Update on Psychotropic Medications for Cancer-Related Fatigue

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Breitbart ◽  
Yesne Alici-Evcimen
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Functional Morbidity ◽  
The Relationship

Fatigue is a common and highly distressing symptom of cancer associated with reduced quality of life and considerable psychological and functional morbidity. The reported prevalence of cancer-related fatigue ranges from 4% to 91%, depending on the specific cancer population studied and the methods of assessment. Cancer-related fatigue has typically been underreported, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Fatigue and depression may coexist in cancer patients, and considerable overlap of symptoms occurs. This is partly the reason for the interest in examining the role of psychotropic medications in treating fatigue. Clarifying the relationship between depression and fatigue is necessary to effectively evaluate and treat cancer-related fatigue. Even with International Classification of Diseases criteria, differentiating cancer-related fatigue is difficult. Psychotropic drugs that have been studied for cancer-related fatigue include psychostimulants, wakefulness-promoting agents, and anti-depressants. Methylphenidate has been studied most and seems to be effective and well tolerated despite common side effects. Some preliminary data support using modafinil in cancer-related fatigue with less concern about tolerance or dependence. Antidepressant studies have shown mixed results. Paroxetine seems to show benefit for fatigue primarily when it is a symptom of clinical depression. Bupropion, a norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor, may have psychostimulant-like effects, and therefore may be more beneficial for treating fatigue. However, studies are currently limited. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials with specific agents are needed to further assess the efficacy and tolerability of psychotropic medications in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue.

scholarly journals Exercise Addiction and Perfectionism: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizem Çakın ◽  
Ignatius Darma Juwono ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Attila Szabo
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Exercise Addiction ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and aims Exercise addiction may be conceptualized as a behavioral addiction in which a person develops an unhealthy obsession with exercise and physical activity. While exercise addiction is not a formally recognized disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual or the International Classification of Diseases, it has been studied and connected to both personal and situational factors. Perfectionism is a feature that has been strongly linked to exercise addiction. The objective of this systematic literature review, performed by following the PRISMA protocol, was to examine relationships between exercise addiction and perfectionism while also considering the subdimensions of perfectionism in different groups. Methods Three databases (PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, and SPORTDiscus) were examined. Sixty relevant articles were identified, of which 22 met inclusion criteria. Results The findings substantiate that perfectionism and its dimensions are weakly or moderately related to exercise addiction. This relationship has been observed in adults, adolescents, athletes, and patients with eating disorders. Of the 22 studies examined, only one did not identify an association between perfectionism or its subdomain(s) and exercise addiction. However, in most studies, the common variance between perfectionism and exercise addiction is relatively small, raising questions regarding the clinical relevance of the relationship. Conclusion Perfectionism is related to exercise addiction, but the strength of the relationship varies in different circumstances, which should be examined in future research.

What Is Measured in Bereavement Treatment for Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-387
Author(s):  
Kristine Jensen de López ◽  
Hanne Søndergaard Knudsen ◽  
Tia G. B. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Parentally Bereaved ◽  
Bereaved Children ◽  
Death Of A Parent ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Objective Childhood bereavement from parental death can be a significant stressor. Treatment studies vary largely on how the effect of the grief treatment is measured. This sytematic review evaluates whether controlled bereavement intervention studies focus on symptomatalogy or grief as outcome measure and also summarizes the effect of grief treatment. Method For inclusion in the review, studies must report on children or adolesecents who experienced the death of a parent or sibling, must have a control group and must report results of a grief treatment. Results Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and reported in total on 30 different outcome measures. Only two studies measured grief as a separate outcome and both showed promising results for the treatment of grief with bereaved children. Conclusions Systematic use of validated measures of prolonged grief in treatment studies is needed. Implications of the findings and recommendations for future studies are discussed in the perspective of complicated grief becoming part of the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Grief interventions for parentally bereaved youth is promising but lack consistent use of reliable grief measures for solid documentation of the effect. The specific role of parenting and culture for the outcome of the intervention should be investigated in more detail.

scholarly journals What should be included in the criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Gola ◽  
Karol Lewczuk ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Drew A. Kingston ◽  
Joshua B. Grubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy

AbstractCompulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is currently defined in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as an impulse control disorder. Criteria for hypersexual disorder (HD) had been proposed in 2010 for the fifth revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). In this article, we compare differences between HD and CSBD and discuss their relevance.Significant differences between HD and CSBD criteria include: (1) the role of sexual behavior as a maladaptive coping and emotion regulation strategy listed in criteria for HD but not in those for CSBD; (2) different exclusionary criteria including bipolar and substance use disorders in HD but not in CSBD, and (3) inclusion of new considerations in CSBD, such as moral incongruence (as an exclusion criterion), and diminished pleasure from sexual activity. Each of these aspects has clinical and research-related implications. The inclusion of CSBD in the ICD-11 will have a significant impact on clinical practice and research. Researchers should continue to investigate core and related features of CSBD, inlcuding those not included in the current criteria, in order to provide additional insight into the disorder and to help promote clinical advances.

