scholarly journals A influência de variáveis contextuais e situacionais na classificação de árbitros de futebol de elite

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Vitor Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Tiago Esteves ◽  
Célia Nunes ◽  
César Mendez ◽  
Bruno Travassos
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Ordinal Regression ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Logit Function ◽  
The Relationship

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a classificação de árbitros de futebol de elite e variáveis contextuais e situacionais que caraterizam os jogos arbitrados no decorrer de uma época. Para tal, foi realizada uma regressão ordinal com função Link Logit entre a classificação final e variáveis contextuais e situacionais. As variáveis contextuais revelaram um efeito significativo sobre a classificação final, não se verificando efeitos significativos das variáveis situacionais, sobre a classificação dos árbitros no final da época desportiva. Na globalidade o modelo revelou-se estatisticamente significativo. A probabilidade de obtenção de melhor classificação final dos árbitros aumenta 54.2% com o aumento do número de jogos realizados na I Liga e aumenta 24.8% com aumento do número de jogos equilibrados. Diminui 61.2% com jogos realizados sem equipas Top 3. Os resultados reforçam a influência significativa que os fatores contextuais têm sobre a classificação e avaliação de um árbitro no final da época desportiva. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the classification of elite soccer referees in Portugal and the contextual and situational variables of the matches refereed during the 2016-2017 sports season. In order to analyze the relationship between the final classification and the level of the competition, characterization of the game, result of the game and total number of cards displayed per game, an ordinal regression with Link Logit function was used. The results revealed that the contextual variables have a significant effect on the final classification, with no significant effects of the situational variables. In general, the model statistically explains the final classification of the elite soccer referees at the end of the sports season (X2LP (5) = 40.299, p<0.001). The probability of obtaining a better final referees’ classification increases 54.2% with the increase in the number of games played in the I League (OR=1.542), and 24.8% with the increase in the number of balanced games (OR=1.248). Decreases 61.2% with the increase in the number of games without TOP 3(OR=0.388). Finally, in relation to the total number of cards displayed in a game, there were no significant effects on the ranking of referees' performance. In summary, the results reinforce the significant influence that contextual factors have on the classification and assessment of a referee at the end of the sports season. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a classificação dos árbitros de futebol de elite em Portugal e as variáveis contextuais e situacionais dos jogos arbitrados no decorrer da época desportiva 2016-2017. No sentido de analisar qual a relação entre a classificação final e o nível da competição, caraterização do jogo, resultado do jogo e número total de cartões exibidos por jogo foi realizada uma regressão ordinal com função Link Logit. Os resultados, revelaram que as variáveis contextuais, apresentam um efeito significativo sobre a classificação final, não se verificando efeitos significativos das variáveis situacionais, sobre a classificação final dos árbitros de futebol no final da época desportiva. Na globalidade o modelo revelou-se estatisticamente significativo (X2LP (5) = 40.299, p<0.001). A probabilidade de obtenção de melhor classificação final dos árbitros aumenta 54.2% com o aumento do número de jogos realizados na I Liga (OR=1.542) e aumenta 24.8% com aumento do número de jogos equilibrados (OR=1.248). Diminui 61.2% com jogos realizados sem equipas Top 3 (OR=0.388). Por último, em relação ao número total de cartões exibidos num jogo não se verificaram efeitos significativos no ranking de desempenho dos árbitros. Em suma, os resultados reforçam a influência significativa que os fatores contextuais têm uma sobre a classificação e avaliação de um árbitro no final da época desportiva.

scholarly journals Are Virtual Particles Less Real?

