scholarly journals Effect of the Difference in the Covering Methods on Growth of Tea Tree and the Canopy Surface Temperature in Summer Based on Thermal Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (127) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tetsuyuki Takemoto ◽  
Ken Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Covering Methods ◽  
The Difference

Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110237
Author(s):  
Ari Leshno ◽  
Ori Stern ◽  
Yaniv Barkana ◽  
Noa Kapelushnik ◽  
Reut Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and immune response are part of the sequence of pathological events leading to optic nerve damage in glaucoma. Changes in tissue temperature due to inflammation can be measured by thermographic imaging. We investigated the ocular surface temperature (OST) profile of glaucomatous eyes to better understand the pathophysiology of these conditions. Methods: Subjects diagnosed with glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] or pseudo exfoliation glaucoma [PXFG]) treated at the Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center (11/2019–11/2020.) were recruited. Healthy subjects with no ocular disease served as controls. The Therm-App thermal imaging camera was used for OST acquisition. Room and body temperatures were recorded, and the mean temperatures of the medial cantus, lateral cantus, and cornea were calculated with image processing software. Results: Thermographic images were obtained from 52 subjects (52 eyes: 25 POAG and 27 PXFG) and 66 controls (66 eyes). Eyes with glaucoma had a significantly higher OST compared to controls (mean 0.9 ± 0.3°C, p < 0.005). The difference between the two groups remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP) and room and body temperatures. Lens status and topical IOP-lowering medication did not significantly affect OST. A subgroup analysis revealed that the OST was higher among eyes with POAG compared to eyes with PXFG, but not significantly. Conclusions: Differences in the OST between glaucomatous and normal eyes strengthens current thinking that inflammation affects the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the prognostic value of thermographic evaluations in these patients.

scholarly journals The Value of a Decrease in Temperature by One Degree Celsius of the Regional Microclimate—The Cooling Effect of the Paddy Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Chiueh ◽  
Chih-Hung Tan ◽  
Hsiang-Yi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference

In the face of climate change, extreme climates are becoming more frequent. There were severe droughts in Taiwan in 2020, 2014–2015, and 2002. In these years, the paddy fields were kept fallow to save water and transfer agricultural water to non-agricultural use. On the other hand, with global warming, the existence of paddy fields may be one of the natural solutions to regional temperature mitigation. This study used remote sensing to quantify the difference in temperature between paddy fields and urban areas. The result of overall surface temperature deductive analysis revealed that the temperature in the whole Taoyuan research area was 1.2 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003 because of fallowing of the paddy field, while in the Hsinchu research area, it was 1.5 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003, due to the same reason described above. In terms of the difference in land use, for the Hsinchu research area, the surface temperature deductive result showed that the average paddy field temperature in 2002 was 22.3 °C (sample area average), which was 7.7 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 4.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. The average paddy field temperature in 2003 was 19.2 °C (sample area average), which was 10.1 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 8.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. Then this study evaluated the economic valuation of the paddy field cooling effect using the contingent valuation method. Through the paddy field cooling effect and in the face of worsening extreme global climate, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the respondents in Taiwan for a decrease of 1 °C with regard to the regional microclimate was evaluated. It was found that people in Taiwan are willing to pay an extra 8.89 USD/per kg rice/year for the paddy for a decrease in temperature by 1 °C in the regional microclimate due to the paddy field. Furthermore, this study applied the benefits transfer method to evaluate the value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan. The value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan is 9,693,144,279 USD/year. In this regard, the economic value of 1 °C must not be underestimated. In conclusion, more caution is needed while making decisions to change the land use of paddy fields to other land uses.

scholarly journals Can an Earth System Model simulate better climate change at mid-Holocene than an AOGCM? A comparison study of MIROC-ESM and MIROC3

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ohgaito ◽  
T. Sueyoshi ◽  
A. Abe-Ouchi ◽  
T. Hajima ◽  
S. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Precipitation Enhancement

