scholarly journals Self-censorship orientation: Scale development, correlates and outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Sharvit ◽  
Daniel Bar-Tal ◽  
Boaz Hameiri ◽  
Anat Zafran ◽  
Eldad Shahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Stage 1

Self-censorship is defined as intentionally and voluntarily withholding information from others in absence of formal obstacles. We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal research to develop a quantitative measure of individuals’ Self-Censorship Orientation (SCO) and investigated its correlates and outcomes in the context of the intractable Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Stage 1 investigated the factor structure of the scale and its convergent and discriminant validity in a representative sample (N = 499). Findings revealed two negatively related factors representing preferences for self-censorship and for disclosure of information. The factors were distinct from measures of similar constructs and correlated as expected with variables representing conservatism, ingroup commitment and universalistic values. In Stage 2, participants were re-surveyed five months later to establish test-retest reliability and predictive validity. SCO factors assessed at Stage 1 predicted readiness to conceal or reveal information portraying the ingroup’s conduct in the conflict negatively beyond all Stage 1 measures. The SCO scale provides a reliable and valid instrument for future investigations of self-censorship and its individual and societal implications.

Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) in Iranian patients with cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hamid Sharif Nia ◽  
Mobin Mohammadinezhad ◽  
Kelly A. Allen ◽  
Christopher Boyle ◽  
Saeed Pahlevan Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Iranian Patients

Abstract Objective The spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) is a widely used clinical scale which should be evaluated for Iranian patients with cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the SWBS in Iranian patients with cancer. Method This cross-sectional, methodological study was conducted among Iranian patients with cancer (n = 400). The participants were recruited using convenience sampling. The content, construct, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability of the Persian version of the SWBS were evaluated. Results A two-factor structure for the scale was indicated with the factors being: connecting with God and meaningless life that explained 54.18% of the total variance of the concept of spiritual well-being. The results demonstrated the model had a good fit. Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and the inter-item correlation values of the factors indicated good internal consistency of the scale. Significance of results These results suggest that the Persian version of the SWBS is a reliable and valid measure to assess the spiritual well-being of patients with cancer through 16 items related to connecting with God and meaningless life.

Abstract 17275: Evaluating the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Four Frailty Instruments in Adults With Heart Failure: Results From the Frame-HF Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julee McDonagh ◽  
Yenna Salamonson ◽  
Roslyn Prichard ◽  
Sunita R Jha ◽  
Caleb Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Nyha Classification

Introduction: Frailty assessment has become increasingly common in those with heart failure. The most frequently used frailty instrument is the Frailty Phenotype (FP). The validity of this instrument in those with heart failure is yet to be determined. Aim: To examine the convergent and discriminant validity of four frailty instruments: i) the FP ii) a Questionnaire-only version of FP [q-FP]; iii) St. Vincent’s Frailty [SVF]; and iv) the Frailty Instrument for Primary Care of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe [SHARE-FI] for assessing the frailty status of adults with heart failure. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey design, individuals aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed with heart failure were recruited from the inpatient cardiology ward and outpatient heart failure clinic of a metropolitan academic hospital. In addition to assessing all items of the frailty instruments, other data collected included: a) NYHA classification; b) quality of life and health status using the EQ-5D-5L; c) physical status using the Australian-modified Karnofsky Performance Scale (AKPS); and d) 10-item Depression in Medically Ill (DMI) measure. Results: A total of 131 participants were recruited and included in the analyses, there were wide variations in frailty status across the four frailty instruments (Figure 1). Inter-correlations were highest between SVF and SHARE-FI instruments ( r = 0.62). The NYHA classification were correlated with SVF ( r = 0.46) and SHARE-FI ( r = 0.42). Similarly, all EQ-5D-5L dimensions were correlated with both SVF and SHARE-FI but not with FP or q-FP. The SVF differentiated between high and low AKPS scores (χ 2 = 11.70, df : 2, p = 0.003) and DMI scores (χ 2 = 7.28, df : 2, p = 0.026). Similarly, the SHARE-FI also had good discriminant validity using AKPS scores (χ 2 = 9.25, df : 2, p = 0.010) and DMI scores (χ 2 = 14.32, df : 2, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The SVF and SHARE-FI demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. Both instruments provide a valid alternative to the FP for the assessment of frailty in those with heart failure. Figure 1: Classification of frailty categories: FP, Questionnaire-only FP, SVF and SHARE-FI

