Establishing the Economic and Environmental Life-Cycle Costs of Marine Systems: A Case Study From the Recreational Craft Sector

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Melanie Landamore ◽  
Richard Birmingham ◽  
Richard Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Marine System ◽  
System Life

This paper presents a robust methodology for the investigation of economic and environmental costs within a marine system. It describes the methods used to establish system life-cycle costs, and compares them with their environmental effects to establish the cost-benefit of reducing environmental hazards (Landamore et al. 2006: Life Cycle and Cost Benefit Analysis of Selected Technologies for Sustainable Inland Boating, Newcastle University, January). The case study is a small inland charter boat, operating on the Norfolk Broads, with varying options for powering, hull material, and graywater (GW) treatment. The principles described in this paper can be used to guide the efficient, cost-effective design of any system along sustainable principles. Environmental life-cycle analysis is performed, and the economic cost of each alternative is established. The results presented in the paper show that the majority of systems are cost effective for reducing environmental impact. In addition, a number of systems can be implemented without extra cost, though it is demonstrated that the high cost of the most environmentally effective technologies makes them an inefficient use of resources.

Cost–Benefit Analysis of Continuous Pavement Preservation Design Strategies versus Reconstruction

2005 ◽  
Vol 1933 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Smith ◽  
Leslie Titus-Glover ◽  
Michael I. Darter ◽  
Harold Von Quintus ◽  
Richard Stubstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Total Life

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) has traditionally employed continuous pavement preservation as part of an overall design strategy to maintain the highest levels of service for highway users. Concerned about the effects of continual weakening of substructure material layers on preservation treatment cost and performance (i.e., more extensive and more frequent preservation activities), ADOT sponsored a study to determine the cost-effectiveness of the continuous preservation approach as compared with a reconstruction strategy. One goal of the study was to determine the break-even point for the two strategies (i.e., after how many rehabilitation treatments reconstruction becomes as cost-effective as continuous preservation). With inputs such as ( a) service life estimates, ( b) best estimates of unit costs, ( c) work zone-related user costs, and ( d) the typical analysis period and discount rate used by ADOT, the total life-cycle costs for four alternative strategies were determined and compared for the 15 commonly occurring pavement scenarios in Arizona. The results of the analysis showed a consistent reduction in total life-cycle costs as the number of rehabilitation treatments performed between original construction and reconstruction increased from none to two. Results also showed that for nine of the 15 scenarios, total life-cycle costs associated with the third reconstruction alternative (two rehabilitations occurring prior to the first reconstruction event) were within 3% of the total life-cycle costs of the continuous preservation strategy. Hence, the break-even point occurs when two to three rehabilitation treatments are performed prior to reconstruction.

An Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques for Cost Effective Decision Making ­ A Case Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Biswabrata Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Classification Rule ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Set Up

This paper focuses on the application of multivariate statical techniques for making a cost effective decision in an industrial set up. The objective of this study is to take a decision with respect to several parameters whether a particular product can be sent to the customer or not. The techniques like MANOVA, discriminant and classification function analysis have been used to fulfil the objectives. An optimum classification rule has been established for making the decision. A cost benefit analysis has also been done after iniplementing the proposed optimum decision­making rule.

Cost-effective upgrading of the Arnsberg WWTP by post denitrification with a moving bed system

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
N. Jardin ◽  
L. Rath ◽  
A. Sabin ◽  
F. Schmitt ◽  
D. Thöle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Sludge Hydrolysis ◽  
Effective Integration

On the basis of a cost-benefit analysis it was decided to expand the Arnsberg WWTP by a multistage biological process which allows for cost-effective integration of the existing facilities. Carbon removal will then be accomplished in a high-loaded activated sludge stage for which the existing primary clarifier is to be reconstructed. The existing trickling filters will be used for nitrification during a midterm period and will be replaced later on either by a moving bed system or by new trickling filters. Line 3 of the existing secondary clarifiers will be reconstructed and used for post denitrification in a moving bed system. The carbon needed for denitrification will be provided by means of sludge hydrolysis and the use of an external carbon source.

Hybrid solar-seaweed biorefinery for co-production of biochemicals, biofuels, electricity, and water: Thermodynamics, life cycle assessment, and cost-benefit analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 114679
Author(s):  
Alexander Golberg ◽  
Mark Polikovsky ◽  
Michael Epstein ◽  
Petronella Margaretha Slegers ◽  
Dušan Drabik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis
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