-time photorheometry. The characterization of obtained polymers was performed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and Shore A hardness measurements. Polymers possessed higher storage modulus, thermal characteristics, Shore A hardness, and lower swelling value when ethylphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate was used as photoinitiator.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Thermal Characteristics of Different Cultivars of Flaxseed Oil (Linum usittatissimum L.)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Jolanta Tomaszewska-Gras ◽  
Mahbuba Islam ◽  
Liliana Grzeca ◽  
Anna Kaczmarek ◽  
Emilia Fornal
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Linear Correlations

The aim of this study was to describe the thermal properties of selected cultivars of flaxseed oil by the use of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The crystallization and melting profiles were analyzed depending on different scanning rates (1, 2, 5 °C/min) as well as oxidative induction time (OIT) isothermally at 120 °C and 140 °C, and oxidation onset temperatures (Ton) at 2 and 5 °C/min were measured. The crystallization was manifested as a single peak, differing for a cooling rate of 1 and 2 °C/min. The melting curves were more complex with differences among the cultivars for a heating rate of 1 and 2 °C/min, while for 5 °C/min, the profiles did not differ, which could be utilized in analytics for profiling in order to assess the authenticity of the flaxseed oil. Moreover, it was observed that flaxseed oil was highly susceptible to thermal oxidation, and its stability decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing heating rate. Significant negative linear correlations were found between unsaturated fatty acid content (C18:2, C18:3 n-3) and DSC parameters (OIT, Ton). Principal component analysis (PCA) also established a strong correlation between total oxidation value (TOTOX), peroxide value (PV) and all DSC parameters of thermo-oxidative stability.

scholarly journals Study of the Preparation and Properties of TPS/PBSA/PLA Biodegradable Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
Yuke Zhong ◽  
Qifeng Shi ◽  
Sen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Biodegradable Composites ◽  
Phase Compatibility

Thermoplastic starch/butyl glycol ester copolymer/polylactic acid (TPS/PBSA/PLA) biodegradable composites were prepared by melt-mixing. The structure, microstructure, mechanical properties and heat resistance of the TPS/PBSA/PLA composites were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test and thermogravimetry tests, respectively. The results showed that PBSA or PLA could bind to TPS by hydrogen bonding. SEM analysis showed that the composite represents an excellent dispersion and satisfied two-phase compatibility when the PLA, TPS and PBSA blended by a mass ration of 10, 30, and 60. The mechanical properties and the heat resistance of TPS/PBSA/PLA composite were improved by adding PLA with content less than 10%, according to the testing results.

scholarly journals Rheological, Thermal, Superficial, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Achira Starch Modified with Lactic Acid and Oleic Acid

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Caicedo ◽  
Rocío Yaneli Aguirre Loredo ◽  
Abril Fonseca García ◽  
Omar Hernán Ossa ◽  
Aldo Vázquez Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Acid Agent

The modification of achira starch a thermoplastic biopolymer is shown. Glycerol and sorbitol, common plasticizers, were used in the molten state with organic acids such as oleic acid and lactic acid obtaining thermodynamically more stable products. The proportion of starch:plasticizer was 70:30, and the acid agent was added in portions from 3%, 6%, and 9% by weight. These mixtures were obtained in a torque rheometer for 10 min at 130 °C. The lactic acid managed to efficiently promote the gelatinization process by increasing the available polar sites towards the surface of the material; as a result, there were lower values in the contact angle, these results were corroborated with the analysis performed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results derived from oscillatory rheological analysis had a viscous behavior in the thermoplastic starch samples and with the presence of acids; this behavior favors the transitions from viscous to elastic. The mixture of sorbitol or glycerol with lactic acid promoted lower values of the loss module, the storage module, and the complex viscosity, which means lower residual energy in the transition of the viscous state to the elastic state; this allows the compounds to be scaled to conventional polymer transformation processes.

scholarly journals Ecofriendly Preparation and Characterization of a Cassava Starch/Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate Film

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Tan Yi ◽  
Minghui Qi ◽  
Qi Mo ◽  
Lijie Huang ◽  
Hanyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Nano Zno

Composite films of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) were prepared by adding thermoplastic starch (TPS) (TPS/PBAT) and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) (TPS/PBAT/nano-ZnO). The changes of surface morphology, thermal properties, crystal types and functional groups of starch during plasticization were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, synchronous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, mechanical property tests, and contact Angle and transmittance tests. The relationship between the addition of TPS and the tensile strength, transmittance, contact angle, water absorption, and water vapor barrier of the composite film, and the influence of nano-ZnO on the mechanical properties and contact angle of the 10% TPS/PBAT composite film. Experimental results show that, after plasticizing, the crystalline form of starch changed from A-type to V-type, the functional group changed and the lipophilicity increased; the increase of TPS content, the light transmittance and mechanical properties of the composite membrane decreased, while the water vapor transmittance and water absorption increased. The mechanical properties of the composite can be significantly improved by adding nano-ZnO at a lower concentration (optimum content is 1 wt%).

