scholarly journals Education during the COVID-19: crisis Opportunities and constraints of using EdTech in low-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Jordan ◽  
Raluca David ◽  
Toby Phillips ◽  
Arnaldo Pellini
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Learning Gap ◽  
The Right ◽  
Business As Usual

La pandemia de Covid-19 ha marcado el comienzo de un período de interrupción educativa a una escala sin precedentes. Durante este tiempo de crisis, la educación no funcionará como de costumbre y EdTech por sí sola no puede cerrar la brecha de aprendizaje. Serán maestros dedicados y educadores resilientes quienes se asegurarán de que el aprendizaje no se detenga, pero las herramientas de EdTech adecuadas podrían ayudarlos. Sin embargo, la brecha digital significa que el acceso a Internet y a las redes móviles varía mucho en los países de ingresos medios y bajos. En este documento de debate, exploramos algunas de las limitaciones clave de utilizar EdTech a escala para apoyar la educación en países de bajos ingresos en un momento de crisis, y destacamoslas oportunidades que han surgido hasta ahora, en un contexto que cambia rápidamente. Nos basamos en la evidencia y los ejemplos para fundamentar las decisiones políticas y de programación, pasando de la respuesta de emergencia inicial a la construcción de resiliencia a largo plazo, y planificando para diagnosticar y tratar las brechas de aprendizaje que han surgido durante la crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic has ushered in a period of educational disruption on an unprecedented scale. During this time of crisis, education will not be business as usual, and EdTech alone cannot close the learning gap. It will be dedicated teachers and resilient educators who will ensure learning doesn’t st op — but they could be helped by the right EdTech tools. However, the digital divide means that internet and mobile network access varies greatly in middle and low - income countries. In this discussion paper, we explore some of the key constraints of using EdTech at scale to support education in low - income countries at a time of crisis, and highlight the opportunities that have so far emerged, in a rapidly - changing context. We draw upon evidence and examples to inform policy and programming decisions, moving from the initial emergency response to building resilience in the longer term, and planning to diagnose and treat the learning gaps that have emerged during the crisis.

scholarly journals The Right to Education and ICT during COVID-19: An International Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9091
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Lázaro Lorente ◽  
Ana Ancheta Arrabal ◽  
Cristina Pulido-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

There is a lack of concluding evidence among epidemiologists and public health specialists about how school closures reduce the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we attend to the generalization of this action throughout the world, specifically in its quest to reduce mortality and avoid infections. Considering the impact on the right to education from a global perspective, this article discusses how COVID-19 has exacerbated inequalities and pre-existing problems in education systems around the world. Therefore, the institutional responses to guaranteeing remote continuity of the teaching–learning process during this educational crisis was compared regionally through international databases. Three categories of analysis were established: infrastructure and equipment, both basic and computer-based, as well as internet access of schools; preparation and means of teachers to develop distance learning; and implemented measures and resources to continue educational processes. The results showed an uneven capacity in terms of response and preparation to face the learning losses derived from school closure, both in low-income regions and within middle- and high-income countries. We concluded that it is essential to articulate inclusive educational policies that support strengthening the government response capacity, especially in low-income countries, to address the sustainability of education.

scholarly journals Pursuit of the Red Passport: Perceptions of Global Citizenship Among Low-paid Global Workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Global Citizenship ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Right

The movement of people around the world for the sole purpose of their labour has existed for hundreds of years and is at the root of a growing capitalist regime. Today, millions of people, particularly from low-income countries, are forced to move without their families across borders to high-income countries in order to send home remittances to help their families survive. The control of their global movement is based on a system of borders and visa regulations, where their passports, determined by their citizenship, offer very limited global mobility. This article explores the current context of low-paid labour migration in relation to global citizenship and global mobility rights. Workers interviewed in Canada, parts of Europe and Asia (n=24) describe their quests for the freedom of global mobility and navigating citizenship systems in order to obtain a strong passport/citizenship, also known as the “red passport.” The fight for the red passport and the right to global mobility is linked to their understandings of true global citizenship.

