scholarly journals Repercusiones de jugar sin público en la ventaja local, las decisiones arbitrales y en los componentes del juego

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-212
Author(s):  
Álvaro Jiménez Sánchez ◽  
José M. Lavín ◽  
Fernando Endara
Keyword(s):  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Psychological Preparation ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Football ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Situation ◽  
At Home

La facilitación social determina que la presencia de espectadores en los eventos deportivos es un factor favorable a la hora de jugar en casa. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la diferencia de puntos y goles en función de la presencia o ausencia de multitud, así como estudiar los posibles cambios en las decisiones arbitrales y en el estilo de juego tanto para los equipos locales como para los visitantes ante esta nueva situación generada por la pandemia del COVID-19. La muestra está conformada por los partidos jugados en la temporada 2019-2020 correspondientes a ocho ligas de fútbol europeo: Alemania, España, Italia, Inglaterra y Austria. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias significativas entre jugar con público o sin él, excepto en la primera categoría alemana y española. Sin embargo, se observa un aumento en los componentes defensivos y una reducción en los ofensivos en los equipos que juegan en casa sin espectadores. Como consecuencia, también hay cambios en las decisiones de los árbitros quienes asignaron menos faltas y tarjetas para los visitantes, excepto en ambas categorías alemanas y en la austriaca. Estos hallazgos no respaldan de manera generalizada la teoría de la facilitación social, pero sí su relación con la agresividad en los jugadores locales e incluso con las decisiones arbitrales. Las posibles implicaciones conducen especialmente a la preparación psicológica y entrenamiento táctico tanto de jugadores como de árbitros para afrontar encuentros sin público en los estadios. Social facilitation determines that the presence of spectators at sporting events is a favorable factor when playing at home. The objective of this research is to analyze the difference in points and goals according to the presence or absence of a crowd, as well as to study the possible changes in refereeing decisions and in the style of playing for both local teams and visitors to this new situation generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample is made up of the games played in the 2019th-2020th season corresponding to eight European football leagues: Germany, Spain, Italy, England and Austria. The results show that there are no significant differences between playing with or without the public, except in the first German and Spanish categories. However, an increase in defensive components and a reduction in offense are observed in teams that played at home without spectators. As a consequence, there are also changes in the referees’ decisions who called fewer fouls and cards for the visitors, except in both the German and Austrian categories. These findings do not support the theory of social facilitation in a generalized way, but they do support its relationship with aggressiveness in local players and even with referee’s decisions. The possible implications lead especially to the psychological preparation and tactical training of both players and referees to face matches without an audience in the stadiums. A facilitação social determina que a presença de espectadores em eventos esportivos seja um fator favorável para jogar em casa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a diferença de pontos e gols em função da presença ou ausência de torcida, bem como estudar as possíveis mudanças nas decisões de arbitragem e no estilo de jogo das equipes locais e dos visitantes deste. nova situação gerada pela pandemia COVID-19. A amostra é composta pelos jogos disputados na temporada 2019-2020 correspondentes a oito ligas europeias de futebol: Alemanha, Espanha, Itália, Inglaterra e Áustria. Os resultados mostram que não há diferenças significativas entre jogar com ou sem público, exceto nas primeiras categorias alemã e espanhola. Porém, verifica-se um aumento dos componentes defensivos e uma redução do ataque em equipas que jogam em casa sem espectadores. Como consequência, há também mudanças nas decisões dos árbitros que atribuíram menos faltas e cartões aos visitantes, exceto nas categorias alemã e austríaca. Esses achados não apóiam a teoria da facilitação social de forma generalizada, mas apóiam sua relação com a agressividade dos jogadores locais e até mesmo com as decisões do árbitro. As possíveis implicações levam principalmente à preparação psicológica e ao treinamento tático de jogadores e árbitros para enfrentar jogos sem público nos estádios.

scholarly journals Adaptaciones en la realización televisiva del deporte en directo por la COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Joaquín Marín-Montín ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sporting Events ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Television Production ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
European Football ◽  
Television Coverage ◽  
Virtual Resources

The emergence of the COVID-19 has affected Live TV content production. Televised sporting events have changed competitions calendars and the return has been conditioned by the evolution of the pandemic. In most cases, the presence of the public is not allowed on sports grounds. Major sporting events have been modified in their television coverage subject to the provisions of health authorities. The purpose of this article is to examine the adjustments made in the television production from a representative group of sporting events during the development of the health crisis. It also aims to identify how the innovations brought influence the audiovisual process of contents. An applied methodology was based on the case study. The purpose of this is to take as a reference two specific cases of television adaptations: European football and NBA competitions. Regarding the analysis of the selected data, they were examined from the elements that make up the grammar of television production applied to sports. The results obtained indicate how the integration of innovations during TV broadcasting of major sports events allowed to enhance the audience experience, especially due to the increase in virtual resources

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

Perancangan Boneka Edukasi Terinspirasi oleh Pencipta Boneka Si Unyil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhari Amri
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Materials

Film Unyil puppet comes not just part of the entertainment world that can be enjoyed by people from the side of the story, music, and dialogue. However, there is more value in it which is a manifestation of the creator that can be absorbed into the charge for the benefit of educating the children of Indonesia to the public at large. The Unyil puppet created by the father of Drs. Suyadi is one of the works that are now widely known by the whole people of Indonesia. The process of creating a puppet Unyil done with simple materials and formation of character especially adapted to the realities of the existing rural region. Through this process, this research leads to the design process is fundamentally educational puppet inspired by the creation of Si Unyil puppet. The difference is the inspiring character created in this study is on the characters that exist in urban life, especially the city of Jakarta. Thus the results of this study are the pattern of how to shape the design of products through the creation of the puppet with the approach of urban culture.

