scholarly journals How to interpret tree mortality on large-scale color aerial photographs /

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Croft ◽  
David A. Hamilton ◽  
Robert Chester Heller ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Aerial Photographs

Assessing spruce budworm damage with small-format aerial photographs

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack McCarthy ◽  
Charles E. Olson Jr. ◽  
John A. Witter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Silvicultural Management ◽  
Ground Survey ◽  
Damage Condition ◽  
Ground Damage

Methods of evaluating forest damage are designed to provide information for detection, control, and preventative management. In this study the use of small-format aerial photographs to assess spruce budworm, Choristoneurafumiferana (Clemens), damage was evaluated. A procedure was developed to identify spruce–fir stand vulnerability and establish inventory data for silvicultural management considerations. Large-scale (1:4800) 35-mm color positives of eight spruce–fir stands were obtained in July and August 1979. Defoliation intensity and tree mortality of host species were the parameters used to assess damage severity. Individual stands were assigned separate damage rating values based on aerial and ground survey evaluations of defoliation and mortality. Comparison of aerial and ground damage severity ratings was accomplished with a contingency table. Results show photointerpretation of forest damage condition matched ground inspection in seven of eight stands surveyed.

Estimating root disease losses in northern Rocky Mountain national forests

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. James ◽  
C. A. Stewart ◽  
R. E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Commercial Forest

Root disease losses were estimated on more than 3 million hectares of commercial forest land within seven national forests in the northern Rocky Mountains. Area estimates were made for root disease centers on all seven forests and scattered tree mortality on three forests. Tree mortality rate and associated volume loss were estimated for two forests. Approximately 31 600 ha (about 1% of the total commercial forest land) were occupied by large active disease centers discernable from large-scale aerial photographs on these forests. About 13% of the commercial forest land of three forests contained scattered root disease mortality of at least 3 trees/ha. About 35% of the annual tree mortality was associated with root diseases on two forests. Major root pathogens found were Armillariamellea and Phellinusweirii; bark beetles often infested root-diseased trees. Recommendations for improvement of survey techniques are discussed.

Classification of vegetation in Cucphuong National Park with the aim of large-scale mapping, Vietnam

1996 ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguen Nghia Thin ◽  
Nguen Ba Thu ◽  
Tran Van Thuy
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

The tropical seasonal rainy evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation of the Cucphoung National Park has been classified and the distribution of plant communities has been shown on the map using the relations of vegetation to geology, geomorphology and pedology. The method of vegetation mapping includes: 1) the identifying of vegetation types in the remote-sensed materials (aerial photographs and satellite images); 2) field work to compile the interpretation keys and to characterize all the communities of a study area; 3) compilation of the final vegetation map using the combined information. In the classification presented a number of different level vegetation units have been identified: formation classes (3), formation sub-classes (3), formation groups (3), formations (4), subformations (10) and communities (19). Communities have been taken as mapping units. So in the vegetation map of the National Park 19 vegetation categories has been shown altogether, among them 13 are natural primary communities, and 6 are the secondary, anthropogenic ones. The secondary succession goes through 3 main stages: grassland herbaceous xerophytic vegetation, xerophytic scrub, dense forest.

Species Responses to Grazing and Environmental-Factors in an Arid Halophytic Shrubland Community

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Species Responses

Species responses to grazing and environmental factors were studied in an arid halophytic shrubland community in Western Australia. The grazing responses of major shrub species were defined by using reciprocal averaging ordination of botanical data, interpreted in conjunction with a similar ordination of soil chemical properties and measures of soil erosion derived from large-scale aerial photographs. An apparent small-scale interaction between grazing and soil salinity was also defined. Long-term grazing pressure is apparently reduced on localised areas of high salinity. Environmental factors affecting species distribution are complex and appear to include soil salinity, soil cationic balance, geomorphological variation and the influence of cryptogamic crusts on seedling establishment.

scholarly journals Relief influence on the spatial distribution of the Atlantic Forest cover on the Ibiúna Plateau, SP

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG. Silva ◽  
JP. Metzger ◽  
S. Simões ◽  
C Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Slope Orientation