scholarly journals Utilizing Chair Massage to Address One Woman’s Health in Rural Ghana West Africa: a Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Cathy J. Meryanos, LMT, AAS
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Rehabilitative Services ◽  
The Right

Background and Objectives: There is limited access to health care in rural Ghana and virtually no rehabilitative services available. This situation presents a unique opportunity to utilizechair massage in addressing women’s health in rural Ghana, particularly when it comes to muscle pain and fatigue from heavy labor. The objective of this case report is to determine the results of chair massage as a strategy to reduce neck, shoulder, and back pain, while increasing range of motion.Case Presentation: The patient is a 63-year old Ghanaian female, who was struck by a public transport van while carrying a 30–50 pound load on her head, two years prior. The accident resulted in a broken right humerus and soft tissue pain. A traditional medicine practitioner set the bone, however there was no post-accident rehabilitation available. At the time of referral, she presented complaints of shoulder, elbow, and wrist pain. In addition, she was unable to raise her right hand to hermouth for food intake.Results: The results of this case report include an increase in range of motion, as well as elimination of pain in the right shoulder, elbow, and hand. Visual assessments showed an approximate increase of ROM within the ranges of 45–65 degrees in the right arm, as well as 10–15 degrees in 4th and 5th fingers. There was also a decrease in muscle hypertonicity in the thoracic and cervical areas, and a profound increase in quality of life for the patient.Discussion: This case report illustrates how therapeutic chair massage was utilized to address a common health concern for one woman in rural Ghana. It also demonstrates that pre-existing musculoskeletal disorders and pain may be eliminated with massage intervention. Massage therapy may be important to ameliorating certain types of health problems in remote rural villages in low income countries.

scholarly journals Triage for low income countries: is ESI truly the way forward?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5003
Author(s):  
Emaduddin Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Daniyal ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Raffay Khan ◽  
Saif ul Islam Siddiqui ◽  
Zain ul Islam Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Triage System ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Patient Dissatisfaction ◽  
Physician Time ◽  
The Right

A triage desk at the doorstep of an emergency department (ED) is to “sort, select or prioritize” presenting patients as per their clinical needs. Many triage systems exist globally, however, the need and/or practical applicability of any triage is dictated by the hospital system and setting. In low-income/developing countries, the triage system must be capable and proficient enough to pair the right patient with the most appropriate management. Ineffective and/or in-efficient triage leads to overcrowding, delays, inappropriate resource utilization and patient dissatisfaction. A sizeable proportion of triage systems rely on three to five levels/tiers. Five level triage systems, such as the Australian Triage System (ATS) and the Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (CTAS), to name a few, are widely used worldwide. Based on door-to-physician time, these systems not only allow the institution to monitor and meet the timelines recommended by the institution policies, but have also been identified as an effective triage tool hence widely adopted in hospitals of developed countries. However, both ATS and CTAS are time-consuming and require skilled and qualified nursing staff to process it. On the other hand, the ESI (Emergency Severity Index) scale which is also a 5-level triage system, categorizes patients based on resource requirement and severity of the patient’s condition. Although ESI is in the developing phase, it is proving to be nurse-friendly and reliable in both intra and inter-rated conditions. The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the merits and pitfalls of the ESI system, in addition to proposing further modifications, in order to fulfill the needs of a developing country.

Food price spikes: Is a cereal export ban the right response for Ethiopia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Emerta A Aragie ◽  
Jean Balié ◽  
Cristian Morales -Opazo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Price Hike ◽  
The Right ◽  
Domestic Food

Following the price hikes of 2007–2008 and 2010–2011, many governments in low-income countries implemented food export bans. While several studies investigate the macroeconomic impacts of such bans on large net exporters of grains, only very few country case studies have examined the economy-wide and distributional effects combined. Further, there is a lack of rigorous studies that explicitly analyse cereal export bans as policy responses to external price shocks and their net combined effects, both in the immediate and in the short run. This article evaluates this situation for the case of Ethiopia, a net food-importing country. We find that international price shocks not only do affect domestic prices but could also considerably suppress domestic food production and supplies. A cereal export ban can help stabilize domestic food prices but cannot fully erase the price hike. We, however, note that the ban further discourages domestic cereal production and reduces rural households’ welfare.