Is Homosexuality Normal?

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-259
Author(s):  
Norman Q. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Disturbed Relationships

In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of diagnoses, thereby implying that it is a normal variant of sexual behavior. Since then, when homosexuals have sought professional help for emotional problems, psychiatrists have tended increasingly to assist them to believe that their emotional discomfort is the result of society's bias and intolerance and to accept and enjoy their preference for individuals of the same sex. The World Health Organization, however, still includes homosexuality as a medical diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases. Normally, a child can be expected to develop into an adult with its genetically determined sex. When a boy who is physically and hormonally normal develops a preference for sex with another male, it is an indication that something is amiss. A pathologic family environment is often present in the family of homosexuals. Yet not all boys exposed to a pathologic family during early development become homosexuals. Because of this, the role of disturbed relationships in causing homosexuality is questioned. However, psychoanalyses of male homosexuals have convincingly revealed the existence of a fear of heterosexuality in individuals with genetically predisposed personalities.

Sarcopenia

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
А.А. Пальцын
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Muscular Force ◽  
Old People ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Impaired Quality

Саркопения (старческое уменьшение силы и массы мышц) прогрессировала в распространенности и тяжести проявления вместе с прогрессом медицины и развитием цивилизации. На заре человечества проблемы не было, поскольку до саркопении не доживали. Затем в течение многих тысяч лет с малым количеством стариков в популяции и отвлечением внимания инфекционными эпидемиями медицине было «не до неё». Следствия быстрого старения человечества в конце XX и начале XXI веков вывели саркопению из тени в разряд самых актуальных проблем современной медицины. Саркопения приобрела своё название около 30 лет назад, год назад вошла в международную классификацию болезней, а сегодня уже называется гериатрическим гигантом. Взлет популярности закономерен и достоин ещё большего внимания по двум причинам. Во-первых. Саркопенией обусловлены многие беды старости: физическая слабость, депрессия, боли, снижение качества жизни, оптимизма, трудоспособности, рост травматизма, инвалидность, утрата независимости, смертность. Во-вторых. Саркопения затрудняет и снижает двигательную активность, чем способствует развитию наиболее распространенных болезней, эпидемий неинфекционной природы: гипертонической болезни, атеросклероза, диабета, рака, деменции, воспалений, остеопороза. Профилактика и лечение саркопении отодвигает или предотвращает приход её «спутников». Sarcopenia is a senile reduction in muscular force and mass. Sarсopenia prevalence and severity of manifestations have progressed together with the progress of medicine and development of the civilization. In the infancy of mankind, the problem was absent since people did not live to sarcopenia. Then for many thousand years, when old people were not numerous in the population, medicine was distracted by infectious epidemics and not interested in sarcopenia. Consequences of rapid aging of the population during the late 20th and early 21st centuries have brought sarcopenia from the shadows to the foreground as one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. Sarcopenia acquired its name about 30 years ago, was included into the international classification of diseases a year ago, and today it is already called the geriatric giant. This increase in popularity is logical, and sarcopenia is worth even more extensive exploring for two reasons. First, sarcopenia causes many troubles of old age, such as physical weakness, depression, pains; impaired quality of life, optimism, and working capacity; more frequent traumas and disability; loss of independence; and high mortality. Second, sarcopenia complicates and reduces physical activity and, thereby, contributes to development of common diseases and non-infectious epidemics, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, dementia, inflammations, osteoporosis. Prevention and treatment of sarcopenia delays or prevents the arrival of its «satellites».

Current Approaches to Diagnostics of Bipolar Affective Disorder in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Leonid Bardenshtein ◽  
Natalia Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

The review is devoted to diagnosing bipolar affective disorder in adolescence. The article summarizes the domestic and foreign research findings concerning the early disease manifestations, the specific features of the disease course, and the relationship with mental and corporal comorbidity. Special attention is paid to the diagnosis of hypomania, based on the recommendations of modern international diagnostic systems: DSM-V (APA, 2013), and the draft International Classification of Diseases, ICD-11 2019. Early detection of affective disorder in adolescents using screening study methods is shown to be significant.

