For Your Information: May 2005

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 639-642
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
A Current ◽  
Selection Of

The authors were charged to develop a volume containing classic works from research conducted in mathematics education. To complete this task, they collected nominations and opinions from numerous sources to supplement their own knowledge about the field. This process resulted in the selection of seventeen articles. Each article, published in its original format, is preceded by a one–page perspective written by a current researcher that places the article in its historical context and discusses its importance and effect on later research and practice.

On the authorship and publication dates of Theraphosa and Theraphosidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae): a clarification

Bionomina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAINER BREITLING
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Minority View ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Selection Of

The genus Theraphosa was established by Thorell (1870) as the type genus of the simultaneously published family Theraphosidae, the most diverse group of mygalomorph spiders. This authorship and publication date have long been accepted by the majority of authors. However, there has been a long-standing minority view that the genus name should be attributed to Walckenaer (1805), and the publication date of the family name changed to 1869.             A thought-provoking recent publication has examined this case. Based on a limited selection of the relevant literature, the authors struggled to make sense of their sources and prematurely concluded that the minority opinion might indeed be correct. They overlooked the potentially destabilising implications of this reattribution.             This paper revisits the evidence in the light of a much wider range of relevant publications, places it in its important historical context and, on the basis of the current rules of nomenclature, concludes that the traditional consensus has indeed been correct.                 Thus, Theraphosa Thorell, 1870 is the type genus of Theraphosidae Thorell, 1870 and a nomen protectum, while Theraphosa Schinz, 1823 is a nomen oblitum, mostly limited to the German textbook literature of the early 19th century. Teraphosa Eichwald, 1830 and Teraphosa Gistel, 1848 are junior synonyms of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (syn. nov.). Theraphosa Walckenaer, 1805 is a suprageneric name of the class-series (synonymous to Mygalomorphae) and not available at the genus level.

scholarly journals Five Challenges for Intelligent Text Entry Methods

AI Magazine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Ola Kristensson
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Localization Error ◽  
Text Entry ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
Selection Of

For text entry methods to be useful they have to deliver high entry rates and low error rates. At the same time they need to be easy-to-learn and provide effective means of correcting mistakes. Intelligent text entry methods combine AI techniques with HCI theory to enable users to enter text as efficiently and effortlessly as possible. Here I sample a selection of such techniques from the research literature and set them into their historical context. I then highlight five challenges for text entry methods that aspire to make an impact in our society: localization, error correction, editor support, feedback, and context of use.

scholarly journals Entre la verdad y la ilusión el paradigma de la objetividad en el cine político marginal de los años sesenta y setenta en Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Gloria Pineda Moncada
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Language History ◽  
Political Cinema ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Selection Of

