Mathematics Education: The People's Republic of China

1973 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Frank Swetz
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Language And Mathematics ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Educational Campaigns

The People's Republic of China has attempted to use education as the main avenue for ideological, sociological, and technological advancement. In the educational campaigns that have taken place on mainland China since 1949, two disciplines have always received primary attention: the Chinese language and mathematics. Improved language proficiency was necessary for the processes of indoctrination, while mathematics provided a base for the scientific studies so vital to an industrial competency.

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal distribution of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2004 to 2017 and an analysis of social and environmental factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Yan-Jun Li ◽  
De-Sheng Huang ◽  
Peng Guan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the changing distribution of human brucellosis between 2004 and 2017 in mainland China and seek scientific evidence of the relationship between socio-economic, environmental, and ecological factors and human brucellosis incidence. Methods The annual numbers of brucellosis cases and incidence rates from 31 provinces in mainland China between 2004 and 2017 were obtained from the Data-Center for China Public Health Science. The number of monthly brucellosis cases in 2018 was obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The electronic map of the People’s Republic of China was downloaded from the National Earth System Science Data Sharing Platform. Human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), and an inventory of cattle and sheep at the end of each year from 2004 to 2017 were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Annual rainfall data from 31 provinces in the People’s Republic of China from 2004 to 2017 were collected from the China Meteorological Data Service Center. The risk distribution and changing trends of human brucellosis were mapped with ArcGIS. A cluster analysis was employed to identify geographical areas and periods with statistically significant incidence rates. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine possible factors that were significantly correlated with the presence of human brucellosis cases. Results Human brucellosis cases have spread throughout the whole country. Human brucellosis cases occurred mostly from March to August and were concentrated from April to July. The inventory of sheep, GDP, and climate were significantly correlated with the presence of brucellosis cases in mainland China. Conclusions The geographical expansion of human brucellosis in mainland China was observed, so did the high-incidence clusters between 2004 and 2017. Most of the cases were reported during the early spring to early summer (February–August). Results from the multivariate linear regression suggested that the inventory of sheep, GDP, and climate were significantly associated with the incidence of human brucellosis in mainland China.

An electrophoretic comparison of Schistosoma japonicum (Trematoda) from different provinces in the People's Republic of China suggests the existence of cryptic species

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. CHILTON ◽  
Q. BAO-ZHEN ◽  
H. O. BØGH ◽  
P. NANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Single Species ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Animal Hosts

Schistosoma japonicum from the People's Republic of China is considered to represent a single species comprising either 1 or 4 ‘strains’. We conducted an allozyme electrophoretic study to examine the extent of genetic variation in S. japonicum from mainland China. The allelic profiles of S. japonicum from 7 provinces were established at 16 enzyme loci. S. japonicum from Sichuan had 3–5 (19–31%) fixed differences compared with those from Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Yunnan, suggesting that S. japonicum in mainland China represents a species complex. In addition, genetic markers were also established for different laboratory-maintained populations of S. japonicum which has significant implications for studying the biology of these organisms in human and animal hosts, and for the control and surveillance of human schistosomiasis in China.

The Case for Recognizing Peking Now—or in 1992

Worldview ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Gerald F. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
General Question ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

If Secretary of State Vance's “exploratory” trip to China proved nothing else, it demonstrated once again that because our relations with Taiwan are the main obstacles to recognizing the People's Republic of China, it is Taiwan, not mainland China, that poses the main problem for American foreign policy in Asia. To a man the Chinese reiterated their conditions for establishing relations: abrogate the Mutual Defense Treaty of 1954; break diplomatic relations with Taiwan; and withdraw the American military personnel from the island. With respect to the general question of Taiwan, they all referred back to the PRC section of the Shanghai Communique (published jointly with our own):The Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the liberation of Taiwan is China's internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all U.S. forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of “one China, two governments,” “two Chinas” and “independent Taiwan” or advocate that “the status of Taiwan remains to be determined” [The “Shanghai Communique,” February 27, 1972].

The Cold War Comes to Chinatown

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy González
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cold War

As the Cold War dragged on and the Republic of China failed to effect its reconquest of mainland China, not all Chinese Mexicans continued to support the Republic of China. Some defected to support the People’s Republic of China, or openly traveled to mainland China or expressed their reservations about the ROC. For this, they were exposed as subversives and surveilled by the ROC, Mexican, and US governments. This chapter illustrates how transnational causes could have local repercussions, as some Chinese Mexicans began to chafe under their relationship with the ROC.

scholarly journals Retrospective Serological Investigation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antibodies in Recruits from Mainland China

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeng Yu ◽  
Maofeng Qiu ◽  
Zeliang Chen ◽  
Xiaobo Ye ◽  
Yaling Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Serological Investigation ◽  
Military Recruits

ABSTRACTDifferent assays were used to analyze 1,621 serum specimens collected from military recruits from the People's Republic of China in 2002 for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus antibodies. The results demonstrated that the subjects either had rarely been exposed to the virus before the 2003 SARS outbreak or had not been exposed but the nucleocapsid protein cross-reacted with other antibodies in humans.

Central Control, Localized Interests, and Interprovincial Conflict in the People’s Republic of China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Territorial Government

From a comparative perspective, the People’s Republic of China represents perhaps the world’s most distinctive combination of political centralization and fiscal and administrative decentralization. The basic unity of the state, referred to as Dayitong (大一统), has long been seen as the organizing principle of governance in mainland China and underpins the modern system whereby decision- making is tightly concentrated at the central government level (Wang 2009). At the same time, however, the practical challenges of governing a large and diverse territory have historically led Chinese officials to delegate substantial administrative powers to subnational levels of government. Moreover, in economic terms China is one of the most decentralized countries in the world, with revenue and expenditure powers largely in the hands of local officials (Dziobek, Mangas, and Kufa 2011). Chinese officials are thus caught in an institutional matrix known as tiao-kuai (条- 块), in which they are responsible both to line control by functional bureaucracies, such as the various central government ministries, as well as to territorial government leaders, including mayors and provincial governors, and to equivalent officials within the parallel Chinese Communist Party (CCP) structure. The CCP effectively controls all important political appointments, creating a potent mechanism to ensure the coherence of central and local policy objectives (Mertha 2008). This matrix is intended to ensure that subnational officials pursue priorities set by the central government but also to provide them with the flexibility to implement these policies according to individual local circumstances. In practical terms, this flexibility also translates into autonomy in a wide range of policy areas, including water resource management. Like their counterparts in more politically decentralized countries, China’s subnational officials therefore also confront the dilemma of autonomy, and they sometimes attempt to resolve it through conflict with neighboring jurisdictions (Moore 2014a).

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