The Case for the Syllogism in Plane Geometry

1953 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-325
Author(s):  
James F. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Plane Geometry ◽  
Deductive Proof ◽  
Reflective Thought ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind

It is generally agreed that one of the chief objectives of plane geometry is to foster reflective thought in the mind of the pupil. At various times and in various places it has been clearly stated that the achievement of this objective demands a clear and explicit treatment of the components of reflective thought itself, if the desired benefits from transfer of training are to accrue. The writer will make no attempt to reconcile the many forms of the term “reflective thought”; this has been done elsewhere.1 Whenever the elements of reflective thought are listed in a discussion of the objectives of plane geometry, one of those elements will be similar to this: Plane geometry should help the student to understand the nature of and develop an appreciation for deductive proof. Few would deny that this is an important mission of geometry. It is the approach made by the teacher in presenting the deductive proof to which the remainder of this article is devoted.

English Vocabulary in the Mind of Student

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Suharyanto H Soro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
English Class ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind

Lecturer plays an important role in teaching Englishas a foreign language, in spite of the success of teaching English itself depends on the many factors, one of them is students’ participation in the English class. In the other words, the teaching of English becomes useful and more systematically when the lecturer is fully aware of the aims and values of teaching of English subject since the core principle of any teaching  is “know what you do and only do what you know”. Hence it is essential to understand the aims and values of teaching English. In linguistics study,performance and competence are different, competence is study about language rules in the abstract form or one’s capacity to use a language, while performance is the application of one’s ability in the concrete form, or the actual application of this competence in speaking or listening. Chomsky (1965:18) said that  performance is the effect or the application of competence. Further he said that clearly, the actual data of linguistic performance will provide much evidence for determining the correctness of hypotheses about underlining linguistic structure. Notice the following figure. The data collection procedures in the present study are based on classroom participant observation, student interviews, and questionnaire  are the primary sources of data collection. As a point of departure, unstructured interviews conducted with English and students to gain initial understanding of the learning English as a foreign language. This also serves as a pilot study, paving the way for designing the guidelines for the semi structured individual interviews. Notes taken in these unstructured interviews were included in the data analysis. Taking lecture involves the lecturer and the students in formal setting. Lecturer is one who transfers special knowledge (English teaching materials) to his students in form of academic setting. They are engaged in academic norms, for example lecturer has qualified education (magister or doctorate degree) and the students  have already registered their status as a university student. The lecturer’s function is threefold. In the presentation stage of the material, the lecturer serves as a model, setting up situations in which the need for the target structure is created and modeling the new structure for students to repeat. The lecturer was required to be skillful manipulator, using questions, commands, and other cues to elicit correct sentences from the students. The students wanted the lecturer to give more opportunities for English practice. They can learn from mistakes and develop in real situation. Role play is one of methods can be applied in teaching English. The students like this methods (96%) because they can imitate and practice their English pronunciation.

nterrogative style in the commandments of fathers to children

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof.A.Dr. Nahidha Sattar Hanadi Nizar Abdul-Amir
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind ◽  
To Receive

In the Arabic language، the question is a method intended to seek knowledge of a specific thing. The most important thing that distinguishes the Arabic language from other languages is the diversity of its methods and its validity for various sciences and arts. God Almighty has honored it by making it the language of the Noble Qur’an، which He revealed to all people، and the many methods and diversity in the language make speech more accurate in approach، fuller in phrase، and systematized path and most sincere outlet. Therefore، the question is one of the pillars of the methods of the construction language، as it is not based on the building only، but the meaning is based on it as well. The most important characteristic that distinguishes the interrogative method from other methods; The high and influential ability in the mind and the soul of the addressee and its appeal to consideration، meditation and contemplation، and the reason for this is that the question is originally issued by a soul wishing to obtain a request for understanding and knowledge; The question arises to alert the mind and provoke feelings، and makes the soul ready to receive the thoughts and images that come out of the person who is casting.