Abstract. The importance of evaluating models through paleoclimate simulations is becoming more recognized in efforts to improve climate projection. To evaluate an integrated Earth System Model, MIROC-ESM, we performed simulations in time-slice experiments for the mid-Holocene (6000 yr before present, 6 ka) and preindustrial (1850 AD, 0 ka) periods under the protocol of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5/Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 3. We first give an overview of the simulated global climates by comparing with simulations using a previous version of the MIROC model (MIROC3), which is an atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model. We then comprehensively discuss various aspects of climate change with 6 ka forcing and how the differences in the models can affect the results. We also discuss the representation of the precipitation enhancement at 6 ka over northern Africa. The precipitation enhancement at 6 ka over northern Africa according to MIROC-ESM does not differ greatly from that obtained with MIROC3, which means that newly developed components such as dynamic vegetation and improvements in the atmospheric processes do not have significant impacts on the representation of the 6 ka monsoon change suggested by proxy records. Although there is no drastic difference between the African monsoon representations of the two models, there are small but significant differences in the precipitation enhancement over the Sahara in early summer, which can be related to the representation of the sea surface temperature rather than the vegetation coupling in MIROC-ESM. Because the oceanic parts of the two models are identical, the difference in the sea surface temperature change is ultimately attributed to the difference in the atmospheric and/or land modules, and possibly the difference in the representation of low-level clouds.

scholarly journals Facial Recognition for Drunk People Using Thermal Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agustin Sancen-Plaza ◽  
Luis M. Contreras-Medina ◽  
Alejandro Israel Barranco-Gutiérrez ◽  
Carlos Villaseñor-Mora ◽  
Juan J Martínez-Nolasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Local Binary Patterns ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Thermal Face

Face recognition using thermal imaging has the main advantage of being less affected by lighting conditions compared to images in the visible spectrum. However, there are factors such as the process of human thermoregulation that cause variations in the surface temperature of the face. These variations cause recognition systems to lose effectiveness. In particular, alcohol intake causes changes in the surface temperature of the face. It is of high relevance to identify not only if a person is drunk but also their identity. In this paper, we present a technique for face recognition based on thermal face images of drunk people. For the experiments, the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Drunk Thermal Face database (PUCV-DTF) was used. The recognition system was carried out by using local binary patterns (LBPs). The LBP features were obtained from the bioheat model from thermal image representation and a fusion of thermal images and a vascular network extracted from the same image. The feature vector for each image is formed by the concatenation of the LBP histogram of the thermogram with an anisotropic filter and the fused image, respectively. The proposed technique has an average percentage of 99.63% in the Rank-10 cumulative classification; this performance is superior compared to using LBP in thermal images that do not use the bioheat model.

Research note: Leaf cooling curves: measuring leaf temperature in sunlight

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Leigh ◽  
John D. Close ◽  
Marilyn C. Ball ◽  
Katharina Siebke ◽  
Adrienne B. Nicotra
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Infrared Studies ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
The Difference

Despite the obvious benefits of using thermography under field conditions, most infrared studies at the leaf level are generally conducted in the laboratory. One reason for this bias is that accuracy can potentially be compromised in sunlight because reflected radiation from the leaf might affect the calculation of the temperature measurement. We have developed a method for measuring leaf temperature in sunlight by using thermal imagery to generate cooling curves from which the time constant for cooling, τ, can be calculated. The original temperature of the sunlit leaf may be determined by extrapolating backwards in time. In the absence of specular reflection, there is close agreement between the extrapolated sunlit temperature and the sunlit temperature recorded by the camera. However, when reflected radiation is high, the difference between the initial (incorrect) temperature determined from the sunlit image and the temperature extrapolated from the cooling curve can be > 2°C. Notably, our results demonstrate a close agreement between the extrapolated sunlit temperature and the temperature of the leaf approximately 1 s after being shaded, suggesting that this shaded image provides a good estimate of the original sunlit temperature. Thus, our technique provides two means for measuring leaf surface temperature in sunlight.

