scholarly journals The role of dominant personality traits in multiple perpetrator rape proclivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia A. Petrella ◽  
Leigh Harkins
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Rape Proclivity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Relationships

Background/Aim Multiple perpetrator sexual assaults (MPSA) often involve more severe forms of sexual violation and result in a host of impairments for the victim. To further investigate the characteristics of MPSA, researchers have taken an interest in personality traits, varying group dynamics, and the role a leader may play. This study examines the possible linkage between dominant personality characteristics and the propensity to engage in multiple perpetrator sexual assault. Method Using anonymous online surveys, university student participants were assessed on The Personality Scale for Dominance and the Multiple Perpetrator Rape Proclivity Scale (M-PRIS). We hypothesized that dominant personality traits would predict M-PRIS proclivity score. Results Of 176 respondents, 84 heterosexual males completed both measures. Dominance scores did not significantly predict total M-PRIS score, F(1,82) = 1.1, p = .296, the Enjoyment subscale score, F(1,82) = .66, p = .420, the Likelihood subscale score, F(1,86) = 1.13, p = .292, or the Arousal subscale score, F(1,82) = 0.66, p = .419. Conclusion In this study, dominance was not associated with a proclivity for multiple perpetrator sexual violence. Other important factors, such as psychopathy or deviant sexual interests, may mediate the relationship between dominant personality traits and the tendency to initiate a multiple perpetrator sexual assault. Future studies should examine alternative relationships in hopes of gaining a clearer picture of individuals who exhibit a proclivity for sexual violence with the aim to inform prevention and practice.

Sexist Humor and Rape Proclivity: The Moderating Role of Joke Teller Gender and Severity of Sexual Assault

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Romero-Sánchez ◽  
Hugo Carretero-Dios ◽  
Jesús L. Megías ◽  
Miguel Moya ◽  
Thomas E. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Sexist Humor ◽  
Rape Proclivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Three experiments examined the effect of sexist humor on men’s self-reported rape proclivity (RP). Pilot study demonstrated that people differentiate the five rape scenarios of Bohner et al.’s. RP Scale based on the degree of physical violence perpetrated against the victim. Experiment 1 demonstrated that men higher in hostile sexism report greater RP upon exposure to sexist jokes when a woman (vs. a man) delivers them, and that this effect is limited to rape scenarios depicting a moderate versus a high level of physical violence. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that the relationship between hostile sexism and rape proclivity in response to a moderately violent rape scenario after exposure to sexist humor generalizes beyond women in the immediate humor context to women as a whole.

scholarly journals The Mediating Role of Alexithymia in the Relationship of Coping Strategies and Personality Traits With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Masoud Bagheri ◽  
◽  
Kazem Nematollah Zadeh Mahani ◽  
Maryam Pour Amrollahi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the severe psychological health problems imposing considerable social and economic costs on society. OCD debilitating symptoms can disrupt interpersonal relations, job performance, and life quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between coping strategies and personality traits with OCD. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study. The study population consists of all people with OCD referred to psychiatric clinics in Kerman City, Iran, during 2018-2019. Of this population, 200 patients were selected using a convenience sampling method. Research instruments included the ways of coping questionnaire, NEO five-factor personality inventory, Toronto alexithymia scale, and Maudsley obsessive-compulsive test. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and simultaneous and hierarchical regression in SPSS v. 23. Findings: Personality traits had a negative significant correlation with alexithymia (r=0.523, P<0.000) and OCD (r=0.253, P<0.000). Alexithymia had a significant positive correlation with OCD (r=0.272, P<0.000). There was no correlation between problem-focused coping and alexithymia (r=-0.045, P<0.531). There was a positive correlation between emotion-focused coping and OCD (r=0.198, P<0.000). The fit indices indicated a good fit of the proposed model (P<0.005). Conclusion: Alexithymia, as a mediator of the relationship between coping styles and personality traits with OCD, plays an essential role in improving the psychological health of people with OCD.