Nature and the Sublime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sandy
Keyword(s):  
William Wordsworth ◽  
Percy Bysshe Shelley ◽  
John Keats ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Gothic Fiction ◽  
John Clare ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind

An account of Edmund Burke’s central ideas about the Sublime and the Beautiful shows how the emphasis Burke gave to terror helped to shape the Gothic fiction of Ann Radcliffe and Mary Shelley. Focusing on examples from the poetry of William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, Charlotte Smith, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, and John Clare, the remainder of this essay explores the ways in which Romantic poets both thought about and attempted to represent those elements of the sublime that were instigated by their encounters with the natural world. What emerges as defining about these interactions between the mind and world is how imaginative impulses towards a sense of the sublime often led to a renewed sense of the material world and the very contingencies of existence they sought to transcend. Even Wordsworth’s more reverential response to the natural world as sacrosanct recognises the ‘awe’ of the sublime can be as much consoling as it is disturbing. These disturbing aspects of natural process and the sublime are self-consciously explored in the poetry of Shelley, who subjects notions of transcendence and idealism to sceptical scrutiny. With varying degrees of emphases, the poetry of Byron, Smith, and Clare elide distinctions between nature and culture to acknowledge a sublime more explicitly shaped by temporal and material processes. Finally, a key episode in Keats’s Ode to a Nightingale is read as exemplifying the many difficulties and complexities of the Romantic imagination’s encounter with, and its attempts, to represent transcendence and the sublime.

scholarly journals Una perspectiva de género: a la intersubjetividad, la conciencia encarnada y la corporalidad / A Gender Perspective: a Intersubjectivity, Embodied Consciousness and Corporeality

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Flores
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
Complex Thought ◽  
Embodied Consciousness ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind

ABSTRACTThis essay is part of a reflection whose purpose is to discuss and clarify some points and tensions around gender issues from the perspective of embodied consciousness, corporeality and temporality. The texts to be discussed for this purpose are the authors Edgar Morin: Introduction to Complex Thought (1994) and The Mind Sorted Bien (2001); Jacques Luc Nancy, Community DOA (2000) and Merleau-Ponty (1975) Phenomenology of Perception, authors who have allowed a glimpse of new theoretical contributions to gender. The challenge arises from the Philosophical Anthropology is trying to understand the “human phenomenon”, from a metaphysical perspective, according to this conception, the human being is the result of what he does to himself in his relationship with nature. To start this reflection, it is necessary to recognize that it arises from the Phenomenology, which is also considered a philosophy for which the world is always “already there” before reflection as an inalienable presence and allows to account for the space, time and "lived" world. Hurssel the theorist who founded this movement says: I'm not the result or crosslinking of the many coincidences that determine my body or my “psyche” but rather, all I know the world, I know from a prospect or mine experience the world without which the symbols of science would not want to say anything. (Husserl, 1913, p. 369-370)RESUMENEl presente ensayo es parte de una reflexión cuyo propósito es discutir y dilucidar algunos puntos de encuentro y tensiones en torno a la temática de género desde la perspectiva de la conciencia encarnada, la corporalidad y la temporalidad. Los textos que serán abordados para este objetivo son de los autores Edgar Morin: Introducción al Pensamiento Complejo (1994) y La Mente Bien Ordenada (2001); Jacques Luc Nancy, Comunidad Inoperante (2000) y Merlau-Ponty (1975) Fenomenología de la Percepción, autores que han permitido vislumbrar nuevos aportes teóricos al tema de género. El desafío que surge desde la Antropología Filosófica es tratar de entender el “fenómeno humano”, desde una perspectiva metafísica, según esta concepción el ser humano es el resultado de lo que hace consigo mismo en su relación con la naturaleza. Para iniciar esta reflexión, se hace necesario reconocer que ésta surge desde la Fenomenología, la que también es considerada una filosofía, para la cual el mundo está siempre “ya ahí”, antes de la reflexión como una presencia inalienable y que permite dar cuenta del espacio, del tiempo y del mundo “vividos”. Hurssel el teórico que funda este movimiento afirma que: no soy el resultado o entrecruzamiento de las múltiples casualidades que determinan mi cuerpo o mi “psiquismo” sino más bien, todo lo que sé del mundo, lo sé a partir de una perspectiva mía o de una experiencia del mundo sin la cual los símbolos de la ciencia no querrían decir nada. (Husserl, 1913. p. 369-370).

6. But is it intelligence, really?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Daniel Dennett ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Suppose that future AGI systems equalled human performance. Would they have real intelligence, real under-standing, real creativity? Would they have selves, moral standing, free choice? Would they be conscious? And without consciousness, could they have any of those other properties? ‘But is it intelligence, really?’ considers these philosophical questions, suggesting some answers that are more reasonable than others. It looks at concepts such as the Turing Test; the many problems of consciousness; the studies of AI-inspired philosophers Paul Churchland, Daniel Dennett, and Aaron Sloman; virtual machines and the mind–body problem, and moral responsibility. It concludes that no one knows, for sure, whether an AGI could really be intelligent.

