Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2: Insight Into Challenges for Cell Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Kaviani ◽  
Negar Azarpira
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Prähospitaler Kreislaufstillstand im Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grübl ◽  
B. Plöger ◽  
M. C. Sassen ◽  
A. Jerrentrup ◽  
B. Schieffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Retrospektive Analyse ◽  
Neurologisches Outcome

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Das SARS-CoV‑2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) hat sich weltweit ausgebreitet. Folgen von Infektionspräventionsmaßnahmen im Rahmen solcher Ansteckungsereignisse können speziell für Patienten mit außerklinischem Kreislaufstillstand (OHCA) Nachteile ergeben. Methodik Retrospektive Analyse von OHCA eines Landkreises in den Monaten Januar bis einschließlich Mai von 2018 bis 2020, wobei in 2020 die erste Welle der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und in 2018 eine Hochinzidenzphase des Influenzavirus vorlag. Ergebnisse N = 497 OHCA wurden untersucht (2018 n = 173, 2019 n = 149, 2020 n = 175). Es zeigte sich eine gleichbleibende Reanimationsinzidenz (85–99 Reanimationen/100.000 Einwohner/Jahr) und eine lokal typische Klientel („mean“ 70 Jahre, 66 % männlich; Median PES 3). Es ergaben sich keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede bei der Ausgangslage der Patienten (Anzahl beobachteter OHCA, Häufigkeit an Laienreanimationen, vermutete Ursachen des OHCA, initialer EKG-Rhythmus) und dem Behandlungsverlauf (Häufigkeit an ROSC/Krankenhausaufnahme/Überleben bis Krankenhausentlassung, neurologisches Outcome). Keiner der OHCA-Patienten in 2020 bot ein positives SARS-CoV-2- und drei Patienten in 2018 ein positives Influenzatestergebnis. Diskussion Die Lockdown-Maßnahmen während der ersten SARS-CoV-2-Welle scheinen das Outcome von OHCA-Patienten ohne COVID-19 insgesamt nicht beeinflusst zu haben.

Insight Into The Molecular Basis Of The Anti‑Hyperglycemic Activity Of Ra‑3 In Type 2 Diabetic Rats And Its Cardioprotective Potential In Cultured Cardiomyoblasts

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 154646
Author(s):  
R.A. Mosa ◽  
S.E. Mabhida ◽  
N.F. Sangweni ◽  
P.V. Dludla ◽  
A.R. Opoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Considerations for Immune-Depleting Therapies

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Johann Sellner ◽  
Paulus S. Rommer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Restricted Use

Several concerns have been raised about the use of immunodepleting agents including alemtuzumab, cladribine and CD20-depleting antibodies in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) during the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic. As the end of the pandemic is not yet in sight, vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be an elegant strategy to overcome the potential hazards associated with initiating and continuing treatment with immune-depleting agents. In this review, we summarize the immunological effects of immune-depleting therapy and underlying considerations for the hitherto existing recommendations that suggest a restricted use of immune-deleting therapies during the pandemic. Moreover, we critically discuss open questions regarding vaccination in general and against SARS-CoV-2 in pwMS.

scholarly journals Brain sonography insight into the midbrain and basal ganglia in myotonic dystrophy type 2

2015 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. e343
Author(s):  
V. Rakocevic-Stojanovic ◽  
S. Peric ◽  
D. Savic-Pavicevic ◽  
J. Pesovic ◽  
D. Lavrnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2 ◽  
Brain Sonography ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals METFORMIN USE IN DIABETES PRIOR TO HOSPITALIZATION: EFFECTS ON MORTALITY IN COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1166-1172
Author(s):  
Jinghong Li ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
Willis X. Li ◽  
Karen C. McCowen ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Objective: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the effect of pharmacologic agents used to treat T2DM, such as metformin, on COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear. Metformin increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, a known receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Data from people with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 were used to test the hypothesis that metformin use is associated with improved survival in this population. Methods: Retrospective analyses were performed on de-identified clinical data from a major hospital in Wuhan, China, that included patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 during the recent epidemic. One hundred and thirty-one patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and T2DM were used in this study. The primary outcome was mortality. Demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, diabetes medications, and respiratory therapy data were also included in the analysis. Results: Of these 131 patients, 37 used metformin with or without other antidiabetes medications. Among the 37 metformin-taking patients, 35 (94.6%) survived and 2 (5.4%) did not survive. The mortality rates in the metformin-taking group versus the non-metformin group were 5.4% (2/37) versus 22.3% (21/94). Using multivariate analysis, metformin was found to be an independent predictor of survival in this cohort ( P = .02). Conclusion: This study reveals a significant association between metformin use and survival in people with T2DM diagnosed with COVID-19. These clinical data are consistent with potential benefits of the use of metformin for COVID-19 patients with T2DM. Abbreviations: ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; AMPK = AMP-activated protein kinase; BMI = body mass index; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; SARSCoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals An insight into antidiabetic properties of six medicinal and edible mushrooms: Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase linked to type-2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stojkovic ◽  
M. Smiljkovic ◽  
A. Ciric ◽  
J. Glamoclija ◽  
L. Van Griensven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals In Utero Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Von Kohorn ◽  
Sydney R Stein ◽  
Beatrix T Shikani ◽  
Marcos J Ramos-Benitez ◽  
Kevin M Vannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Hematogenous Spread ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Evidence for in utero transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is growing but not definitive. We present a case of neonatal infection that supports in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and provides insight into the hematogenous spread from mother to fetus.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Three Related Coronaviruses Utilize Multiple ACE2 Orthologs and Are Potently Blocked by an Improved ACE2-Ig

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujun Li ◽  
Haimin Wang ◽  
Xiaojuan Tang ◽  
Shisong Fang ◽  
Danting Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused >20 million infections and >750,000 deaths. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, has been found closely related to the bat coronavirus strain RaTG13 (Bat-CoV RaTG13) and a recently identified pangolin coronavirus (Pangolin-CoV-2020). Here, we first investigated the ability of SARS-CoV-2 and three related coronaviruses to utilize animal orthologs of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cell entry. We found that ACE2 orthologs of a wide range of domestic and wild mammals, including camels, cattle, horses, goats, sheep, cats, rabbits, and pangolins, were able to support cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that these species might be able to harbor and spread this virus. In addition, the pangolin and bat coronaviruses, Pangolin-CoV-2020 and Bat-CoV RaTG13, were also found able to utilize human ACE2 and a number of animal-ACE2 orthologs for cell entry, indicating risks of spillover of these viruses into humans in the future. We then developed potently anticoronavirus ACE2-Ig proteins that are broadly effective against the four distinct coronaviruses. In particular, through truncating ACE2 at its residue 740 but not 615, introducing a D30E mutation, and adopting an antibody-like tetrameric-ACE2 configuration, we generated an ACE2-Ig variant that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 at picomolar range. These data demonstrate that the improved ACE2-Ig variants developed in this study could potentially be developed to protect from SARS-CoV-2 and some other SARS-like viruses that might spillover into humans in the future. IMPORTANCE The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the currently uncontrolled coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is important to study the host range of SARS-CoV-2, because some domestic species might harbor the virus and transmit it back to humans. In addition, insight into the ability of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-like viruses to utilize animal orthologs of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 might provide structural insight into improving ACE2-based viral entry inhibitors. In this study, we found that ACE2 orthologs of a wide range of domestic and wild animals can support cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 and three related coronaviruses, providing insights into identifying animal hosts of these viruses. We also developed recombinant ACE2-Ig proteins that are able to potently block these viral infections, providing a promising approach to developing antiviral proteins broadly effective against these distinct coronaviruses.

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