scholarly journals Comparación de la respuesta física, en términos absolutos y relativos a la competición, de diferentes demarcaciones en tareas jugadas de fútbol

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Zurutuza ◽  
Julen Castellano

El objetivo fue estudiar las demandas externas absolutas y relativas respecto a la competición de diferentes formatos de juego en el fútbol teniendo en cuenta las diferentes demarcaciones de los jugadores. Se registraron cuatro variables externas en 20 jugadores semiprofesionales en cuatro tipos de tareas jugadas (4vs4 o JRP, 6vs6 o JRM y 8vs8 o JRL) y partidos de entrenamiento (10vs10 o PE) para un total de 467 registros. Las variables externas fueron: la distancia total (DTmin y %DT) y carga del jugador (PLmin y %PL), en valores absolutos por minuto de práctica y en valores relativos al perfil de las demandas en competición. Los resultados fueron que: en formatos más pequeños (JRP y JRM) con pocos jugadores la demanda en términos absolutos (en m por min-1) fue similar entre las diferentes demarcaciones, pero no así en términos relativos a las demandas de la competición. Por el contrario, las diferencias entre las diferentes posiciones de juego se minimizan en los formatos más grandes JRL y PE cuando se expresaron en términos relativos a la competición, pero no así en términos absolutos, donde existen diferencias. La conclusión del estudio es que las diferencias en las demandas entre las demarcaciones varían entre los formatos de juego, y, además, estas diferencias se incrementan o se equiparan según se consideren los valores en términos absolutos o relativos al perfil de competición individual. Los resultados sugieren que los entrenadores deberían considerar todo el espectro de tareas (e.g., desde 1vs1 a 10vs10) para atender a las necesidades particulares de cada demarcación y contextualizado a los objetivos técnico-tácticos y condicionales deseados con el propósito de optimizar su rendimiento. The objective was to study the physical response to conditional performance in competition of different game formats in football taking into account the demarcation of players. Four external load variables were recorded in 16 semi-professional players in four types of tasks played (4vs4 [JRP], 6vs6 [JRM] and 8vs8 [JRL]) and training matches (10vs10 [PE]) for a total of 467 records. The physical variables analyzed were the following: (a) DTmin, total distance in absolute values per minute of activity, (b) %DT, total distance per minute in values relative to the profile of demands in competition, (c) PLmin, player load in absolute values per minute of activity, and (d) %PL, player load per minute in values relative to the profile of demands in competition. The results were that in the JRP and JRM formats for the variables DTmin and PLmin the values were similar between demarcations, but not being the same for the variables %DT and %PL. On the contrary, the differences between the different game positions were minimized in the large formats (JRL and PE) when the %DT and %PL variables were analyzed, as opposed to DTmin and PLmin, where there were more differences between demarcations. The conclusion was that, depending on whether the physical variables are considered in absolute terms or in relation to the competition, the differences between demarcations are not uniform: small formats equal the conditional response in absolute terms, while large formats equal the conditional response between players in terms of the individual profile in competition. O objetivo era estudar a resposta física ao desempenho condicional na competição de diferentes formatos de jogo no futebol, levando em conta a demarcação dos jogadores. Quatro variáveis de carga externa foram registradas em 16 jogadores semi-profissionais em quatro tipos de tarefas jogadas (4vs4 [JRP], 6vs6 [JRM] e 8vs8 [JRL]) e partidas de treinamento (10vs10 [PE]) para um total de 467 registros. As variáveis físicas analisadas foram as seguintes: (a) DTmin, distância total em valores absolutos por minuto de atividade, (b) %DT, distância total por minuto em valores relativos ao perfil de exigências na competição, (c) PLmin, carga de jogadores em valores absolutos por minuto de atividade, e (d) %PL, carga de jogadores por minuto em valores relativos ao perfil de exigências na competição. Os resultados foram que nos formatos JRP e JRM para as variáveis DTmin e PLmin os valores foram semelhantes entre as demarcações, mas não sendo os mesmos para as variáveis %DT e %PL. Pelo contrário, as diferenças entre as diferentes posições de jogo foram minimizadas nos grandes formatos (JRL e PE) quando as variáveis %DT e %PL foram analisadas, ao contrário do DTmin e PLmin, onde houve mais diferenças entre as demarcações. A conclusão foi que, dependendo se as variáveis físicas são consideradas em termos absolutos ou em relação à competição, as diferenças entre demarcações não são uniformes: formatos pequenos igualam a resposta condicional em termos absolutos, enquanto formatos grandes igualam a resposta condicional entre jogadores em termos do perfil individual em competição.

