scholarly journals Long-term Therapeutic Effect of M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Mizuki SAKAMOTO ◽  
Masafumi MORIYAMA ◽  
Mayumi SHIMIZU ◽  
Takashi MAEHARA ◽  
Kenichi OGATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Local Anesthetics Inhibit Muscarinic Receptor-mediated Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases in Rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 Cells 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1014-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Tan ◽  
Shuji Dohi ◽  
Kenji Ohguchi ◽  
Shigeru Nakashima ◽  
Yoshinori Nozawa
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine ◽  
M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Pc12

Background Because protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism for controlling cellular functions and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a role in cellular signal transduction, the authors wanted to determine whether local anesthetics interfere with biochemical signaling molecules. Methods Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation induced by carbachol, an agonist for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, were examined in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, a model for investigating signal transduction. Carbachol-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins of 44 and 42 kd were determined by Western blot analysis and identified as activated ERK1 and ERK2 using anti-ERK antibody. The ERK activation was blocked by preincubation with atropine or an M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist 4-diphenyacetooxy-1, 1-dimethylpiperidinium, indicating that is was mediated by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. Then, in the presence of local anesthetic, the carbachol-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation were evaluated. The effects of three Na+ current-modifying reagents on carbachol-induced ERK activation were also evaluated. Results Procaine (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) inhibited carbachol-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Although tetracaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine similarly suppressed carbachol-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation, neither tetrodotoxin, veratridine, nor ouabain affected the carbachol-induced ERKs activation. Both ERKs were also activated by 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, and fluoroaluminate (AlF4-), respectively, but procaine did not affect ERK activation induced by these two substances. The inhibition of carbachol-induced ERK activation by procaine was not modified by a phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A. Conclusions The current results indicate that local anesthetics inhibit the activity of the signal-transducing molecule(s) leading to M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated ERK activation in PC12 cells. Such action is unlikely to be a result of the drug's action on Na+ channels or on the electrochemical gradients of the neuronal cell membrane.

scholarly journals Discovery of Selective M4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists with Novel Carbamate Isosteres

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyi Yang ◽  
Erik A. Lachapelle ◽  
Natasha M. Kablaoui ◽  
Damien Webb ◽  
Michael Popiolek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Receptor Agonists
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