An Experience of Ageing on XLPE Insulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Ariastina ◽  
A. I. Weking ◽  
I. N. S. Kumara ◽  
I. A. D. Giriantari ◽  
I. N. Sugiarta
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Insulation Degradation ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Conductor Temperature ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
Distribution Feeder ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Insulator ◽  
Xlpe Insulation

A case study of ageing on XLPE conductor insulation of 20kV primary distribution feeder is presented in this paper. The insulation degradation mainly occurred around conductor tie where the conductor is attached to the post insulator. A section of distribution feeder with defects on the conductor insulation has been examined for this study. Potential losses due to presence of discharges have been investigated by measuring the difference current at locations of the affected conductor. Temperature measurements of the insulation surface have also been carried out. Provisional maintenance procedures were introduced to eliminate the discharges. Measurements of current and surface temperature were repeated nine months after completion of the maintenance work. Results indicated that the discharges have been completely disappeared.

Surface Temperature Field Statistics at an Air/Water Interface for Grid-Generated Sub-Surface Turbulence

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Flack ◽  
Geoffrey B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Evaporative Convection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Oscillation Frequencies

Surface temperature fields and statistics are presented for the case of sub-surface grid-generated turbulence impacting an air/water interface. Temperature measurements are obtained with an infrared camera, sensitive in the 3–5 micron wavelength range. Results indicate that increased grid oscillation frequencies, and shallower grid depths, lead to increased surface mixing, yielding lower values of RMS temperature. Non-dimensionalization of the RMS temperatures using the difference in the average surface and the bulk fluid temperatures, collapses the data obtained for different grid depths and oscillation frequencies. This scaling is related to the thermal boundary layer thickness. The results are compared to the baseline case of turbulence due to evaporative convection without an oscillating grid.

scholarly journals Evaluation of TsHARP Utility for Thermal Sharpening of Sentinel-3 Satellite Images Using Sentinel-2 Visual Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Huryna ◽  
Yafit Cohen ◽  
Arnon Karnieli ◽  
Natalya Panov ◽  
William P. Kustas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sentinel 2

A spatially distributed land surface temperature is important for many studies. The recent launch of the Sentinel satellite programs paves the way for an abundance of opportunities for both large area and long-term investigations. However, the spatial resolution of Sentinel-3 thermal images is not suitable for monitoring small fragmented fields. Thermal sharpening is one of the primary methods used to obtain thermal images at finer spatial resolution at a daily revisit time. In the current study, the utility of the TsHARP method to sharpen the low resolution of Sentinel-3 thermal data was examined using Sentinel-2 visible-near infrared imagery. Compared to Landsat 8 fine thermal images, the sharpening resulted in mean absolute errors of ~1 °C, with errors increasing as the difference between the native and the target resolutions increases. Part of the error is attributed to the discrepancy between the thermal images acquired by the two platforms. Further research is due to test additional sites and conditions, and potentially additional sharpening methods, applied to the Sentinel platforms.

scholarly journals Field Measurement of PV Array Temperature for Tracking and Concentrating 1 k WpGenerators Installed in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Effendy Ya’acob ◽  
H. Hizam ◽  
M. Amran M. Radzi ◽  
M. Z. A. A. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Bottom Temperature ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Condition ◽  
Pv Generator

The effect of temperature elements for PV array with tracking and concentrating features installed in the tropical ground condition is presented. The temperature segment covers ambient temperature and surface and bottom temperature for three types of PV generator systems, namely, Fixed Flat (FF), Tracking Flat (TF), and Concentrating PV (CPV) generators. The location of measuring the cell temperature,Tcfor the PV module is still being debated by researchers with the issue of how much the cell temperature (Tc) is being affected by the surface temperature (Ts), bottom temperature (Tb), and surrounding temperature (Ta) furthermore when it is located in fluctuating weather conditions. In this study,ΔTis calculated based on the difference between surface temperature and bottom-side temperaturewhichever the highest recorded at site for different kinds of PV generator systems but using the same CEEG 95 W monocrystalline PV module. The study embraces the direct correlation of various temperature elements in tropical-based condition withΔTvalues of 2.19°C for FF module, 2.22°C for TF module, and 2.72°C for CPV module. These values which reflect the different unique configurations are further analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test forTarraymodels. This study supports the continuous research in adapting PV technology for Malaysia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document