Urdu translation and validation of clinically useful depression outcome scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Wajid Mauna Gauhar ◽  
Humaira Jami
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Translation And Validation

Objective: To translate and validate Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale on Urdu speaking Pakistani population. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad from January 2018 to November 2019 on a conveniently available sample. The process of translation and validation was conducted in two phases. In the first phase the scale was forward and backward translated. In the second phase it was validated on a convenient sample of 170 subjects. 85 of these were from clinical and 85 were from non-clinical setting. After descriptive analysis, Cronbach’s alpha as a reliability coefficient, test-retest reliability, item-to-total correlation for internal consistency, Pearson product-moment for convergent and discriminant validity, and independent sample t-test for contrast group mean comparison were computed for validation purpose on the data through SPSS 22. Cross-language validation and mean comparison of the original and translated scale were established on a separate sample of 82 participants as indicators for equivalence.  Result: The translated scale was found to be internally consistent with satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliabilities.  Convergent and discriminant validity were in assumed directions. Significant mean differences between clinical and non-clinical groups indicated the diagnostic capability of the scale. Significant cross-language correlations and non-significant mean differences between original and translated version showed that the Urdu version can be considered as equivalent to original English version. Conclusion: Results of the study found the translated scale to be as a reliable and valid Instrument. Keywords: Depression, Urdu-translation, psychometrics, reliability, validity. Continuous....

scholarly journals Measurement of Stigma in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hanoi, Vietnam: Assessment of a Homosexuality-Related Stigma Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huy Ha ◽  
Michael W. Ross ◽  
Jan M. H. Risser ◽  
Huong T. M. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Fit Index

Objective. To develop and assess a homosexuality-related stigma scale among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2011. We used a cross-validation approach. Factor analysis was performed, and interitem correlation matrices were constructed to identify the latent factor structures, examine the goodness of fit, and assess convergent and discriminant validity of the determined scales. Internal consistency checks were performed in split samples and whole sample, and separately for each determined factor. Results. The findings were consistent in split samples. Three homosexuality-related stigma factors were identified: enacted homosexual stigma, perceived homosexual stigma, and internalized homosexual stigma. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis in both split samples supported the hypothesized three-factor structures (in subsamples A and B: χ2/degrees of freedom ratio = 1.77 and 1.59, nonnormed fit index = 0.92 and 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.93 and 0.95, and the root mean square of approximation = 0.06 and 0.05, resp.). The interitem correlation supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales. The reliability of the three scales indicated good consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.79–0.84) across split samples and for the whole data. Conclusion. Our scales have good psychometric properties for measuring homosexuality-related stigma. These comprehensive and practical tools are crucial not only to assess stigma against MSM and its consequence, but also to guide the development of interventions targeting MSM, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of existing stigma reduction efforts in Vietnam and other countries with similar settings.

scholarly journals A Measure of Depression in a Modern Asian Community: Singapore

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weining C. Chang ◽  
Jessie Bee Kim Koh
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Interpersonal Dimension ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages

The construct validity of two depression measures, Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Asian Adolescents Depression Scale (AADS), was investigated. Three studies were conducted using two samples collected in two stages, and the results were used to construct the Asian Depression Scale (ADS). Participants responded to the SDS and AADS in random order of presentation during stage 1; two months later, validation variables were collected. Study 1 found that the SDS is a reliable and valid measure of depression for Singaporean Chinese, but it does not cover the interpersonal dimension found in the AADS. Study 2 combined the two measures and found six factors. One of these factors, negative social self, which was a unique Asian depressive symptom cluster, consisted only of AADS items, while the affective manifestation and psychosomatic symptoms factor primarily consisted of items from the SDS. Study 3 selected high-loading items from the identified factors to construct the ADS, which showed excellent internal reliability, and good convergent and discriminant validity. Incremental predictive validity found on criterion data collected in stage 2, supported the nonspuriousness of the Asian Depression Scale.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Health Technology Diffusion in Integrated Care System (DHTDICS): A Development and Validation Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwen Deng ◽  
Wenbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Care ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Care System

