Mathematics and World History

1930 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
William L. Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
The West ◽  
Symbolic Expression ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Interpretation ◽  
Oswald Spengler

A Suggestive if not unique interpretation of the history of mathematics is that proposed by Oswald Spengler in the first volume of his Decline of the West, in the chapter entitled "The Meaning of Numbers." This explanation, which might be termed a morpltological interpretation, is based on the thesis that every outstanding culture is (or was) an organic structure; as such, every culture has its own mathematic, which is a morphological and distinctive characterization of that culture. Accordingly, the so-called growth of mathematics throughout the ages has not been a continuous, homogeneous and cumulative development. Furthermore, the particular "mathematic" of any given culture is inherently a necessary part of that culture, an expression of its world-being, just as its literature, music, art and morals are also an intrinsic part of that culture. In short, the mathematic of a culture is the culmination of the symbolic expression of the soul and spirit of that culture.

Editing the first Journal of World History: global history from inside the kitchen

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-178
Author(s):  
Gabriela Goldin Marcovich ◽  
Rahul Markovits
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
World History ◽  
Global History ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relational History

AbstractThis article offers the first study of the Cahiers d’Histoire Mondiale, the Journal of World History published under the auspices of UNESCO from 1953 to 1972 as a by-product of the ‘History of mankind’ project. Drawing on material in the UNESCO archives, it delves into what Lucien Febvre, the first editor of the Cahiers, called his ‘kitchen’, in order to understand world history as a practice. Data on author origin and article subject matter point to the journal’s mitigated success in overcoming Eurocentrism. The article ultimately contends that the Cahiers was at once a laboratory that experimented with new forms of relational history, and a forum where the very nature of world history was discussed by scholars from around the world (mainly from the West, but also from the East and the South). It suggests that today’s epistemological discussion on global history might benefit from the reflection offered by this now largely forgotten experiment.

scholarly journals EDITORIAL

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. v-viii
Author(s):  
Sayyid M. Syeed
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Universal Property ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The West ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Once again it is our pleasure to have the “Guiding Light” from AbdulHm-d AbiiSulaymh under a specific title. He has arranged relevant versesfrom the Qur’an and the sayings of the Prophet to discuss the civilizationalvalue of cleanliness. This approach has been appreciated by our readership.In this issue of AJISS, Ghulam-Haider Aasi sketches the relativelyunknown contribution of Muslim scholars to the history of religions and theirrole as the true founders of this discipline. It is important for present-dayMuslim historians and social scientists to realize how their predecessorsconceived the reality of sociohistorical phenomenon, a view which was basedupon religious ideas and practices. The history of humanity for Muslim scholarswas the history of ideas and values, for they saw religion as the core andbasis of all human culture and civilization and all other branches of knowledgeas being directly related to and dependent upon the science of religion. Inhis brief paper, Aasi has brought to our attention an unexplored legacy which,if mentioned at all, is only done so casually and very briefly by the Westernscholars of Islam. This unique and volumnious literature, Aasi says, still awaitsits readers, analysts, critics, and translators.Khalid Blankinship, writing on the periodization of history, shows howthe supposedly “world” history taught in the West has a strong Eurocentricbias, which is reflected in the currently acceptable division of history intoancient, medieval, and modem times based on what was happening in theWest (i.e., Europe) at that time. He shows through his analysis of this three partperiodization of history how the narrow parochial origins of the Westernvision of history goes back to the idea that only Western European civilizationis worthy of study. He also shows the limitations of the traditional Muslimhistorians, who tended to be largely isolationist in their accounts, and ofthe assimilating Muslim modernizers, who have accepted the subordinationof their history and ideas to materialist viewpoints of the West.Blankinship argues that in light of the universality of tawhid, based onhis assertion that the history of humanity is essentially a quest to know God,all human traditions contain elements that are more or less close to Islamand therefore worthy of study. He demonstrates that from an Islamic pointof view, history is the universal property of everyone. As an alternative tothe current Eumcentric periodhation, Blankinship postulates dividmg historicaleras based on the approximate date of 600 CE, which he claims is a watershed ...

scholarly journals Uma discussão sobre legitimidades matemáticas utilizando o contexto dos números irracionaisA discussion about mathematical legitimacies using the irrational numbers context