scholarly journals Unbending the Winding Path of a Low-Income Country’s Energy Sector amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Malawi

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7184
Author(s):  
Collen Zalengera ◽  
Maxon L. Chitawo ◽  
Isaac Chitedze ◽  
Long Seng To ◽  
Vincent Mwale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Continuity Of Operations ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the impact of COVID-19’s vulnerability context on Malawi’s Energy Sector and outlines mechanisms for enhancing Malawi’s energy-sector resilience based on experiences from a range of stakeholders. The investigation was conducted online by inviting purposively selected stakeholders to create presentations responding to thematic questions. The final sample had 19 stakeholders with representation from policy-makers, regulatory bodies, national grid supply players, off-grid players, development agencies, bankers, professional bodies, civil society, and women’s rights bodies. The presentations from the stakeholders highlighted how COVID-19 affects the operation costs of energy systems and implementation of energy systems projects in areas that require stimulus packages to contain energy system delivery costs and prevent disruption of essential services amid the COVID-19 pandemic. These services include stakeholder responses to COVID-19 in the energy sector, the role of digital payments particularly when purchasing electricity units, and the state of third-party service providers such as banks and mobile network operators to enhance preparedness and continuity of operations for the energy sector. Based on the findings in these thematic areas and an application of systems thinking in the analysis, the paper finally makes recommendations on how Malawi and similar low-income countries can strategise to enhance energy systems resilience.

Preserving Debt Sustainability in Low-Income Countries in the Wake of the Global Crisis

Policy Papers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Financial Architecture ◽  
International Financial Architecture ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Collective Goals

We cannot allow the return of economic stability to signify a return to "business as usual" for the IMF. The crisis exposed huge cracks in the international financial architecture of which the Fund is a key part. We have an historic responsibility to fix them. I urge all of us to recommit to seeing our collective goals to the finish line before reform fatigue sets in.

scholarly journals Editorial

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Rautenbach
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Market Manipulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

This issue of PER consists of 11 articles and one case note dealing with a wide range of topics in the global legal landscape. Monray Botha analyses the responsibility of South African companies towards their employees for achieving social justice in the corporate world. Fawzia Cassim examines how identity thieves use the personal information of individuals to commit identity fraud and theft, and looks at legislative solutions introduced in South Africa, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and India to combat identity theft crimes. Howard Chitimira discusses the regulation of market manipulation in Australia with the purpose of assessing if lessons can be learnt from it for South Africa. Leentjie de Jong deals with parenting coordination, a new alternative dispute resolution process to alleviate the negative effects of high-conflict co-parenting cases on the South African court system and the children of divorce. Yvonne Donders investigates the cultural dimensions of the right to health endorsed by several treaty provisions and treaty monitoring bodies and comes to the conclusion that states can implement the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health in a culturally sensitive and responsible way by consulting cultural communities and individuals. Joel Modiri reflects on the development of a radical democratic political theory that shifts analytical and conceptual registers in which the relationship between law and poverty is conventionally addressed and argues for the creation of a radical alternative that defatalizes the present. Stephen Peté's unconventional historical examination of the Barberton Prison Complex during the 1980s is published in two parts. The first part deals with the deaths of three prisoners and the injury of many others during a day of violence at the Barberton prison farm on 29 December 1982 and the second part examines a string of violent incidents which occurred within the Barberton Prison Complex during the course of 1983, leading to nine inmate deaths. Robbie Robinson raises the question of whether or not the constitutionally entrenched right to make decisions concerning reproduction may be limited, as the continued existence of the State may ultimately be jeopardised if the size of the population is not limited to the available levels of subsistence. Olufemi Soyejudiscusses the incapacity of low-income countries to realise the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to make a case for the adoption of a development-driven approach to law as a linchpin for the post-2015 development agenda. Carmel van Niekerk considers the constitutionality of section 294 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005, which permits commissioning parents to engage in surrogacy arrangements only in instances where they are able to provide a genetic link to their future offspring. In the only case note, Salona Lutchman evaluates the implications ofSS v Litako 2014 SACR 431 (SCA): A Clarification on Extra Curial Statements and Hearsay.

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