Mathematical Explorations: Variables and Spreadsheets Connect with Real-World Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 423-431
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Niess ◽  
Pejmon Sadri ◽  
Kwangho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Mathematical Connections ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spreadsheet Software ◽  
Real World Problems

Spreadsheet software is generally available in schools and is in wide-spread use in business. The use of spreadsheets can help students make mathematical connections with problems in the world around them. Many real-life quantitative problems require algebra for decision making. Examples include the impact of rising gas prices on family budgets; the amount of gasoline left in the tank of a car and the distance to the nearest gas station; and the level of monthly income versus money needed to pay for food, rent, utilities, and clothing. Although these issues do not require complex mathematics, they do require knowledge of basic algebra involving variables and equations.

scholarly journals A note on different types of product of neutrosophic graphs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartick Mohanta ◽  
Arindam Dey ◽  
Anita Pal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Total Degree ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Neutrosophic Graph ◽  
Real World Problems

AbstractFuzzy set and neutrosophic set are two efficient tools to handle the uncertainties and vagueness of any real-world problems. Neutrosophic set is more capable than fuzzy set to deal the uncertainties of a real-life problem. This research paper introduces some new concept of single-valued neutrosophic graph (SVNG). We have also presented some different operations on SVNG such as rejection, symmetric difference, maximal product, and residue product with appropriate examples, and some of their important theorems are also described. Then, we have described the concept of total degree of a neutrosophic graph with some interesting examples. We have also presented an efficient approach to solve a decision-making problem using SVNG.

scholarly journals Handrails through the Swamp? A Pilot to Test the Integration and Implementation Science Framework in Complex Real-World Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5491
Author(s):  
Melissa Robson-Williams ◽  
Bruce Small ◽  
Roger Robson-Williams ◽  
Nick Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Real World ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Real World Problems

The socio-environmental challenges the world faces are ‘swamps’: situations that are messy, complex, and uncertain. The aim of this paper is to help disciplinary scientists navigate these swamps. To achieve this, the paper evaluates an integrative framework designed for researching complex real-world problems, the Integration and Implementation Science (i2S) framework. As a pilot study, we examine seven inter and transdisciplinary agri-environmental case studies against the concepts presented in the i2S framework, and we hypothesise that considering concepts in the i2S framework during the planning and delivery of agri-environmental research will increase the usefulness of the research for next users. We found that for the types of complex, real-world research done in the case studies, increasing attention to the i2S dimensions correlated with increased usefulness for the end users. We conclude that using the i2S framework could provide handrails for researchers, to help them navigate the swamps when engaging with the complexity of socio-environmental problems.

scholarly journals Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117-2122
Author(s):  
Peter Gál ◽  
Miloš Mrva ◽  
Matej Meško
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Representativeness Heuristic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970’s. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people’s decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire.

Seeing Things with Your Own Eyes: Steven Cheung’s Example for Economists

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Benham ◽  
Lee Benham
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
80Th Birthday ◽  
Personal Observation ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Experience ◽  
Special Occasion ◽  
Douglass North ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe are delighted to be present today to share in the celebration of Steven Cheung’s 80th birthday. We bring best wishes from several others who could not be here – Yoram Barzel, Chris Hall, and Douglass North. Congratulations to Steve and thanks to Linda for this special occasion. Steve, congratulations on your keen observation, your broad experience, and the impact of your ideas. Our subject today is Steven Cheung’s advice to economists: that personal observation and real-world business experience can lead economists to greater insights and fewer errors. In his own words: “The world is my laboratory and I want to see things with my own eyes.” We certainly could use better economics. Is Steve right? And if he is right, how to implement his advice?

Multimedia Instructional Materials in MIS Classrooms

2011 ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy V. Bradley ◽  
Victor Mbarika ◽  
Chetan S. Sankar ◽  
P. K. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Real World ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Business World ◽  
Computing Machinery ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Skill Shortages

Researchers and major computing associations such as the Association of Information Systems (AIS) and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) have invested much effort in the last two decades to shape the information system (IS) curriculum in a way that addresses developments and rapid changes in the IS industry (Gorgone, Gray, Feinstein, Kasper, Luftman, Stohr et al., 2000; Nunamaker, Couger & Davis, 1982). A major objective has been to help overcome the skill shortages that exist in the IS field, a trend that is expected to continue in the years ahead (Gorgone et al., 2000). While there exist a plethora of students joining IS programs around the world (usually for the remunerative promises that goes with an IS degree), students do not seem to gain the kind of knowledge and technical expertise needed to face real-world challenges when they take on positions in the business world. There is, therefore, the need to prepare IS students for real-world challenges by developing their technical and decision-making skills.