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Field ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The question of whether virtual quantum particles exist is considered here in light of previous critical analysis and under the assumption that there are particles in the world as described by quantum field theory. The relationship of the classification of particles to quantum-field-theoretic calculations and the diagrammatic aids that are often used in them is clarified. It is pointed out that the distinction between virtual particles and others and, therefore, judgments regarding their reality have been made on basis of these methods rather than on their physical characteristics. As such, it has obscured the question of their existence. It is here argued that the most influential arguments against the existence of virtual particles but not other particles fail because they either are arguments against the existence of particles in general rather than virtual particles per se, or are dependent on the imposition of classical intuitions on quantum systems, or are simply beside the point. Several reasons are then provided for considering virtual particles real, such as their descriptive, explanatory, and predictive value, and a clearer characterization of virtuality—one in terms of intermediate states—that also applies beyond perturbation theory is provided. It is also pointed out that in the role of force mediators, they serve to preclude action-at-a-distance between interacting particles. For these reasons, it is concluded that virtual particles are as real as other quantum particles.

The leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) gene for characterization of the relationship among Xanthomonas species

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Cubero ◽  
James H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Xanthomonas Species ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
The Relationship

Characterization of strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri by using DNA fingerprints that were generated from primers for enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) elements led to the discovery of differential sequences for a leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) gene in two subgroups of strains with different host ranges on Citrus spp. DNA hybridization and PCR-based assays that used different sets of primers were designed to detect the core sequence, as well as to obtain the entire sequence of the lrp gene for several Xanthomonas species and pathovars. Higher variability was observed at the nucleotide level than at the amino acid level among the different species and pathovars, revealing selection pressure on the lrp gene, which is presumably due to an essential role of the gene in bacterial metabolism. Moderate variability in the 3′ and 5′ domains was used to study relationships among different species within the genus Xanthomonas. Species of this genus that were isolated from citrus, as well as other pathovars of X. axonopodis, showed highly similar lrp gene sequences, whereas other Xanthomonas species, especially Xanthomonas campestris, had sequences that were more dissimilar to that of X. axonopodis. Thus, the lrp gene sequence is useful to distinguish X. axonopodis pv. citri groups and promising for polyphasic taxonomic analysis of the genus Xanthomonas. Data from analysis of lrp gene sequences support the current concepts for classification of xanthomonads, which are based on other approaches.

scholarly journals Phase retrieval in frame theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dorsa Ghoreishi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Frame Theory ◽  
Weak Phase ◽  
The Relationship

This dissertation is the study of phase retrieval in frame theory. The first part is concerned with the analysis of phase retrieval and the complete classification of norm retrieval. Norm retrieval is essential to transfer the properties of phase retrieval to the complement space. The first section includes the results regarding projections and also the characterization of phase retrieval and norm retrieval for subspaces. The second part is the study of weak phase retrieval which was motivated by the idea of reducing the number of vectors satisfying the properties close to phase retrieval. The last section provides the correlation between weak phase retrieval and phase retrieval properties along with the examples illustrating the relationship between weak phase retrieval and the related concepts.

scholarly journals Two-Step Estimation of the Impact of Contextual Variables on Technical Efficiency of Hospitals: The Case Study of Public Hospitals in Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efat Mohamadi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Kiani ◽  
Alireza Olyaeemanesh ◽  
Amirhossein Takian ◽  
Reza Majdzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Two Step Estimation ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Measuring the efficiency and productivity of hospitals is a key tool to cost contamination and management that is very important for any healthcare system for having an efficient system.Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of contextual factors on hospital efficiency in Iranian public hospitals.Methods: This was a quantitative and descriptive-analytical study conducted in two steps. First, we measured the efficiency score of teaching and non-teaching hospitals by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Second, the relationship between efficiency score and contextual factors was analyzed. We used median statistics (first and third quarters) to describe the concentration and distribution of each variable in teaching and non-teaching hospitals, then the Wilcoxon test was used to compare them. The Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between the efficiency of hospitals and contextual variables (province area, province population, population density, and the number of beds per hospital).Results: On average, the efficiency score in non-teaching hospitals in 31 provinces was 0.67 and for teaching hospitals was 0.54. Results showed that there is no significant relationship between the efficiency score and the number of hospitals in the provinces (p = 0.1 and 0.15, respectively). The relationship between the number of hospitals and the population of the province was significant and positive. Also, there was a positive relationship between the number of beds and the area of the province in both types of teaching and non-teaching hospitals.Conclusion: Multilateral factors influence the efficiency of hospitals and to address hospital inefficiency multi-intervention packages focusing on the hospital and its context should be developed. It is necessary to pay attention to contextual factors and organizational architecture to improve efficiency.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Microstructural Characterization of Au-Ge-Ni based ohmic contacts to GaAs/AlGaAs modfet device