Abstract Background Limited diffusion and utilization of health technology has greatly halted the improvement of resource integration and healthcare outcomes. However, the dynamic mechanism of health technology diffusion in the context of integrated care system (ICS) remained largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the scale on Dynamics of Health Technology Diffusion in Integrated Care System (DHTDICS) for providing instruments to investigate the health technology diffusion in ICS.Methods The scale was initially designed on the basis of the proposed model developed from previous research. And it was validated in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess domains in the questionnaire, and analyzed factorials, internal consistency and validity of the questionnaire. Results Reliability analysis revealed excellent internal consistency, as the value of Cronbach’s alpha all greater than 0.80 for four of the domains in this study. An acceptable validity was confirmed through tests of construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. With respect to the potential domains and dimensions that DHTDICS contributes, the results highlight the existence of 4 domains: personal beliefs, technical drivers, organizational readiness and external environment.Conclusions The findings of this study will be capable to serve as a valid instrument to measure health technology diffusion, and be also helpful in developing future intervention strategies to promote the health technology diffusion in ICS.

scholarly journals Factors associated with mobility decrease leading to disability: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan, with results from 8681 adults aged 20-89 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Yamada ◽  
Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoichi M. Ito ◽  
Takashi Ohe
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Locomotive Syndrome ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Overweight Status ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Background Mobility decrease leading to disability can gradually develop during early life, however, its related factors are not well clarified. Therefore, we investigate the related factors of mobility decrease at various levels, using nationwide data in Japan. Methods In total, 8681 independent community dwellers aged 20-89 years were analysed (average age, 51.6 years; 58.5% women). Three stages of mobility decrease were based on the locomotive syndrome risk test: Stage 1, emerging; Stage 2, progressing; Stage 3, progressed to restrict social engagement. Age was analysed using a simple quadratic function model. Results The prevalence of Stages 1-3 was 31.6% (n = 2746), 5.8% (n = 504), and 3.2% (n = 278), respectively. On the multivariable logistic regression, increased age in participants aged ≥40 years (stage 1: odds ratio[OR] 1.05-1.20, stage 2: OR 1.04-1.22, stage 3: OR 1.05-1.22), female (stage 1: OR 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99-2.61, stage 2: OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.77-3.25, stage 3: OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.19-2.72), overweight status (stage 1: OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.34-1.82, stage 2: OR 3.19, 95% CI 2.38-4.27, stage 3: OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.90-4.32), hypertension (stage 1: OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.41, stage 2: OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.49-2.64, stage 3: OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.44-3.05), and diabetes mellitus (stage 1: OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17-2.24, stage 2: OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.93-2.66, stage 3: OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.13-3.90) were positively associated. The frequency of physical activity/sports, even a few per month, was inversely associated with all stages (stage 1: OR 0.59-0.72, stage 2: OR 0.50-0.67, stage 3: 0.36-0.53). A one-year increase in age had a stronger impact on mobility decrease in older adults than in younger ones. Increased age in participants aged < 40 years and smoking were associated with Stage 1, while intake of various foods was inversely associated with Stages 1 and 2. Conclusion Increased age (< 40 years) was associated with emerging mobility decrease, while that (≥ 40 years) was associated with any levels of mobility decrease. Female, lifestyle habits, including physical activities and overweight status, were associated with mobility decrease at every level.

scholarly journals From Perceived Supervisor Social Power to Employee Commitment: Definition and Scale Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léandre Alexis Chénard-Poirier ◽  
Christian Vandenberghe ◽  
Alexandre J. S. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Future Research ◽  
English Canada ◽  
Affective Organizational Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
French Canada ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