RESUMENEn este artículo se analiza la imagen y el contexto histórico de tres filmes colombianos de la década de los sesenta y setenta: Los hijos del subdesarrollo de Carlos Álvarez (1975), Chircales de Marta Rodríguez y Jorge Silva (1972) y Camilo Torres Restrepo de Diego León Giraldo (1966). El análisis tiene como objetivo revelar las estrategias discursivas empleadas por el cine político marginal para reproducir el tan anhelado efecto de objetividad. De esta manera, la selección del género documental, el uso de la voz en off, la inclusión de imágenes de alto impacto y el desarrollo de una argumentación bien fundamentada, fueron las estrategias retóricas empleadas por los cineastas de la época para persuadir al espectador sobre la objetividad del discurso fílmico. Estas conclusiones amplifican uno de los temas reseñados en el libro Cine Político Marginal. Las formas de representación de una ideología de disidencia (1966-1976), publicado en enero de 2015. PALABRAS CLAVE Cine colombiano, historia, lenguaje cinematográfico, objetividad, persuasión.ÑUGAPA KAI WATAKUNAPI KASCHIS CHUNG CHASALLATA PUSAG CHUNGA WATAPISUGLLAPIKai mailla kilkaipi kawachiku sug parlu kai kimsa kunakuna nukanchipa alpapi kusaskakuna kawachiskakuna kai watapi kanchis chunga pusag chunga. Kai wambra sug iacha runapa Carlos Alvarez suti chasallata, chircales Marta Rodriguez, Jorge Silva ( 1972) chasallata kai runakuna Camilo Torres Restrepo de Diego Leon Giraldo pai nunakume kawachingapa imasami allika tukuikunata kawachinga ima suma kawariskasina pai munaska. Chasallata parlanakume imasami kallariskakuna sug ruraikuna kawachispa subrigcha ñugpa kaugsai chasallata kunaura kaugsai kaipi kawachiku sug kilkai sug pangapi Politico Maarginal rispa parlaspa kai watakunapi. (1966 -1976).IMA SUTI RIMAI SIMI:Kawachispa atun llagtapi, parlu, rimai, ruraikuna, llullarispa.BETWEEN TRUTH AND ILLUSION: THE PARADIGM OF OBJECTIVITY IN MARGINAL POLITICAL CINEMA OF THE SIXTIES AND SEVENTIES IN COLOMBIAABSTRACTIn this article, the image and the historical context of three Colombian films from the sixties and seventies are analyzed: Los hijos del subdesarrollo by Carlos Álvarez (1975), Chircales by Marta Rodríguez y Jorge Silva (1972), and Camilo Torres Restrepo by Diego León Giraldo (1966). The objective of the analysis is to reveal the discursive strategies employed by marginal political cinema to reproduce the desired effect of objectivity. In this manner, the selection of the documentary genre, the use of voice-over, the inclusion of high impact images and the development of a well-supported argumentation, were the rhetorical strategies employed by the filmmakers of the time to persuade the spectator about the objectivity of the film’s discourse. These conclusions are an extension of the themes covered in the book Marginal Political Cinema. The Forms of Representation of a Dissident Ideology (1966-1976), published in January 2015.KEYWORDSColombian cinema, cinematographic language, history, objectivity, persuasion. arteymemoria_ENTRE LA VÉRITÉ ET L’ILLUSION : LE PARADIGME DE L’OBJECTIVITÉ DANS LE CINÉMA POLITIQUE MARGINAL DES ANNÉES SOIXANTE ET SOIXANTE-DIX EN COLOMBIERÉSUMÉDans cet article, l’image et le contexte historique de trois films colombiens des années soixante et soixante-dix sont analysés : Los hijos del subdesarrollo (Les fils du Sous-développement) de Carlos Álvarez (1975), Chircales de Marta Rodríguez y Jorge Silva (1972), et Camilo Torres Restrepo de Diego León Giraldo (1966). L’objectif de l’analyse est de révéler les stratégies discursives employées par le cinéma politique marginal pour reproduire l’effet désiré d’objectivité. De cette façon, la sélection du genre documentaire, l’utilisation du voice-over, l’inclusion des images à fort impact et le développement d’une argumentation bien étayée, ont été les stratégies rhétoriques employées par des cinéastes de l’époque pour persuader le spectateur sur le l’objectivité du discours du film. Ces conclusions sont une extension des thèmes examinés dans le livre Cinéma politique marginale. Les formes de représentation d’une idéologie dissidente (1966-1976), qui a été publié en Janvier à 2015.MOTS-CLEFSCinéma colombien, langage cinématographique, histoire, objectivité, persuasion.ENTRE A VERDADE E A ILUSÃO: O PARADIGMA DA OBJETIVIDADE NO CINEMA POLÍTICO MARGINAL DOS ANOS SESSENTA E SETENTA NA COLÔMBIA.RESUMOEste artigo se analisa a imagem e o contexto histórico de três filmes colombianos da década dos sessenta e setenta: “Los hijos Del subdesarrollo” de Carlos Álvarez (1975), “chircales de Marta Rodríguez e Jorge Silva” (1972) e Camilo Torres Restrepo de Diego León Giraldo (1966). A análise tem como objetivo revelar as estratégias discursivas empregadas pelo cinema político marginal para reproduzir o tão anelado afeto de objetividade. Desta maneira, a seleção do gênero documental, o uso da voz em off, a inclusão de imagens de alto impacto e o desenvolvimento de uma argumentação bem fundamentada, foram as estratégias retóricas empregadas pelos cineastas da época para persuadir ao espectador sobre a objetividade do discurso fílmico. Estas conclusões amplificam um dos temas resenhados no livro Cine Político Marginal. “Las formas de representación de una ideología de disidencia” (1966-1976), publicado em janeiro de 2015.PALAVRAS CHAVESCinema colombiano, história, linguagem cinematográfico, objetividade, persuasão. Recibido el 10 de septiembre de 2015 Aceptado el 19 de noviembre de 2015

scholarly journals Review of the Literature on Latin America in Ketab-e-Jom’eh

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jom’ehToloo Riazi
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Literature And Society ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
Symbolic Approach ◽  
Selection Of