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 326-327
Author(s):  
A.K. Rai ◽  
A.K. Petford-Long ◽  
A. Ezis ◽  
D.W. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Ohmic Contact ◽  
Ohmic Contacts ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Spacer Layer ◽  
Good Contact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Contact

Considerable amount of work has been done in studying the relationship between the contact resistance and the microstructure of the Au-Ge-Ni based ohmic contacts to n-GaAs. It has been found that the lower contact resistivity is due to the presence of Ge rich and Au free regions (good contact area) in contact with GaAs. Thus in order to obtain an ohmic contact with lower contact resistance one should obtain a uniformly alloyed region of good contact areas almost everywhere. This can possibly be accomplished by utilizing various alloying schemes. In this work microstructural characterization, employing TEM techniques, of the sequentially deposited Au-Ge-Ni based ohmic contact to the MODFET device is presented.The substrate used in the present work consists of 1 μm thick buffer layer of GaAs grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate followed by a 25 Å spacer layer of undoped AlGaAs.

PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO, INFLASI DAN RASIO GINI TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Mahendra Putra Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Relationship

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) which provides a comprehensive picture of the economic conditions of a region is indicator for analyzing economic region development. Another indicator that is no less important is inflation as an indicator to see the level of changes in price increases due to an increase in the money supply that causes rising prices. The success of development must also look at the income inequality of its population which is illustrated by this ratio. One of the main regional development goals is to improve the welfare of its people, where to see the level of community welfare, among others, can be seen from the level of unemployment in an area. To that end, in order to get an overview of the effects of GRDP, inflation and the ratio of gini to unemployment in DKI Jakarta for the last ten years (2007-2016), an analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression methods. As a result, together the relationship between GRDP, inflation and the Gini ratio is categorized as "very strong" with a score of 0.936, and has a significant influence on unemployment. Partially, the GRDP gives a significant influence, but inflation and gini ratio do not have a significant influence. GDP, inflation and the Gini ratio together for the last ten years have contributed 81.4% to unemployment in DKI Jakarta, while the remaining 18.6% is influenced by other variables not included in this research model, so for reduce unemployment in DKI Jakarta, programs that are oriented to economic growth, suppressing inflation and decreasing this ratio need to be carried out simultaneously. Keywords: GRDP, inflation, unemployment, DKI Jakarta, GINI ratio  

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

DONG SON BRONZE DRUM - THE WORK OF THE LAC VIET PEOPLE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hao
Keyword(s):  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Tribal Identity ◽  
The Relationship

Bronze drums are widely distributed, broader than the range of a nation. Therefore, the identification of each kind of drum is a basic subject, should be concerned. In determining the tribal identity of the drum, the classification of drum is the key stage, the relationship between the objective of the classification and classification criteria is the relation as shape and shadow, if there is no right criteria then the result of division will be difficult to reach the desired goal. Likewise, the criterion of the pattern on the bronze drum brought to the affirmation is the Dong Son bronze drum of the Lac Viet people. And the parallel is the affirmation of the culture, way of life, residence of the nation created the drum.

FEATURE,NILAI, KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS PELANGAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Iha Haryani Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Customer Satisfaction And Loyalty

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of the features of the value, satisfaction, and customer loyalty; the effect on the value of customer satisfaction and loyalty; influence of satisfaction on customer loyalty. A total of 200 merchant PT. BANK XYZ as respondents was selected randomly. Analyses were performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis showed that the feature has a significant influence on customer value, but not for customer satisfaction and loyalty. The values has a significant influence on satisfaction, but not on customer loyalty. Satisfaction has a significant influence on customer loyalty. Discussion and conclusions described in the article. Keywords: features of the value, satisfaction, customer loyalty

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