Enacting Actions in Simulated Environments

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Pierce ◽  
Shulan Lu ◽  
Derek Harter
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
Real World Problems

The past decade has witnessed incredible advances in building highly realistic and richly detailed simulated worlds. We readily endorse the common-sense assumption that people will be better equipped for solving real-world problems if they are trained in near-life, even if virtual, scenarios. The past decade has also witnessed a significant increase in our knowledge of how the human body as both sensor and as effector relates to cognition. Evidence shows that our mental representations of the world are constrained by the bodily states present in our moment-to-moment interactions with the world. The current study investigated whether there are differences in how people enact actions in the simulated as opposed to the real world. The current study developed simple parallel task environments and asked participants to perform actions embedded in a stream of continuous events (e.g., cutting a cucumber). The results showed that participants performed actions at a faster speed and came closer to incurring injury to the fingers in the avatar enacting action environment than in the human enacting action environment.

Illustrating Mathematical Connections: Two Proofs That Only Five Regular Polyhedra Exist

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 657-661
Author(s):  
Peter L. Glidden ◽  
Erin K. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Mathematical Connections ◽  
Regular Polyhedra ◽  
Real World Problems

The reforms proposed in the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards (1989) call for specific changes in the grades 9-12 mathematics curriculum, as well as for general themes that should be emphasized throughout the curriculum. In particular, the standards document calls for including topics from discrete mathematics and three-dimensional geometry, and it calls for increased emphasis on paragraph-style proofs. Overall, these and other topics should be taught with the ultimate goals of illustrating mathematical connections and constructing mathematical models to solve real-world problems.

Zur ökonomischen Analyse moralkonformen Handelns

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Leschke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Moral Behaviour ◽  
Moral Attitudes

AbstractHis article deals with general features of moral behaviour from an economic perspective. Moral rules act as an enforcement mechanism replacing external sanctions with internal emotional sanctions such as guilt and shame. It is shown in many experiments and real life situations that morals influence the decision-making process and the outcomes. Moral attitudes help to overcome social dilemma situations if the actors’ intrinsic motivation is relatively high and if these moral attitudes are wide-spread. It is argued that to reject the moral dimension means to restrict the relevance of economic theory. This paper emphasizes the importance of moral behaviour and offers a simple model of the effects of morality.

scholarly journals A call to World Governments; Save youth generations from obsoleted education systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
The World ◽  
Bill Gates ◽  
The Impact

My research is a result of accumulated provocation of obsolete and paralyzing education that has been frozen since the middle ages. We have to admit that before the pandemic, education was already in crisis. Governments have been ignoring to adopt any comprehensive plan to reform the educational systems till it has been unprecedently disrupted by COVID-19. I try through this paper to make a global call for governments to immediately start cooperating together for setting international qualifications framework that best suit future competencies. This call should be prioritized on the world agenda. It would be more plausible for governments, UNESCO and other education stakeholders to seize the opportunity of the 2020 disruption of life cycle for the maximum benefit of humanity. For this to happen we need exceptional leaders with extraordinary vision to transform education instead of ensuring children can keep learning and that every single child returns to school after the pandemic. Another challenge to be expected is the reduction in education budgets being under pressure as governments shift spending towards the health and economic response to the pandemic. The impact of schools closing on a generation of children will be immense on the long term. We must act now to save the education and life chances of generations of youth. At this time of unprecedented crisis, the world must come together to protect education and put it at the very heart of the global recovery effort. Recovery, not as before but as convenient and sustainable with the perspective requirements. It is time to expose youth to real life experiences; we need our children to learn about finance from characters like Jef Bezos or Bill Gates or Mukesh Ambani; to learn about psychology from John Anderson, Eliot Aronson and Ahmed Ukasha; to know approaches of math and physics as Elon Musk and Steve Wozniak. We shouldn’t settle for less when it comes to building minds and souls of our children. With all due respect to teachers and university professors, they are not the only best option for qualifying and training our youth for tomorrow’s challenges. However, those entrepreneurs are not teachers or willing to be, education specialists and strategists are required to set the vision and the procedures required to pave the way for highly practical competencies framework. Analgesics are no longer feasible.

Equivalency Framing in Political Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmus Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Real World ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The World ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Political Decision Making

Politics is increasingly reliant on numerical descriptions of the world. Numbers are relied upon for their ability to communicate some unambiguous facts of life. Equivalence frames are equivalent descriptions of the same quantity and they help us understand how different ways of presenting the objectively same piece of numerical information affect political behavior. Equivalence framing effects denote that these different presentation of the fundamentally same fact have very profound effects on preferences. However, most research in political behavior have relied on other forms of framing and largely regarded equivalence framing as a well-defined concept without much relevance to real-world politics. The standard form of equivalence framing changes the valence of a label which describes the same numerical fact. This form of negative and positive framing of the same metric will often elicit very different responses for the recipient of the information. A less studied type of equivalence framing in political behavior manipulates the same numerical fact but with a different metric or scale. These have often not been explicitly recognized as equivalence frames but are clearly an important example in a world of numbers. As for valence manipulation, changing the metric can also have profound effects. Moving forward studies of equivalence framing must both gain a better descriptive understanding of the actual use and abuse of equivalence frames in observational setting and at the same time aim to understand the causal properties of equivalence frames in the field—outside the controlled environment of the survey or lab where they most often are studied.

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