Iodine number of wool: A method for determining the action of various chemical reagents on wool and other proteins

The most essential scientifific and practical task in the area of ecological safety of pipelines operation is the development and improvement of methods of purifification and restoration of oil-contaminated soils. One of the most effificient and cost effective methods is electrochemical purifification, that does not require the use of expensive chemical reagents and soil excavation. However, the consideration of non-uniform contamination of various soil sections is required. The article examines the features of the organization and technological infrastructure for electrochemical purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soils when using a single electrical energy source, a method for calculating the design parameters of the corresponding installation is proposed. Effificient purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soil when using a specifified voltage is possible through the use of different-sized electrodes. For each soil type, the amount of transmitted electric charge required for soil purifification is determined by the concentration of the contaminant. Allocation of cathodes and anodes as parallel batteries and their connection using individual buses is an effective and energy-effificient solution, since an almost-uniform electric fifield is created in an inter-electrode space, thus allowing the reduction of the interelectrode resistance of the medium.

Download Full-text

Determination of the amount of volatile acids in oxidized wines and neutralization of these by using chemical reagents and biological materials

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01339-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ljiljana M. Babincev ◽

Srđan Jović

Keyword(s):

Biological Materials ◽

Chemical Reagents

Download Full-text

Analysis of the Pyrolytic Behaviour of Birch, Maple, and Rowan Leaves

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2091

Author(s):

Valentina Zubkova ◽

Andrzej Strojwas ◽

Marcin Bielecki

Keyword(s):

Combustion Products ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Chemical Reagents ◽

Urban Greenery ◽

Volatile Products ◽

Different Types ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Xrd Techniques ◽

Lower Contribution

A research study was conducted on the thermal behaviour of leaves of urban greenery (birch, maple, and rowan) and the products of their pyrolysis and extraction as assisted by microwaves. The obtained products of pyrolysis and extraction were investigated with the use of FT-IR and UV spectroscopies and XRD techniques. A contractive analysis of samples of chars, condensates, after-extraction residue, and extracts showed that the changes in structural-chemical parameters of leaves of different types of trees during pyrolysis and extraction take place in distinct ways. About 22% of material was removed from birch leaves during extraction, and more than 17% of material was extracted from maple and rowan leaves. It was determined that, during pyrolysis of after-extraction residue of leaves, many fewer PAH compounds with carbonyl groups along with alcohols and phenols are emitted than during pyrolysis of non-extracted leaves. Taking into account that pyrolysis is the first stage of combustion, a decrease in the amount of dangerous compounds in the volatile products of pyrolysis leads to a lower contribution of such compounds in combustion products. This indicates that leaves of urban greenery can be subjected to combustion after extraction, and the obtained extracts can be used as a source of phytochemicals and chemical reagents.

Download Full-text

Novel Synthesis of 4-Bromo-3-oxo-2-phenylhydrazonobutyronitrile and 4-Cyano-3-oxo-2-phenylhydrazonobutyronitrile: Synthesis of Pyridazine, Thiazole, 1,2,4-Triazine and Pyrido[2,3-e]-1,2,4-triazine Derivatives

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19921758 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1758-1769 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rafat Milad Mohareb ◽

Nadia Iskander Abdel-Sayed

Keyword(s):

Thiazole Derivatives ◽

Chemical Reagents ◽

Novel Synthesis ◽

Triazine Derivatives ◽

Nucleophilic Reagents

4-Bromo-3-oxo-2-phenylhydrazono-butyronitrile (II) reacted with thioamides to afford the thiazole derivatives III and VI. Compound II reacted with nucleophilic reagents to afford XIIIa and XIIIb. The reactivity of XIIIa with some chemical reagents was studied to afford pyridazine, thiazole, 1,2,4-triazine derivatives.

Download Full-text

Facile Synthesis of L-Cysteine Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots as a Bioimaging and Photosensitive Agent

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1879

Author(s):

Mila Milenković ◽

Aleksandra Mišović ◽

Dragana Jovanović ◽

Ana Popović Bijelić ◽

Gabriele Ciasca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Hela Cells ◽

Graphene Quantum Dots ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Paramagnetic Resonance ◽

Chemical Reagents ◽

Amino Amide ◽

Gamma Irradiated ◽

Electron Paramagnetic

Nowadays, a larger number of aggressive and corrosive chemical reagents as well as toxic solvents are used to achieve structural modification and cleaning of the final products. These lead to the production of residual, waste chemicals, which are often reactive, cancerogenic, and toxic to the environment. This study shows a new approach to the modification of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using gamma irradiation where the usage of reagents was avoided. We achieved the incorporation of S and N atoms in the GQD structure by selecting an aqueous solution of L-cysteine as an irradiation medium. GQDs were exposed to gamma-irradiation at doses of 25, 50 and 200 kGy. After irradiation, the optical, structural, and morphological properties, as well as the possibility of their use as an agent in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy, were studied. We measured an enhanced quantum yield of photoluminescence with the highest dose of 25 kGy (21.60%). Both S- and N-functional groups were detected in all gamma-irradiated GQDs: amino, amide, thiol, and thione. Spin trap electron paramagnetic resonance showed that GQDs irradiated with 25 kGy can generate singlet oxygen upon illumination. Bioimaging on HeLa cells showed the best visibility for cells treated with GQDs irradiated with 25 kGy, while cytotoxicity was not detected after treatment of HeLa cells with gamma-irradiated GQDs.

Download Full-text

On-site visible–near IR prediction of iodine number and fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat of raw hams as phenotypes for a heavy pig breeding program

animal ◽

10.1016/j.animal.2020.100073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 100073

Author(s):

V. Bonfatti ◽

E. Boschi ◽

L. Gallo ◽

P. Carnier

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Iodine Number ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Near Ir ◽

Heavy Pig

Download Full-text

Multiplexed In Situ Protein Profiling with High-Performance Cleavable Fluorescent Tyramide

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2206

Author(s):

Thai Pham ◽

Renjie Liao ◽

Joshua Labaer ◽

Jia Guo

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Single Cells ◽

Protein Quantification ◽

Cellular Systems ◽

Protein Profiling ◽

High Signal ◽

Protein Targets ◽

Chemical Reagents ◽

Ffpe Tissues

Understanding the composition, function and regulation of complex cellular systems requires tools that quantify the expression of multiple proteins at their native cellular context. Here, we report a highly sensitive and accurate protein in situ profiling approach using off-the-shelf antibodies and cleavable fluorescent tyramide (CFT). In each cycle of this method, protein targets are stained with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated antibodies and CFT. Subsequently, the fluorophores are efficiently cleaved by mild chemical reagents, which simultaneously deactivate HRP. Through reiterative cycles of protein staining, fluorescence imaging, fluorophore cleavage, and HRP deactivation, multiplexed protein quantification in single cells in situ can be achieved. We designed and synthesized the high-performance CFT, and demonstrated that over 95% of the staining signals can be erased by mild chemical reagents while preserving the integrity of the epitopes on protein targets. Applying this method, we explored the protein expression heterogeneity and correlation in a group of genetically identical cells. With the high signal removal efficiency, this approach also enables us to accurately profile proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in the order of low to high and also high to low expression levels.

Download Full-text