This paper aims to analyze a weekly magazine called Ketab-e-Jom’eh (Friday’s Book) and the reflection of Latin American’s revolutionary movements in it. Ketab-e-Jom’eh, published from July 26, 1979, to May 22, 1980, was supervised by a number of the most legendary Iranian authors and poets, such as Ahmad Shamloo1 and Gholam Hossein Saedi. I focus on the way a particular perspective on Latin American movements is constructed and perpetuated among Ketab-e-Jom’eh’s lectors. With a symbolic approach, I analyze those texts through their symbolic representation in the Iranian society, which requires me to study those symbols and their concomitant relevance in Iran. Eventually, I will use an interpretative approach to examine this magazine’s ideologically motivated articles in the broader context of the Iranian society with its particular traits. The dialectic relationship between literature and society helps us understand literature as the product of social conditions and influential factors in society. The position that I develop here echoes Louis de Bonald’s belief that “through a careful reading of any nation’s literature ‘one could tell what this people had been’” (as cited in Hall, 1979, p. 13). I employ such an expansive horizon to scrutinize the selection of literature on Latin American guerillas. I shall unfold the magazine’s ideological orientation from the angle of the context in which it is used. I aim to show that the historical context of the Iranian society at the moment gives those articles specific meanings. In pursuit of my goals, I will recontextualize the articles to determine their primary significance in the Iran of the 1970s and 1980s.

ANA ECHEVARRÍA, The Fortress of Faith: The Attitudes Towards Muslims in Fifteenth Century Spain, Medieval Iberian Peninsula, vol. 12 (Leiden, Boston, Cologne: E. J. Brill 1999). Pp. 254. $108 cloth.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-452
Author(s):  
KATHRYN CAMP
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

In The Fortress of Faith: The Attitudes Towards Muslims in Fifteenth Century Spain, Ana Echevarría presents a study of four mid-15th-century texts and argues that their polemical tone toward the Muslim world was inspired by contemporary historical events and revealed a Christian Spain preparing itself to end Muslim rule on the Iberian Peninsula. She argues that the events of 1450–70 are key to understanding Fernando and Isabel's renewed march against Granada in 1474 and that ecclesiastical literature of this time—as a manifestation of a “frontier church”—can provide a glimpse of the ideas common at court and among the clergy. At the center of her book are the works of three theologians (Juan de Segovia, Alonso de Espina, and Juan de Torquemada) and one layman (the Aragonese Pedro de Cavallería)—all written between 1450 and 1461—and Echevarría juxtaposes these texts with a wide selection of similar treatises written in Spain and elsewhere since the Muslim invasion of Iberia in 711. For each of her four primary texts, she provides the historical context of the author's life as well as an analysis of each work's style, sources, symbolism, and mode of argumentation against Islam (which, in general, involved allegations about the illegitimacy of the Muslim Prophet, holy text, or tenets). She then compares the views of these authors with the legal norms governing interactions among Muslims, Christians, and Jews in 15th-century Spain and concludes that both reveal an “evolution towards intolerance and violence which was common to the society and its rulers” and that impelled the eventually successful conquest of Granada.

Research Commentary: On Gap Gazing in Mathematics Education: The Need for Gaps Analyses

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Sarah Theule Lubienski
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Education Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Underserved Groups ◽  
Integrate Research

Analyses of disparities in students' mathematics experiences and outcomes are an essential part of efforts to promote equity. Scholars concerned about equity should not write off such analyses as mere “gap gazing.” Research on gaps between underserved groups and their more advantaged peers are important for shaping public opinion and informing education policy. Analyses of gaps also inform mathematics education research and practice, illuminating which groups and curricular areas are most in need of intervention and additional study. Instead of pulling back from gaps analyses, the mathematics education community should move toward more skilled and nuanced analyses and integrate research on instructional reforms with careful analyses of their impact on disparities in student outcomes broadly defined.