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Talc Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polypropylene Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Govorčin Bajsić ◽  
Vesna Rek ◽  
Ivana Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Better Than

The effect of the addition of talc on the morphology and thermal properties of blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The blends of TPU and PP are incompatible because of large differences in polarities between the nonpolar crystalline PP and polar TPU and high interfacial tensions. The interaction between TPU and PP can be improved by using talc as reinforcing filler. The morphology was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the neat polymers and unfilled and talc filled TPU/PP blends were studied by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of talc in TPU/PP blends improved miscibility in all investigated TPU/T/PP blends. The DSC results for talc filled TPU/PP blends show that the degree of crystallinity increased, which is due to the nucleating effect induced by talc particles. The reason for the increased storage modulus of blends with the incorporation of talc is due to the improved interface between polymers and filler. According to TGA results, the addition of talc enhanced thermal stability. The homogeneity of the talc filled TPU/PP blends is better than unfilled TPU/PP blends.

Preparation and Characterization of Ni2+-Montmorillonite/Polyvinyl Alcohol Water-Soluble Nanocomposite Film

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Yun-Pu Wang ◽  
Fa-Ai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Silicate Layers

A new type of nano-composite film was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol, Ni2+-montmorillonite (Ni2+-MMT), defoamer, a levelling agent and a plasticizer. Its thermal characteristics were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The intermolecular interactions were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were measured. The microstructures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FT-IR and XPS spectra indicated that cross-linking has taken place between PVA and Ni2+-MMT. XRD and AFM indicate that the PVA molecules had inserted themselves into the silicate layers of MMT, exfoliating them and dispersing them randomly into the PVA matrix. Compared to pure PVA film, the TS of the films was increased and %E decreased when the Ni2+-Montmorillonite was added and the dissolution temperature of the film was also reduced.

scholarly journals Monitoring the degradation of partly decomposable plastic foils

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Gabriella Rétháti ◽  
Krisztina Pogácsás ◽  
Tamás Heffner ◽  
Barbara Simon ◽  
Imre Czinkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract We have monitored the behaviour of different polyethylene foils including virgin medium density polyethylene (MDPE), MDPE containing pro-oxydative additives (238, 242) and MDPE with pro-oxydative additives and thermoplastic starch (297) in the soil for a period of one year. A foil based on a blend of polyester and polylactic acid (BASF Ecovio) served as degradable control. The experiment was carried out by weekly measurements of conductivity and capacity of the soil, since the setup was analogous to a condenser, of which the insulating layer was the foil itself. The twelve replications allowed monthly sampling; the specimen taken out from the soil each month were tested visually for thickness, mechanical properties, morphological and structural changes, and molecular mass. Based on the obtained capacity values, we found that among the polyethylene foils, the one that contained thermoplastic starch extenuated the most. This foil had the greatest decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break due to the presence of thermoplastic starch. The starch can completely degrade in the soil; thus, the foil had cracks and pores. The polyethylene foils that contained pro-oxydant additives showed smaller external change compared to the virgin foil, since there was no available UV radiation and oxygen for their degradation. The smallest change occurred in the virgin polyethylene foil. Among the five examined samples, the commercially available BASF foil showed the largest extenuation and external change, and it deteriorated the most in the soil.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Nature of Redox-Active Moieties on the Properties of Redox-Active Ionic Liquids and on Their Use as Electrolyte for Supercapacitors

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6344
Author(s):  
Philipp S. Borchers ◽  
Patrick Gerlach ◽  
Yihan Liu ◽  
Martin D. Hager ◽  
Andrea Balducci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquids ◽  
Redox Active

In this work, two new redox-active ionic liquids, one based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide and the other based on 4,4′-bipyridine, are synthesized and characterized. A ferrocene-based redox-active ionic liquid is used for referencing the results. All ionic liquids are formed via salt-metathesis from halogenate to bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Their fundamental thermal characteristics are assessed with differential scanning calorimetry. While the imidazolium ionic liquids show no melting point, the phase transition is well observable for the viologen-based ionic liquid. The properties of the neat redox-active ionic liquids and of binary mixtures containing these ionic liquids (0.1 m) and 1-butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide have been investigated. Finally, the use of these binary mixtures in combination with activated carbon-based electrodes has been considered in view of the use of these redox-active electrolytes in supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Impact of environmental agents on non-woven polylactide/natural rubber agrofiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 07034
Author(s):  
Yulia Tertyshnaya ◽  
Maksim Zakharov ◽  
Alina Ivanitskikh ◽  
Anatoliy Popov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

In the work an eco-friendly non-woven fiber made of polylactide and natural rubber with a rubber content from 0 to 15 wt.% was obtained by electrospinning. The influence of distilled water and UV irradiation on the agrofibers has been investigated. The water sorption test showed that the addition of natural rubber into the polylactide matrix does not significantly affect the degree of water absorption of the fibrous materials, which is in the range of 49-50.6%. Thermal characteristics after 180 days of degradation in distilled water at 22±2 oC and UV irradiation at a wavelength of 365 nm during 100 hours were determined using the differential scanning calorimetry. Changes in the values for glass transition and melting temperatures, and the degree of crystallinity were determined.

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