Major Factors Associated with Congenital Malformations in the Agadir Region of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
SAID EL MADIDI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Factors

Introduction: Congenital malformations are a global health problem around the world. MCs is one of the main causes of death and disability of newborns worldwide, but the majority of its risk factors are still poorly understood. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the main causes that are related to the incidence of congenital malformations (CMs) in the region of Agadir in Morocco. Material and Methods: A prospective cases-control study at regional level was conducted in the pediatrics and neonatology department of Hassan II hospital in Agadir from April 2016 to April 2018. Data on child and maternal variables were recorded for 3701 newborns. The types of congenital malformations  have been classified according to the codes of the International Classification of Diseases. Univariate analyzes were performed to identify the variables associated with the etiology of the malformations. Multiple logistic regression was used to characterize the associations between the MC and the determining explanatory variables taken into account simultaneously. Results: The results of these studies showed that there is a significant association between the incidence of the Congenital anomalies and the level of the consanguinity of the child, the prematurity of childbirth, the family history of CMs, the body mass index of the mother and the presence of major trauma during pregnancy. Conclusion: our results have made it possible to highlight the existence of an association between a certain number of risk factors and the occurrence of congenital malformations. Additional studies are needed to confirm and clarify the role of these risk factors.

scholarly journals Dental Calculus Is Associated with Death from Heart Infarction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Söder ◽  
Jukka H. Meurman ◽  
Per-Östen Söder
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Death ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Heart Infarction ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. We studied whether the amount of dental calculus is associated with death from heart infarction in the dental infection—atherosclerosis paradigm.Materials. Participants were 1676 healthy young Swedes followed up from 1985 to 2011. At the beginning of the study all subjects underwent oral clinical examination including dental calculus registration scored with calculus index (CI). Outcome measure was cause of death classified according to WHO International Classification of Diseases. Unpairedt-test, Chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regressions were used.Results. Of the 1676 participants, 2.8% had died during follow-up. Women died at a mean age of 61.5 years and men at 61.7 years. The difference in the CI index score between the survivors versus deceased patients was significant by the year 2009 (P<0.01). In multiple regression analysis of the relationship between death from heart infarction as a dependent variable and CI as independent variable with controlling for age, gender, dental visits, dental plaque, periodontal pockets, education, income, socioeconomic status, and pack-years of smoking, CI score appeared to be associated with 2.3 times the odds ratio for cardiac death.Conclusions. The results confirmed our study hypothesis by showing that dental calculus indeed associated statistically with cardiac death due to infarction.

The psycho-somato-vegetative mutual relations

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Митюшкина ◽  
O. Mityushkina ◽  
Сафоничева ◽  
O. Safonicheva ◽  
Троицкий ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Functional Representations ◽  
Endocrine Basis ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Energy Therapy

The review describes the history of the study of mental processes, the significance of the development of neuro-anatomy and pathology, neurology and psychiatry, as well as the opposition organic and functional representations in psychosomatics. The authors define the role of body-oriented bio-energy therapy, emotions, sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in the neuroses and psychoses. It is established the place of osteopa-thy, chiropractics in the correction of the musculoskeletal system disorders. The authors emphasize the impor-tance of psychosomatic approaches in holistic medicine and identify the significance of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision in the systematization of neurotic disorders, borderline conditions. The review shows the role of emotions, emotional reactions on the autonomic-endocrine basis in causing stress.

scholarly journals Has the incidence of empyema in Scottish children continued to increase beyond 2005?

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Nath ◽  
Matt Thomas ◽  
David Spencer ◽  
Steve Turner
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

BackgroundThe incidence of empyema increased dramatically in children during the 1990s and early 2000s. We investigated the relationship between changes in the incidence of childhood empyema in Scotland following the 2006 introduction of routine heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccination (PCv-7) and the 2010 introduction of the 13-valent (PCV-13) vaccine.MethodsThis was a whole-population study of Scottish hospital admissions between 1981 and 2013 using ICD (International Classification of Diseases)-9 and ICD-10 diagnostic codes for empyema. The number of admissions for pneumonia and croup was also captured to give insight into secular trends in admissions with other related and unrelated respiratory presentations.ResultsThere were 217 admissions with empyema between 1981 and 2005 (mean incidence 9 cases/million/year) and 323 between 2006 and 2013 (mean incidence 47 cases/million/year), p<0.001. The introduction of conjugate vaccines in 2006 was associated with an overall increase in admissions for empyema of 2.0 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.8) per 100 000 children, however, the incidence rate ratio for empyema admission between 2010 and 2013 was lower relative to 2006–2009 (0.78 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.98)). Secular changes in pneumonia, but not croup, were comparable with those for empyema.ConclusionsThe incidence of empyema in Scottish children initially rose in children aged 1 to 9 years after the introduction of routine conjugate pneumococcal vaccination, however, empyema incidence has fallen since 2010 when the PCV-13 was introduced.

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