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane Siqueira Julio ◽  
Guilherme Francisco Ferreira ◽  
Romulo Campos Lins
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Mathematics Teacher Education ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Activity ◽  
Irrational Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir legitimidades matemáticas para responder a certos questionamentos sobre a “matemática do professor de matemática” ser considerada um modo de pensar a matemática na formação de professores. Para isso, abordamos as noções de matemática do professor de matemática, matemática do matemático e atividade matemática, na ótica do Modelo dos Campos Semânticos, por meio de comentários hipotéticos sobre a realização de uma proposta de atividade, de cunho histórico, envolvendo os números irracionais. Para concluir, argumentamos sobre a caracterização de atividade matemática ser uma possibilidade de compreender o compartilhamento de legitimidades entre a matemática praticada pelos professores de matemática e a matemática praticada por matemáticos.This paper aims to discuss mathematical legitimacies as an answer to some questions about “mathematics of the mathematics teacher” as a way to think the mathematics in the mathematics teacher education. In this discussion, we approach the notions of mathematics of the mathematics teacher, mathematics of the mathematician and mathematical activity according to the Model of Semantics Fields, through hypothetical comments about the realization of a task, based on history of mathematics, involving irrational numbers. In conclusion, we argue about the possibility to consider the characterization of mathematical activity as a way of understanding the sharing of legitimacies between mathematics practiced by mathematics teachers and mathematics practiced by mathematicians.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization of Arabian Peninsula Populations: Shedding Light on the History of a Fundamental Bridge between Continents

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Fernandes ◽  
Nicolas Brucato ◽  
Joana C Ferreira ◽  
Nicole Pedro ◽  
Bruno Cavadas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
The West ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
History Of ◽  
African Admixture ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The Arabian Peninsula (AP) was an important crossroad between Africa, Asia, and Europe, being the cradle of the structure defining these main human population groups, and a continuing path for their admixture. The screening of 741,000 variants in 420 Arabians and 80 Iranians allowed us to quantify the dominant sub-Saharan African admixture in the west of the peninsula, whereas South Asian and Levantine/European influence was stronger in the east, leading to a rift between western and eastern sides of the Peninsula. Dating of the admixture events indicated that Indian Ocean slave trade and Islamization periods were important moments in the genetic makeup of the region. The western–eastern axis was also observable in terms of positive selection of diversity conferring lactose tolerance, with the West AP developing local adaptation and the East AP acquiring the derived allele selected in European populations and existing in South Asia. African selected malaria resistance through the DARC gene was enriched in all Arabian genomes, especially in the western part. Clear European influences associated with skin and eye color were equally frequent across the Peninsula.

The Invention and Reinvention of “Japanese Culture”

1995 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Morris-Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
World History ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Truth

A specter is haunting europe and, indeed, the rest of the world: not, of course the specter of Communism, but of that other big C—Culture. At the 1991 Conference of the International Association of Historians of Asia, Prof. Ying-Shih Yu of Princeton University argued in his keynote address that the most important current trend in historical studies was the recognition of “culture as a relatively autonomous force in history” (Yu 1991, 21). For too long, he suggested, historians have looked at the past through a narrow window shaped by the values of the west, and particularly by the all-powerful western notion of history as the pursuit of “scientific truth.” To break through this constricting frame we need to recognize “that the history of every society or people deserves to be studied not only as a part of world history but also on account of its intrinsic values” (Yu 1991, 26); we need, in other words, to accept Watanabe Hiroshi's notion that every society or region may be “‘particular’ in its own way like an individual” (quoted in Yu 1991, 23).

scholarly journals INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE LA HISTORIA DEL SABER PROFESIONAL DE LOS DOCENTES QUE ENSEÑAN MATEMÁTICAS: INTERROGATORIOS METODOLÓGICOS

PARADIGMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 900-911
Author(s):  
Wagner Rodrigues Valente
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mathematics For Teaching ◽  
And Mathematics

