Improving Cost and Fuel Efficiency of Short Sea Ro-Ro Vessels through More Slender Designs - A Feasibility Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon Lindstad ◽  
Hans Jørgen Mørch ◽  
Inge Sandass
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Hull Forms ◽  
Political Objective

Despite the political objective of decreasing road transport and transfer cargo to road and sea, short sea shipping is struggling. There is therefore a need for development of new short sea Ro-Ro vessels which use significantly less fuel per ton transported which can be built at a modest cost. This feasibility study has: First mapped the main characteristics of the current fleet, i.e. dimensions, capacities, installed power and designs speeds; Second investigated alternative combinations of main measurements to enable more slender hull forms which require less power and hence give fuel consumption and fuel cost per transported unit; Third, performed a case study to compare the economic and environmental performance of these slenderer designs, with traditional designs and road only solutions. This study shows the advantage of investigating a large number of alternative dimensions and capacities to identify the designs which reduces cost and fuel consumption. And that the best option is to design and build more slender vessels.

scholarly journals Positive effects of eco-driving in public transport: A case study of the City Novi Sad

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Basaric ◽  
Mladen Jambrovic ◽  
Milica Milicic ◽  
Tatjana Savkovic ◽  
Djordje Basaric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The City

Eco-driving as a concept and program is a well-developed strategy adopted to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The paper presents the findings confirming the significance of driver education about eco-driving (through theoretical and practical training initiatives) with the aim of reducing the negative environmental impact of road transport. During the study, the drivers were tested prior to and immediately after completing the theoretical and practical education on eco-training. According to the study findings, driver education resulted in approximately 11.71% reduction in fuel consumption and average CO2 emissions. These results, along with the findings of many other studies conducted around the world, show that driver education can result in very efficient and significant reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Therefore, it is necessary for the drivers to undergo periodical eco-driving training with specialized coaches and well-designed programs.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AIR HEATING AT THE INTAKE ON THE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF A TRANSPORT ENGINE WHEN RUNNING ON ALCOHOL-CONTAINING GASOLINE AT LOW TEMPERATURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Gutarevych Y ◽  
◽  
Shuba Y ◽  
Syrota A ◽  
Trifonov D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Air Heating ◽  
Start Up

The article discusses the issue associated with the influence of air heating at the intake on the fuel efficiency and environmental performance of an engine with a carburetor power system when using alcohol-containing gasoline with a bioethanol content of about 36%, in the cold start, warm-up and idle modes. The use of inlet air heating is one of the promising areas for the implementation of energy-efficient technologies in road transport. The object of experimental research is a ZAZ-1102 car with a MeMZ-245 gasoline engine with a carburetor power system. The purpose of the work is to determine the effect of air heating at the intake on the energy and environmental performance of a transport engine when operating on alcohol-containing gasoline at low temperatures. The research method is experimental. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of air preheating at the intake with TAPP when using alcohol-containing gasoline with a bioethanol content of about 36% allows for reliable start-up while reducing the engine start-up time; reduce engine warm-up time by 15.8%, total fuel consumption by 34.6%; CO concentration at the beginning of heating decreases by 30.8%, CmHn concentration decreases 4.8 times. 120 seconds after warming up, the CmHn concentration when the engine is running without heating is 730 ppm, and with heating it is 370 ppm. CO concentrations are reduced from 0.37% to 0.25%. To ensure the adaptation of existing engines with a carburetor fuel supply system to the use of alcohol-containing gasolines with a bioethanol content of more than 20%, it is recommended at low temperatures to ensure an intake air temperature within 40 ... 50 ° C, which generally leads to an increase in fuel efficiency. KEY WORDS: ENGINE WITH CARBURETTOR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM, ALCOHOL-CONTAINING GASOLINE, HEATED AIR AT THE INLET, LOW OPERATING TEMPERATURE, INCREASING ENGINE ENERGY EFFICIENCY.

scholarly journals CAR ZAZ-1102 IMPROVEMENT IN FUEL EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IN WARM-UP PHASE AFTER ENGINE COLD START

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Gutarevich ◽  
D. M Trifonov ◽  
О. V. Syrota
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The article considers the question that relates to optimizing fuel consumption and reducing emissions of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of the vehicle in the following modes cold start of the engine with spark ignition and warm-up. To solve this problem device is proposed for increasing the temperature of the intake air at low temperatures, which will improve the mixture formation, gas exchange and better distribution of the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinders. The use of this device is one of the promising directions of implementation of energy efficient technologies in road transport.

Kämpfe um Bergbau und die Möglichkeiten demokratischer Transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (189) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the political effects of popular consultations as a means of direct democracy in struggles over mining. Building on concepts from participatory and materialist democracy theory, it shows the transformative potentials of processes of direct democracy towards democratization and emancipation under, and beyond, capitalist and liberal democratic conditions. Empirically the analysis is based on a case study on the protests against the La Colosa gold mining project in Colombia. The analysis reveals that although processes of direct democracy in conflicts over mining cannot transform existing class inequalities and social power relations fundamentally, they can nevertheless alter elements thereof. These are for example the relationship between local and national governments, changes of the political agenda of mining and the opening of new spaces for political participation, where previously there were none. It is here where it’s emancipatory potential can be found.

2018 Fiji Election Results: Patterns of Voting by Provinces, Rural-Urban Localities, and by Candidates

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
The Political ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Election Results

Akin to the previous, 2014 event, with no data on voter ethnicity, no exit polls, and few post-election analyses, the 2018 Fiji election results remain something of a mystery despite the fact that there had been a significant swing in voting in favour of Opposition political parties. There have been several studies about the election results, but most of them have been done without much quantitative analyses. This study examines voting patterns of Fiji’s 2018 election by provinces, and rural-urban localities, as well as by candidates, and also compares the 2018 and 2014 elections by spending a substantial time classifying officially released data by polling stations and individual candidates. Some of the data are then further aggregated according to the political parties to which those candidates belonged. The current electoral system in Fiji is a version of a proportional system, but its use is rare and this study will provide an interesting case study of the Open List Proportional System. At the end of the analyses, this study considers possible reasons for the swing in favour of the Opposition.

Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8029-8042
Author(s):  
N.S. Mustafa ◽  
N.H.A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.A. Abas ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
System Components ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
High Influence

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.

Islamic and Jewish Religious Feminists Tackle Islamic and Jewish Oral Law: Maintenance and Rebellion of Wives

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ruth Roded
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
First Time

Beginning in the early 1970s, Jewish and Muslim feminists, tackled “oral law”—Mishna and Talmud, in Judaism, and the parallel Hadith and Fiqh in Islam, and several analogous methodologies were devised. A parallel case study of maintenance and rebellion of wives —mezonoteha, moredet al ba?ala; nafaqa al-mar?a and nush?z—in classical Jewish and Islamic oral law demonstrates similarities in content and discourse. Differences between the two, however, were found in the application of oral law to daily life, as reflected in “responsa”—piskei halacha and fatwas. In modern times, as the state became more involved in regulating maintenance and disobedience, and Jewish law was backed for the first time in history by a state, state policy and implementation were influenced by the political system and socioeconomic circumstances of the country. Despite their similar origin in oral law, maintenance and rebellion have divergent relevance to modern Jews and Muslims.

Traffic Flow Management Impact on Delay and Fuel Consumption: an Atlanta Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shon R. Grabbe ◽  
Banavar Sridhar ◽  
Avijit Mukherjee ◽  
Alexander Morando
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Traffic Flow Management
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