Tips for Beginners: Optional proofs of theorems in plane geometry

1955 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 578-580
Author(s):  
Francis G. Lankford
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Plane Geometry ◽  
Deductive Proof

This department of The Mathematics Teacher for October contained an article on “Helping Pupils Use Proofs of Theorems in Geometry.” There, some suggestions were given for helping pupils to understand the nature of a deductive proof and to develop the ability to prove theorems independently.

scholarly journals Mind-wandering as a natural kind: A family-resemblances view

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Seli ◽  
Michael Kane ◽  
Jonny Smallwood ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter ◽  
David Maillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Natural Kind ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Family Resemblances ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind

As empirical research on mind-wandering accelerates, we draw attention to an emerging trend in how mind-wandering is conceptualized. Previously articulated definitions of mind-wandering differ from each other in important ways, yet they also maintain overlapping characteristics. This conceptual structure suggests that mind-wandering is best considered from a family-resemblances perspective, which entails treating it as a graded, heterogeneous construct and clearly measuring and describing the specific aspect(s) of mind-wandering that researchers are investigating. We believe that adopting this family-resemblances approach will increase conceptual and methodological connections among related phenomena in the mind-wandering family and encourage a more nuanced and precise understanding of the many varieties of mind-wandering.

scholarly journals School-aged children's awareness of their own working memory contents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christopher L. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Visual Array ◽  
Memory Contents ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Do So

Working memory researchers in psychology have long wondered about how the mind organizes the many different pieces of information that must be maintained at any one time in order that the individual may carry out daily tasks of cognition. This research has often focused on the capacity of information that an individual is capable of holding in mind at any one time. In order to obtain a better understanding of this capacity researchers have developed what are thought to be objective measures of estimating the number of items (k) an individual must have in mind based on their performance on some cognitive task. In the present research one such formula is used to obtain a typical estimate for a visual array task in which multiple colored squares must be held in mind for a short duration before the participant is asked about whether or not a single probe color was one of the colors that had just seen in the array. In addition, participants are asked to provide their own subjective estimates of the number of colors they believe themselves to have memorized. Several age groups were tested starting with children as young as 6. The results show that while all age groups appear to overestimate their own capacity when compared to the objective k estimate, younger children tend to do so to a greater degree. This effect is discussed as the result of the development of quicker processing with age, faster forgetting in young age, or simply a structural increase in the capacity irrespective of the prior two possibilities.

Disciplinary infractions and restricted housing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Perrien ◽  
Maureen L. O’Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Disciplinary Infractions ◽  
Correctional Settings ◽  
Disciplinary Process ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind

Misbehavior occurs within jails and prisons. It is generally handled by a formal disciplinary process. Symptoms and impairments associated with mental illness may play a role in such misbehaviour. One of the many concerns in correctional settings is the use of restricted housing units. Segregation units function as the prison within a prison. Designed for the dangerous and violent offender who cannot be managed safely within the general prison environment, segregation is characterized by single-cell confinement, with minimum time out of cell for showers and exercise (e.g., 5 hours per week). Other features include highly restricted movement, limited contact with others, and few privileges and services. Segregation has been criticized as an inhumane practice due to the degree of social isolation. Specifically, the lack of treatment, programs, and activities to engage the mind; restricted personal contact; lack of control over light and sound; lack of windows; and little or no access to the outdoors are considered to be more extreme than is required for the safe operation of prisons. The most significant issue is whether prisoners are able to psychologically adapt to the austere conditions for long periods, particularly those with mental illness. Because mentally ill inmates may be more prone to rule infractions due to manifestation of their illness, they are more likely to be segregated unless specific rules prohibit their placement. This chapter reviews segregation practices, the data on the potential impact of segregated housing on mental illness, and the role of psychiatry in the disciplinary process.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Phantom Limbs ◽  
Flow Of Information

The embodied approach claims to return the mind to the body. This book returns the body to the mind. Let us leave aside what the body can do for cognition and focus on what it feels like to have a body. We constantly receive a flow of information about it, and yet the phenomenology of bodily awareness is relatively limited. It seems at first sight reducible to the “feeling of the same old body always there” or to a mere “feeling of warmth and intimacy” (James, 1890, p. 242). But when our body becomes less familiar we can grasp the many ways our body can appear to us. In particular, the experience of phantom limbs in amputees best brings bodily awareness into the limelight. The chapter describes a series of puzzling results, which raise fundamental questions about how we experience our body.

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