It has been theoretically proposed that employees’ perceptions of their supervisor social power in the organization entail a potential to influence their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. However, no study has investigated such potential. This lack of research stems from the absence of a common understanding around the meaning of perceived supervisor social power (PSSP) and the absence of any validated measure. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to establish PSSP definition and to validate a five-item scale to measure this construct. Three studies encompassing four independent samples of employees from three different countries and three different languages (i.e., France, cross-sectional [Study 1, Sample 1], Canada, cross-sectional [Study 1, Sample 2: French Canada; Study 2: English Canada], Romania, two-wave data collection [Study 3]) were conducted to assess the validity of PSSP. Results showed that responses to the PSSP scale presented excellent psychometric properties (i.e., factor validity, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity). Furthermore, the structure of the proposed five-item measure of PSSP was found to be invariant across four samples. Finally, PSSP nomological validity (i.e., integration into a nomological network) was assessed. Study 1 and Study 2 showed that PSSP was positively related to affective organizational commitment. All three studies showed that PSSP acted as a positive moderator of the relation between affective commitment to the supervisor and affective organizational commitment. Together, these studies support the psychometric soundness of the PSSP scale and presented the first evidence of its potential to influence followers. Implications of these findings for future research on supervisor social power are discussed.

scholarly journals A short scale for measuring attitudes towards the doctor-patient relationship: psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the German Patient-Practitioner-Orientation Scale (PPOS-D6)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12604
Author(s):  
Roman Pauli ◽  
Saskia Wilhelmy
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Experience ◽  
German Patient ◽  
Orientation Scale

Background The Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) was originally developed to compare doctor’s and patient’s consensus regarding patient centeredness. Research assumed PPOS measurements to be comparable across different groups of participants, however, without assessing the actual validity of this assumption. In this study, we investigate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a short version of the German translation of the PPOS. Methods Based on a cross-sectional survey of N = 332 medical students, we present a short version of the German Patient-Practitioner-Orientation Scale (PPOS-D6) and examine its psychometric properties as well as measurement invariance across participants with varying levels of medical experience and gender using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Results Results indicate that PPOS-D6 provides valid and reliable measurements of patient-centeredness that are invariant across participants with different medical experience. Preliminary results also suggest invariance across gender. Conclusion PPOS-D6 is a suitable and efficient measure to compare group-specific attitudes towards the doctor-patient interaction. Additional research on convergent and discriminant validity and divergent study samples is advised.

scholarly journals Medición y comparación de la actitud docente hacia la salud mental en la escuela (Measurement and comparison of teacher attitude towards mental health in school)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 660-671
Author(s):  
Diego García-Álvarez ◽  
Juan Diego Hernández Lalinde ◽  
Yan Ureña Villamizar ◽  
Paula Andrea Suddy Olarte ◽  
Victoria Isabel Medina Azuaje
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Teacher Attitude ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Las Mujeres

  El objetivo fue analizar la validez, confiabilidad e invarianza de la Escala de Actitud Docente hacia la Salud Mental en la Escuela, además de comparar sus dimensiones según características sociodemográficas. A nivel metodológico es un estudio instrumental, comparativo, transversal y no experimental integrado por 200 docentes. El instrumento reportó propiedades adecuadas, aunque mostró debilidades en la validez convergente y discriminante. Se hallaron diferencias a favor de las mujeres en las actitudes favorables, así como en los disgustos y expectativas; también a favor del personal docente de instituciones públicas en las actitudes favorables y desfavorables. La escala es apta para medir este constructo, pero debe profundizarse en su dimensionalidad. Abstract. The aim was to analyze the validity, reliability and invariance of the Teacher Attitude towards Mental Health in School Scale, in addition to compare its dimensions according to sociodemographic characteristics. At a methodological level, it’s an instrumental, comparative, cross-sectional and non-experimental study composed of 200 teachers from Maracaibo. The scale reported adequate properties, although it showed weaknesses in convergent and discriminant validity. Differences in favor of women were found in favorable attitudes and in dislikes and expectations; also in favor of public school teachers in favorable and unfavorable attitudes. The scale is suitable to measure this construct in Venezuelan teachers, but it must be deepened in its dimensionality.

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