scholarly journals Questionable Use of the Mathematical Concept of Equivalence by Psychologists

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
Makoto Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Equivalence Relation ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Mathematical Concept

Psychologists have applied the mathematical concept of an equivalence relation to such topics as concept formation and foundations of language. This line of research is not without controversies, and most researchers have only intuitive understanding of this mathematical concept. In this article, accessible explanations are provided on fundamental issues that have implications for empirical research.

Note on Suppes' "Mathematical concept formation."

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence T. Frase
Keyword(s):  
Concept Formation ◽  
Mathematical Concept

scholarly journals O Problema do Poder Efetivo na Câmara dos Deputados

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Barbosa de Morais ◽  
Mário César San Felice ◽  
Pedro Henrique Del Bianco Hokama ◽  
Gabriel Ávila Casalecchi
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Power Index ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
The Political ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
The One ◽  
Index Problem

Proportionality in political representation is an essential theme forrepresentative democracy. In Brazil, this debate appears in the contextof non-proportionality between a federative unit’s populationsize and its number of representatives in the Chamber of Deputies.In other words, the number of deputies in a state is not proportionalto its number of inhabitants, which violates the "one man, one vote"principle.Discussions around this disproportionality have motivated scholarsto develop empirical research that aims to identify the causesand consequences of the phenomenon and to analyze the impactthat the rule introduces in the political process. This article seeksto contribute to this debate by measuring the effective power ofeach Brazilian federation’s entity and proposing alternatives ofdistribution for the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies.To this end, we use a mathematical concept from game theory,called Power Index, which allows quantifying the existing representationaldiscrepancies. After evaluating several distributions, wesolved the Inverse Power Index Problem (IPIP) to obtain a distributionof chairs that reduces such disparities. To solve the IPIP, whichis computationally hard, we use an evolutionary heuristic. As anobjective function to minimize the discrepancy, we use the linearShapley rule, in which the power index of each state is proportionalto its population.

Negative Instances and Mathematical Concept Formation: A Preliminary Study

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Richard J. Shumway
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
Syllogistic Reasoning ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Common Error ◽  
The Common ◽  
Preliminary Study

Are there measurable differences in general mathematics achievement, inductive reasoning, syllogistic reasoning, perceptual speed, and tendency to overgeneralize between groups learning mathematical concepts through the use of positive instances (C groups), and groups learning mathematical concepts through the use of both positive and negative instances (E groups)? 84 eighth grade mathematics students in 4 classes served as subjects for 65 days. Analysis of variance and covariance of pre- and posttest means yielded significant differences (p<.05) indicating that the E groups tended to overgeneralize less frequently than the C groups. No other differences in means were significant (p<.05). It appears that the use of negative instances may be a means for controlling the common error of overgeneralization.

scholarly journals Anti-System Parties Revisited: Concept Formation and Guidelines for Empirical Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Zulianello
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Front National ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Five Star Movement

On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the concept of anti-system party it is time to ask whether it enjoys good health in addition to longevity. Reflecting on what constitutes an anti-system party appears to be of unprecedented relevance, particularly in the light of the electoral success of populist parties such as the French Front National, the Five Star Movement in Italy and Syriza in Greece. This article highlights two crucial questions that remain unsolved if we follow existing conceptualizations: What are the boundaries of the concept? When does a party cease to be anti-system and how can it be reclassified thereafter? In order to overcome such limitations, this article develops a revisited concept of anti-system party and provides a set of guidelines for its empirical application. Furthermore, a novel typology capable of investigating the evolution of anti-system parties and classifying political parties in general is presented.

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