The role of brand personality in the formation of consumer affect and self-brand connection

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin F. McManus ◽  
Sergio W. Carvalho ◽  
Valerie Trifts
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Brand Personality Traits

Purpose This study aims to explore the role of brand personality traits in explaining how different levels of brand favorability evoke affect from and forge connections to consumers. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a quantitative approach consisting of within-subjects (Study 1) and between-subjects (Study 2) experimental designs. Mediation analyses were tested using OLS regression with the MEMORE and PROCESS macros. Findings Findings suggest increases in brand excitement and sincerity to be related to differences in positive affect evoked by favorable and unfavorable brands; decreases in brand sincerity to be related to differences in negative affect between favorable and unfavorable brands (Study 1); brand competence and excitement to be related to the relationship between brand favorability and self-brand connection; and brand competence and excitement to best distinguish favorable brands from unfavorable brands (Study 2). Originality/value These results support the importance of brand personality traits that are considered to be universally positive and provide managers with an initial roadmap for which brand personality traits should be prioritized when communicating with consumers.

Sexual Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 302-312
Author(s):  
Ruchi Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Forms Of Violence

It takes seconds of impulsiveness for an act of sexual abuse to cross the thin line to convert into an act of sexual violence and vice-versa. There are cases where the act of sexual violence is initiated with consent, and there are acts of sexual violence that fall under the umbrella term sexual assault. This chapter examines the role of violence in sexual abuse, i.e. sexual violence. The first section reviews the definitions of sexual violence and throwing some light on forms of violence in sexual abuse and violation of consent during an act of sexual violence. The second section reviews the risk factors and causal for sexual violence. The third section presents an overview of different perspectives on violence in context to sexual abuse are mentioned and examined.

scholarly journals The Mediating Effect of Hostility Toward Women on the Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Sexual Violence Perpetration

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana M. Vivolo-Kantor ◽  
Sarah DeGue ◽  
David DiLillo ◽  
Lorraine E. Cuadra
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Sexually Violent ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
The Relationship

Some evidence suggests that childhood emotional abuse (CEA) may serve as a risk factor for sexual violence (SV) perpetration; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which CEA may influence SV. This study examined the relationship between CEA and SV by assessing the mediating role of hostility toward women (HTW) in a sample of adjudicated adult males (N = 360). Approximately 1 in 5 participants was classified as sexually violent based on self-reported behavior and/or criminal records. Results indicated that CEA significantly predicted HTW and SV, and HTW significantly predicted SV. As hypothesized, the relationship between CEA and SV was no longer significant after controlling for HTW, supporting the role of HTW as a mediator between CEA and SV. Efforts that aim to prevent CEA or that address early aggressive attitudes or behavior toward women may have a positive impact on preventing or reducing SV.

Effects of Intrafamilial Sexual Assault on Eating Behaviors

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy D. Bostwick Baldo ◽  
Scott D. Wallace ◽  
M. Sean O'Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Eating Problem ◽  
University Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research has linked sexual assaults with disordered eating behaviors. Whether the relationship of the perpetrator, intrafamilial or extrafamilial, affects the development of disturbed eating is not known. Using data from 390 university women, we found that women with histories of intrafamilial assaults were more likely to suffer a serious eating problem (17 of 36 subjects, 47%) than women who had no history of sexual assault (30 of 142 subjects, 21%) and women who only reported extrafamilial assaults (76 of 212 subjects, 36%).

scholarly journals The role of extraversion and neuroticism for experiencing stress during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Bellingtier ◽  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Cornelia Wrzus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Stress

AbstractAlthough long postulated, it has been scarcely researched how personality traits play out differently in distinct situations. We examined if Neuroticism and Extraversion, personality traits known to moderate stress processes, function differently in highly stressful situations requiring reduced social contact, that is, the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on past findings, we expected neuroticism to be associated with exacerbated perceptions of stress. In contrast to past findings, we expected extraversion, which usually ameliorates stress, to be associated with intensified perceptions of stress, especially in regard to the sociability facet. During the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, one-hundred-thirty adults (age M = 21.7 years) reported on their personality traits including their facets with the BFI-2, COVID-19-related stressors, and their perceived stress during the last month (using the PSS). Findings indicated that neuroticism was associated with higher perceived stress regardless of the COVID-19-related stressors experienced. Facet level analysis revealed differences for anxiety, depression, and volatility. Importantly, trait extraversion was unassociated with stress experiences, whereas specifically the facet of sociability was associated with higher perceived stress. Also, the facets of assertiveness and energy both moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related stressors and perceived stress. In line with the transactional theory of stress, our findings indicate that perceptions of stress were best understood by looking at the interaction of environmental stressors and personality differences. Furthermore, the study substantiates that facets of personality traits offer unique information beyond broad traits in specific contexts.

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