Several studies suggest that, on a large scale, relief conditions influence the Atlantic Forest cover. The aim of this work was to explore these relationships on a local scale, in Caucaia do Alto, on the Ibiúna Plateau. Within an area of about 78 km², the distribution of forest cover, divided into two successional stages, was associated with relief attribute data (slope, slope orientation and altitude). The mapping of the vegetation was based on the interpretation of stereoscopic pairs of aerial photographs, from April 2000, on a scale of 1:10,000, while the relief attributes were obtained by geoprocessing from digitalized topographic maps on a scale of 1:10,000. Statistical analyses, based on qui-square tests, revealed that there was a more extensive forest cover, irrespective of the successional stage, in steeper areas (>10 degrees) located at higher altitudes (>923 m), but no influence of the slope orientation. There was no sign of direct influence of relief on the forest cover through environmental gradients that might have contributed to the forest regeneration. Likewise, there was no evidence that these results could have been influenced by the distance from roads or urban areas or with respect to permanent preservation areas. Relief seems to influence the forest cover indirectly, since agricultural land use is preferably made in flatter and lower areas. These results suggest a general distribution pattern of the forest remnants, independent of the scale of study, on which relief indirectly has a strong influence, since it determines human occupation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Marko Langovic ◽  
Slavoljub Dragicevic ◽  
Ivan Novkovic ◽  
Nenad Zivkovic ◽  
Radislav Tosic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Channel Migration ◽  
Riverbank Erosion

Riverbank erosion and lateral channel migration are important geomorphological processes which cause various landscape, socio-economic, and environmental consequences. Although those processes are present on the territory of Serbia, there is no available data about the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion for the entire country. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the riverbank erosion for the largest internal rivers in Serbia (Velika Morava, Zapadna Morava, Juzna Morava, Pek, Mlava, Veliki Timok, Kolubara) was assessed using remote sensing and GIS. The aim of this paper is to determine the total and average soil loss over large-scale periods (1923-2020), comparing data from the available sources (aerial photographs, satellite images, and different scale paper maps). Results indicated that lateral migration caused significant problems through land loss (approximately 2,561 ha), especially arable land, and land use changes in river basins, but also economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural production. Total and average soil loss was calculated for five most representative meanders on all studied rivers, and on the basis of the obtained values, certain regularities about further development and dynamics of riverbank movement are presented. A better understanding of river channel migration in this area will be of a great importance for practical issues such as predicting channel migration rates for river engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management and land use changes, environment protection.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF DAMAGED AREAS DUE TO THE 2010 CHILE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI USING SAR IMAGERY OF ALOS/PALSAR

2016 ◽  
Vol III-8 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Pertiwi Jaya Ni Made ◽  
Fusanori Miura ◽  
A. Besse Rimba
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Aster Gdem ◽  
Tsunami Damage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chile Earthquake ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Inundation Map

A large-scale earthquake and tsunami affect thousands of people and cause serious damages worldwide every year. Quick observation of the disaster damage is extremely important for planning effective rescue operations. In the past, acquiring damage information was limited to only field surveys or using aerial photographs. In the last decade, space-borne images were used in many disaster researches, such as tsunami damage detection. In this study, SAR data of ALOS/PALSAR satellite images were used to estimate tsunami damage in the form of inundation areas in Talcahuano, the area near the epicentre of the 2010 Chile earthquake. The image processing consisted of three stages, i.e. pre-processing, analysis processing, and post-processing. It was conducted using multi-temporal images before and after the disaster. In the analysis processing, inundation areas were extracted through the masking processing. It consisted of water masking using a high-resolution optical image of ALOS/AVNIR-2 and elevation masking which built upon the inundation height using DEM image of ASTER-GDEM. The area result was 8.77 Km<sup>2</sup>. It showed a good result and corresponded to the inundation map of Talcahuano. Future study in another area is needed in order to strengthen the estimation processing method.

scholarly journals Map of the Mount Gongga Glacier: A Combination of Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Chen Jianming
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Mountain Glacier ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Surveying And Mapping

For use in glaciological research, between 1982 and 1984, we succeeded in surveying and mapping the Mount Gongga Glacier, on a scale of 1:25 000, by means of a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. This paper describes the method in detail. In the survey area, we set up an independent, triangulation network, with microwave distance measurement, and two, independent, straight-line traverses, for basic control. Control points were observed by intersection. The terrestrial, photogrammetric baselines were projected and corrected into distances on the. plane of the map. Terrestrial photography accounted for the majority of the photographs of the survey area. Surveying and mapping of planimetrie and topographic features were completed on a stereo-autograph, using plates mainly from terrestrial photogrammetry. Where these data were insufficient, they were supplemented by aerial photography, plotted on a photographic plotting instrument. Orientation points of the aerial photographs were established by terrestrial, photogrammetric analysis and located on the map by an optical, mechanical method. The practical result showed that a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, in mapping a high, mountain, glacier area, on a large scale, is more feasible and flexible than other methods and more economical as well.

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