Author(s):  
Sérgio Matos ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Rui Silva ◽  
José María Cancela Carral

The purpose of this study was to compare the variations of weekly workload indices of internal and external load measures across the three weeks prior to injury occurrences in trail runners. Twenty-five trail runners (age: 36.23 ± 8.30 years old; body mass: 67.24 ± 5.97 kg; height: 172.12 ± 5.12 cm) were monitored daily for 52 weeks using global positioning systems (GPSs) to determine the total distance covered. Additionally, a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was applied to determine session-RPE (sRPE: RPE multiplied by training time). The accumulated load (AL), acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR), training monotony (TM), and training strain (TS) indices were calculated weekly for each runner. During the period of analysis, the injury occurrences were recorded. The differences were observed in AL and ACWR for sRPE and training time were significantly greater during the injury week when compared to the previous weeks. Similar evidence was found in TM and TS indices for sRPE, training time, and total distance. Furthermore, no meaningful differences were observed in AL and ACWR for total distance in the weeks prior to injury occurrence. Nevertheless, significant between-subjects variability was found, and this should be carefully considered. For that reason, an individualized analysis of the workload dynamics is recommended, avoiding greater spikes in load by aiming to keep a progressive increment of load without consequences for injury risk.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Torre

The number of women occupying male-dominated blue-collar jobs continues to be very low. This study examines segregation in the blue-collar trades, taking into consideration both structural and individual factors. Using nationally representative data for 25 countries, the study shows that segregation in the blue-collar sector does not vary with the strength of vocational education and training programs. At the individual level, findings reveal higher degrees of social reproduction among working-class families, but parental background alone does not fully account for the gender composition of the sector in which children end up working. Overall, the findings point to the existence of a socializing mechanism that entrenches horizontal segregation in the blue-collar sector. The study indicates that to reduce segregation in the blue-collar fields, policies must address this prior mechanism, both at the structural and individual level.


MEDISAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Runi Pramesti Putri ◽  
Endiyono Endiyono

Background: The success of basic life support is determined by the role of the individual(s) who first encountered a patient with a heart attack, and he will be a helper in the situation. Lack of socialization and training for laypeople makes them unable to implement a right first aid in cases of cardiac arrest. There is a need for innovations in cardiac, pulmonary resuscitation for ordinary people to facilitate them in practicing compression measures.Technique: CPR mannequin is made of a plywood material in the shape of the human body; it is 34 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 6.5 cm high. There are 2 LED lights to detect the accuracy of the compression depth.Conclusion: CPR mannequin can facilitate and improve the skills of laypeople in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
V G Suslyaev ◽  
O N Vladimirova ◽  
K K Shcherbina ◽  
A V Sokurov ◽  
Yu I Zhdanov ◽  
...  

The role and the place of early use of technical means of rehabilitation in the system of complex rehabilitation of patients and disabled people owing to a military trauma is considered. Need of early providing the needing persons with technical means of rehabilitation is proved during recovery treatment, including before establishment by him of disability and formation of the individual program of rehabilitation and an abilitation of disabled people. The efficiency of the developed non-plaster technology of prosthetics manufacturing techniques of artificial limbs of the lower extremities is proved by express method, options of her execution are offered. The first option of production of products on this technology consists in use of polymeric silicone covers and the water-hardening polymeric bandage directly on the patient’s stump. The second option of prosthetics is applied at some defects and diseases of a stump excluding application of silicone covers and full contact individual reception sleeves. For this purpose at production of medical and training artificial limbs of a shin and hip adjustable demountable reception sleeves from thermolayers for right-and left-side amputating defects are used. These options of prosthetics by express method are innovative, are aimed at early rendering the prosthetic and orthopedic help to patients with amputating defects. At production of artificial limbs on these technology domestic materials, modular and not modular accessories are used. The modular complete set of medical and training artificial limbs provides fast and individual setting up the scheme of construction, the individual choice of combinations of functional elements taking into account group of physical activity of the patient, a possibility of replacement of a reception sleeve and any of product elements without withdrawal of an artificial limb at the user. In need of service of a product, for example repair, replacement of the module (artificial foot, a knee) there is no requirement of urgent production of a similar design. Adjustable reception sleeves for primary artificial limbs of a shin and hip in the form of a standard series and moisture-curing bandage can add the list of products of medical appointment in laying for expansion of medical institutions during the special period.