A Study on Students' Problems in ESL Writing Classes in the Arts College/ Kuwait University

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mona Salem Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Esl Writing ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Writing Classes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
At Home

This paper discusses the influence of the first language (Arabic) on the second language (English) in the writing pieces of ESL students in Arts College/ Kuwait University. Going over some writing papers taken from the students' work in class, the reader would notice a 'different English'. The overall layout of the paper, the ideas presentation, the personal expression, the syntax and word choice, the punctuation and other elements make this new language on students' papers. From papers written in class and at home, I conducted an analysis to see the difference between the two languages techniques, and to find solutions for that. I also interviewed students and they assured that Arabic has a massive influence on them. They disclosed that they read the topic in English, and think/analyze in Arabic. Some participants mentioned that their limited competence of vocabulary in English hindered them from expressing well on paper. Another group mentioned that the idea of 'being explanatory' prevailed their thinking while writing. They said that they wanted to explain their ideas well and repeatedly so that the reader/teacher would understand their points. They also had troubles in organizing the sentences according to the English paragraph style.

Auditors' and Investors' Perceptions of the “Expectation Gap”

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. McEnroe ◽  
Stanley C. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
User Group ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Accounting ◽  
Expectation Gap ◽  
The Difference

The auditing “expectation gap” refers to the difference between (1) what the public and other financial statement users perceive auditors' responsibilities to be and (2) what auditors believe their responsibilities entail. The notion of this divergence receives much attention in the accounting literature (i.e., Commission on Auditors' Responsibilities 1978; Guy and Sullivan 1988; AICPA 1993; U.S. Government Accounting Office 1996). Although prior empirical studies encompass certain expectations associated with a range of audit services, these papers often involve the opinions of bankers as the primary user group employed in the research (Nair and Rittenberg 1987; Lowe and Pany 1995). In contrast, this study extends the prior research by directly comparing audit partners' and investors' perceptions of auditors' responsibilities involving various dimensions of the attest function. We conducted the study to determine if an expectation gap currently exists and we find that it does; investors have higher expectations for various facets and/or assurances of the audit than do auditors. Our findings serve as evidence that the accounting profession should engage in appropriate measures to reduce this expectation gap.

scholarly journals The geological history of the Lake Rudolf Basin, Kenya colony

1939 ◽  
Vol 229 (560) ◽  
pp. 219-274 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Public Works ◽  
General Description ◽  
Geological History ◽  
East African ◽  
The Public ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
African Rift ◽  
At Home

The Lake Rudolf Rift Valley Expedition was designed to carry out many different lines of investigation in the Lake Rudolf Basin. One of the chief of these was a study of the geological history of that part of the East African Rift Valley. The expedition was assisted financially by The Royal Society, The Geological Society of London, The Royal Geographical Society, The Percy Sladen Trustees and the Geographical and Geological Sections of the British Association. A general description of the activities of the Expedition was given in a paper read before the Royal Geographical Society (Fuchs 1935). Owing to the tragic loss of two members of the expedition, Dr W. S. Dyson and Mr W. R. H. Martin, two fruitless months were spent searching for them. Consequently a great amount of the work planned for the east side of the lake had to be abandoned. Nevertheless, the considerable distance travelled within the 50,000 sq. miles of the Rudolf Basin has enabled me to make out the chief events of its geological history. I am very much indebted to all those who assisted us in the field and at home, in particular to the Kenya Government, the Officers of the King’s African Rifles, and Mr H. L. Sikes of the Public Works Department; I would also like to thank Mr A. M. Champion, Provincial Commissioner of Turkana, who wholeheartedly assisted us in every way possible both in the field and at home, for he has placed at my disposal his own excellent topographical maps and his extensive observations on the geology of the area. I am also deeply indebted to Professor O. T. Jones, Mr Henry Woods and Mr W. Campbell Smith for their criticisms. Mr Campbell Smith has also given me provisional identifications of the rocks.

Deconstructing female conventions

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Rodríguez-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
At Home

Summary This paper examines Ann Fisher’s (1719–1778) most important and influential work, A New Grammar (1745?). In this grammar, the author did not follow the trend of making English grammar fit the Latin pattern, a common practice still in the eighteenth century. Instead, she wrote an English grammar based on the nature and observation of her mother tongue. Besides, she scattered throughout her grammar a wide set of teaching devices, the ‘examples of bad English’ being her most important contribution. Her innovations and her new approach to the description of English grammar were indeed welcomed by contemporary readers, since her grammar saw almost forty editions and reprints, it influenced other grammarians, for instance Thomas Spence (1750–1814), and it reached other markets, such as London. In order to understand more clearly the value of this grammar and of its author, this grammar has to be seen in the context of her life. For this reason, we will also discuss some details of her unconventional lifestyle: unconventional in the sense that she led her life in the public sphere, not happy with the prevailing idea that women should be educated for a life at home.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document