How literature tells the story. Observations on contemporary Bulgarian Bessarabic prose

Proglas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nalbantova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses fiction novels that have been written in Bulgarian since the 1960s by Bessarabian Bulgarians, focusing on topics related to the life of Bulgarian expats in Bessarabia. The Bulgarian Bessarabian literature from this period is defined as contemporary. This article reconstructs the historical context as interpreted in two different ways: as events that found their way into the narratives, and as circumstances, which enforced both the selection of topics and their interpretation, and at the same time the literary canon that shaped the texts. The article concludes that the depiction of historical events in the novels of P.Trufkin, P. Burlak-Valkanov, Iv. Valkov, Il. Valkov, I. Nenov, A. Maleshkova and N. Kurtev conforms to extraliterary factors: ideology, geopolitical interests of neighboring countries, civilizational pessimism.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Larry E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
First Person ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Ever since the summer of 1829, when newspapers began announcing the forthcoming publication of the Book of Mormon, that text has been the object of both praise and ridicule, a situation that shows no signs of easing almost two hundred years later. Scholars agree, however, that understanding the primary documents surrounding the origin of the Book of Mormon is essential to understanding its significance in American history. This volume presents a representative selection of those source documents, emphasizing first-person accounts produced close to the time of the events in question. Embracing such values as balance, fairness, openness, integrity, and the willingness to be self-critical, the introductions and annotation accompanying each document set the events in their historical context.

scholarly journals Quantification of Residual Perfume by Py-GC-MS in Fragrance Encapsulate Polymeric Materials Intended for Biodegradation Tests

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Giulio Gasparini ◽  
Sarah Semaoui ◽  
Jessica Augugliaro ◽  
Alain Boschung ◽  
Damien Berthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Kinetic Release ◽  
Polymeric Microcapsules ◽  
Purification Protocol ◽  
A Current ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Perfume encapsulates are widely used in commercial products to control the kinetic release of odorant molecules, increase storage stability and/or improve deposition on different substrates. In most of the cases, they consist of core-shell polymeric microcapsules that contain fragrance molecules. A current challenge is to design and produce polymeric materials for encapsulation that are both resistant and non-persistent. The selection of such eco-friendly formulations is linked to a deep understanding of the polymeric material used for encapsulation and its biodegradation profile. To collect this information, pure samples of capsule shells are needed. In this article we present an innovative quantification method for residual volatiles based on pyrolysis-GC-MS to enable validation of sample quality prior to further testing. The presented analytical method also led to the development of a robust and comprehensive purification protocol for polymers from commercial samples. Standard techniques are not suited for this kind of measurement due to the non-covalent embedding of volatiles in the 3D structure of the polymers. We demonstrated the confounding impact of residual volatiles on the estimated biodegradability of fragrance encapsulates.

Konstantin Stanislavsky Michael Chekhov Vsevolod Meyerhold Jacques Lecoq

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Jerri Daboo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Actor Training ◽  
Konstantin Stanislavsky ◽  
Four Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Performer Training ◽  
Selection Of

The Routledge Performance Practitioners series, edited by Franc Chamberlain, is a new set of introductory guides to a range of key figures in the development of twentieth-century performance practice. Each book focuses on a single practitioner, examining his or her life, historical context, key writings, and productions, and a selection of practical exercises. These concise volumes are intended to offer students an initial introduction to the practitioner and to “provide an inspiring spring-board for future study, unpacking and explaining what can initially seem daunting” (Merlin, ii). The list of practitioners in the complete series include Stanislavsky, Brecht, Boal, Lecoq, Grotowski, Anna Halprin, and Ariane Mnouchkine, thus examining a range of performance styles and practices, creating a valuable overview of the development of performer training through the twentieth and into the twenty-first centuries. Such interest in the history of specific approaches to training performers has been addressed in other volumes, such as Twentieth-Century Actor Training, edited by Alison Hodge (New York: Routledge, 2000), and Acting (Re)considered: A Theoretical and Practical Guide, edited by Phillip Zarrilli (London: Routledge 2002). Both those collections contain in-depth chapters focusing on aspects of the selected practitioners' theoretical and practical approaches to the principles and concerns in their work. Where the books in the Routledge Performance Practitioners series differ is that they offer a more general overview of the practitioner in one volume, and in addition to the historical context, they provide a set of practical exercises that can be carried out by the student or teacher, as well as by the actor or director. The books are well presented, divided into clear sections, with relevant photographs and diagrams. There are also sidebars providing definitions and further information on key figures and terms mentioned in the main text. This review covers the first four books in the series, examining the work of Konstantin Stanislavsky, Michael Chekhov, Vsevolod Meyerhold, and Jacques Lecoq.

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