2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Widehammar ◽  
Ingvor Pettersson ◽  
Gunnel Janeslätt ◽  
Liselotte Hermansson

Background: Prostheses are used to varying degrees; however, little is known about how environmental aspects influence this use. Objectives: To describe users’ experiences of how environmental factors influence their use of a myoelectric arm prosthesis. Study design: Qualitative and descriptive. Methods: A total of 13 patients previously provided with a myoelectric prosthetic hand participated. Their age, sex, deficiency level, etiology, current prosthesis use, and experience varied. Semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed through inductive content analysis. Results: Four categories were created from the data: “Prosthesis function,” “Other people’s attitudes,” “Support from family and healthcare,” and “Individual’s attitude and strategies.” The overarching theme, “Various degrees of embodiment lead to different experiences of environmental barriers and facilitators,” emerged from differences in individual responses depending on whether the individual was a daily or a non-daily prosthesis user. Environmental facilitators such as support from family and healthcare and good function and fit of the prosthesis seemed to help the embodiment of the prosthesis, leading to daily use. This embodiment seemed to reduce the influence of environmental barriers, for example, climate, attitudes, and technical shortcomings. Conclusion: Embodiment of prostheses seems to reduce the impact of environmental barriers. Support and training may facilitate the embodiment of myoelectric prosthesis use. Clinical relevance For successful prosthetic rehabilitation, environmental factors such as support and information to the patient and their social network about the benefits of prosthesis use are important. Local access to training in myoelectric control gives more people the opportunity to adapt to prosthesis use and experience less environmental barriers.


Author(s):  
Terence Hogarth ◽  
Lynn Gambin

Debates about the need to increase investments in education and training in order to improve overall national economic performance quickly result in deliberations about who should pay for those investments. If it is the individual or the employer who are the principal beneficiaries, then there is an expectation that they should share the cost of the investment proportionate to the benefit they obtain. There are, however, a number of barriers which prevent employers and individuals making optimum levels of investment which inevitably means that the State needs to step into the breach. This chapter addresses what economics has to say about who should make the investment in training and how various barriers to those investments being made can be overcome.


2022 ◽  
pp. 448-471
Author(s):  
Duygu Çelik Ertuğrul ◽  
Atilla Elçi

Individuals with pervasive developmental disorders should be supported with special education programs that are planned according to the type and degree of the disorder, age, characteristics, and needs of the individual. Search over internet resources may provide suitable educational material and methods (and associated activity/game). However, syntactic search in today's static-based internet is insufficient to offer desired relevant results. An intelligent system able to identify the needed educational methods and material with the help of semantic web-based agents will not only contribute to the development of individuals with disorders, and support education specialists in this process, but also be extremely useful for the families of these individuals in assisting and monitoring their child's developmental progress. In this chapter, an agent-based educational activity suggestion system of children with pervasive developmental disorder for guiding education and training staff activities is proposed.


2022 ◽  
pp. 243-267
Author(s):  
Ineke van der Ham

The use of immersive environments such as virtual and augmented reality is quickly developing. For cognitive assessment and training in a neuropsychological setting, this offers a perspective for innovation and improvement of existing methods. Most of the current clinical uses of immersive environments focus on factors such as anxiety, or motor activities for physical therapy. Cognitive applications, concerning, for example, memory, attention, visuospatial processing, are relatively scarce. In this chapter, considerations of using immersive environments for cognitive purposes are presented. In addition to immersion, the individual experience of immersive environments, as expressed by sense of presence, will be discussed. By examining advantages and disadvantages of using immersive environments to measure and train cognitive performance, recommendations for clinical use of these methods are provided.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Osman Yazicioglu ◽  
Oguz Borat

In the transition to the knowledge community, the disciplines of knowledge management have necessitated the revision of education and employment issues. As a result, more than 140 countries around world have had to set their national priority to review their own education and employment policies considering the individual developments, community expectations and international practices associated with the “lifelong learning”. The overall goal of Turkish Qualifications Framework (TQF) is to provide an integrated structure which describes and classifies all qualifications available in Turkey, allowing for links such as transfer or progression among qualifications to be determined. Thus, transparency will be improved in education and training systems, which will enable national and international comparability, recognition and validation. TQF will ensure to link all qualifications achieved either at classroom of a school, university, training center, or in a laboratory, workshop and workplace of a research center or company through formal, non-formal or informal learning. TQF structure comprises of levels described by level descriptors and supported by qualification types. Qualification types are described through qualification type specifications.


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