Wastewater treatment with the built-in membrane filtration technology. Present state and problems of the intermediate water supply facility with the built-in membrane filtration technology.

Технология гравитационной мембранной фильтрации предусматривает использование плоских полимерных ультра- и микрофильтрационных мембран (с размером пор от нескольких нанометров до нескольких сотен нанометров), расположенных на 40 100 см ниже уровня воды, т. е. работающих под гидростатическим напором 40 100 мбар в качестве движущей силы мембранной фильтрации в тупиковом режиме. Бактериальное сообщество исходной воды вызывает образование слоя биопленки на поверхности мембраны. В то же время присутствие эукариотных организмов в слое биопленки, характеризующихся хищническим поведением, обусловливает возникновение своего рода эффекта биологической чистки , приводящей к уменьшению сопротивления фильтрации биопленки за счет образования пустот и развития ее гетерогенности. В результате динамического развития подобной системы происходит ее стабилизация и соответствующее достижение относительного постоянства потока пермеата на уровне 2 10 л/(м2ч). Стабильный водный поток в режиме гравитационной мембранной фильтрации сохраняется в течение многих месяцев без проведения чистки мембраны. Система обеспечивает удаление из воды органических веществ и патогенных микроорганизмов. Проведены разного масштаба испытания системы гравитационной мембранной фильтрации для децентрализованной обработки речной воды, для обработки дождевой воды и серых сточных вод в локальных очистных системах с получением воды, пригодной для непитьевого потребления, при очистке сточных вод для безопасного их сброса и при предварительной обработке морской воды перед опреснением. В настоящее время известны примеры практического применения данной системы фильтрации.Gravity membrane filtration technology involves the use of flat polymer ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes with pore sizes from several nanometers to several hundred nanometers submerged in water at 40-100 cm, i.e. operating under a hydrostatic head of 40 100 mbar as a driving force of the membrane filtration in deadlock mode. The bacterial community of the source water induces the formation of a biofilm layer on the membrane surface. At the same time, the presence of eukaryotes in the biofilm layer that are characterized by predatory behavior produces a kind of biological purification effect that provides for decreasing the filtration resistance of the biofilm due to the formation of voids and development of its heterogeneity. As a result of the dynamic development of such a system, its sustainability and relative continuity of the permeate flow at the level of 2 10 l/(m2h) are achieved. Sustainable water flow in the gravity membrane filtration mode is maintained for many months without cleaning the membrane. The system ensures the removal of organic substances and pathogenic microorganisms from water. Different-scale testing of the gravity membrane filtration system has been carried out: for decentralized river water treatment, for stormwater and gray wastewater treatment in local treatment systems to produce water suitable for non-potable consumption, in wastewater treatment for safe discharge, and for seawater pretreatment before desalination. Currently, examples of the practical application of this filtration system are known.

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Kitchen Vehicle Water Treatment Equipment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.532 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 628 ◽

pp. 532-535

Author(s):

Xiang Hong Zhang ◽

Han Yang ◽

Xian Da Xie ◽

Ying Ze Wang

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Staple Food ◽

Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽

Carbon Adsorption ◽

Treatment Equipment ◽

In Series ◽

Filtration Technology

Kitchen Vehicle is an indispensable equipment to guarantee the food in battlefield, which played an important role in series of activities include military exercise, flood-fighting rescue and earthquake relief. Water is a necessity in processing staple and non-staple food in field operations, so there is an urgent need to have one safety water supply device with smaller volume and lighter weight to meet the demands of field kitchen work, therefore, a small vehicular water purifier based on the membrane filtration technology plus activated carbon adsorption and ultraviolet light disinfection technology is developed.

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Leading the City of Baltimore into the 21st Century: Flexible Treatment Solutions and Integrated Raw Water Management

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2010.077 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

J. L. Manuszak ◽

M. MacPhee ◽

S. Liskovich ◽

L. Feldsher

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Quality ◽

Water Supply ◽

Conceptual Design ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Low Pressure ◽

Management Tool ◽

Raw Water ◽

The City

The City of Baltimore, Maryland is one of many US cities faced with challenges related to increasing potable water demands, diminishing fresh water supplies, and aging infrastructure. To address these challenges, the City recently undertook a $7M study to evaluate water supply and treatment alternatives and develop the conceptual design for a new 120 million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant. As part of this study, an innovative raw water management tool was constructed to help model source water availability and predicted water quality based on integration of a new and more challenging surface water supply. A rigorous decision-making approach was then used to screen and select appropriate treatment processes. Short-listed treatment strategies were demonstrated through a year-long pilot study, and process design criteria were collected in order to assess capital and operational costs for the full-scale plant. Ultimately the City chose a treatment scheme that includes low-pressure membrane filtration and post-filter GAC adsorption, allowing for consistent finished water quality irrespective of which raw water supply is being used. The conceptual design includes several progressive concepts, which will: 1) alleviate treatment limitations at the City's existing plants by providing additional pre-clarification facilities at the new plant; and 2) take advantage of site conditions to design and operate the submerged membrane system by gravity-induced siphon, saving the City significant capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. Once completed, the new Fullerton Water Filtration Plant (WFP) will be the largest low-pressure membrane plant in North America, and the largest gravity-siphon design in the world.

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Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽

10.3390/w13152004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2004

Author(s):

Aakash Dev ◽

Timo C. Dilly ◽

Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽

Ulrich Dittmer ◽

S. Murty Bhallamudi

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Test Cases ◽

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽

Graywater Reuse ◽

The Cost ◽

Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

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