En este artículo presentamos algunos resultados de investigación que se han obtenido con el desarrollo de un amplio proyecto de investigación sobre el saber profesional del maestro que enseña matemáticas. En particular, nos centraremos en las discusiones metodológicas que están presentes en la vida diaria de las investigaciones que integran el proyecto. Así, las sistematizaciones que se están llevando a cabo desde los diferentes caminos seguidos por los investigadores que forman parte del proyecto, en la investigación del saber profesional del maestro que enseña matemáticas, se recogen en este texto. En forma de etapas de un proceso metodológico, los pasajes de la recopilación de información se analizan inicialmente, teniendo en cuenta las experiencias de enseñanza; en un segundo paso, es el conocimiento organizado a través de estas experiencias y, finalmente, la etapa de transformar el conocimiento en saber se hace explícita. En la caracterización del saber, se utilizan dos categorías: matemáticas a enseñar y matemáticas para enseñar. A partir de estas dos matemáticas, se establecen relaciones entre ellas para construir teóricamente el objeto identificado como el saber profesional del maestro que enseña matemáticas.Palabras clave: saber profesional, matemáticas, enseñanza, historia de las matemáticas, formación de maestros.A Pesquisa sobre História do Saber Profissional do Professor que Ensina Matemática: Interrogações MetodológicasResumoNeste artigo apresentamos alguns resultados de pesquisa que vêm sendo obtidos com o desenvolvimento de projeto amplo de investigação sobre o saber profissional do professor que ensina matemática. Em específico, iremos nos concentrar sobre as discussões metodológicas que estão presentes no cotidiano das pesquisas que integram o projeto. Assim, as sistematizações que estão sendo realizadas a partir dos diferentes caminhos trilhados pelos pesquisadores integrantes do projeto, na investigação do saber profissional do professor que ensina matemática, estão reunidas neste texto. Em forma de etapas de um processo metodológico, analisam-se, inicialmente, as passagens da coleta de informações, tendo em conta as experiências docentes; num segundo momento, o tratam-se dos conhecimentos organizados por meio dessas experiências e, por fim, explicita-se a etapa de transformação dos conhecimentos em saberes. Na caracterização dos saberes, são mobilizadas duas categorias: a matemática a ensinar e a matemática para ensinar. A partir dessas duas matemáticas, estabelecem-se relações entre elas de modo a poder-se construir teoricamente o objeto identificado como saber profissional do professor que ensina matemática.Palavras-chave: saber profissional, matemática, ensino, história da matemática, formação de professores.Research on the History of Professional Knowledge of the Mathematics Teacher: Methodological InterrogationsAbstractIn this article we present some research results that have been obtained with the development of a broad research project on the professional knowledge of the teacher who teaches mathematics. In particular, we will focus on the methodological discussions that are present in the daily life of the researches that integrate the project. Thus, the systematizations that are being carried out from the different paths followed by the researchers who are part of the project, in the investigation of the professional knowledge of the teacher who teaches mathematics, are gathered in this text. In the form of stages of a methodological process, the transformation of information is initially analyzed, taking into account the teaching experiences; in a second step, the are the knowledge organized through these experiences and, finally, the stage of transformation of knowledge from experiences into socially available knowledge is made explicit. In the characterization of knowledge, two categories are used: mathematics to teach and mathematics for teaching. From these two mathematics, relationships are established between them in order to theoretically construct the object identified as the professional knowledge of the teacher who teaches mathematics.Keywords: professional knowledge, mathematics, teaching, history of mathematics, teacher training

scholarly journals ISLAMIC MORALITY IN LATE OTTOMAN “SECULAR” SCHOOLS

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Fortna
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
World History ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
The West ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Late Ottoman

Recent scholarship has taken great strides toward integrating the history of the late Ottoman Empire into world history. By moving beyond the view that the West was the prime agent for change in the East, historians have shed new light on indigenous efforts aimed at repositioning the state, reconceptualizing knowledge, and restructuring “society.”1 A comparative perspective has helped students of the period recognize that the late Ottoman Empire shared and took action against many of the same problems confronting its contemporaries, East and West. The assertion of Ottoman agency has been critical to finishing off the stereotype of the “sick man of Europe,” but the persistent legacies of modernization theory and nationalist historiography continue to obscure our view of the period.

scholarly journals THE HUNS AND THE GREAT MIGRATION IN EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Zhumagulov ◽  
◽  
R.O. Sadykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
World History ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Great Migration ◽  
The West ◽  
European Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great Migration

The IV-VII centuries entered the history of Eurasia and Europe as the era of the Great Migration. The current isolation of the Great Migration as a transitional historical period is especially important. It allows not only an investigation of the specific history of the Great Migration as it mostly is in the historical literature but also proves that the Great Migration was a turning point in world history. It started with the Huns’ union of tribes from the depths of Central Asia and culminated with the invasion of the west of the European continent. Since that time we have seen the synthesis and the integration of social relationships, cultures and traditions of tribes and peoples in the Eurasian space.

40Ar/39Ar Dating and Characterization of Hornblende from the Nelson Plutonic Suite, Southern Kootenay Arc, SE B.C.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Thermal History ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Kootenay Arc located in SE B.C. has experienced more than one episode of tectonism, metamorphism and plutonism. The Mid-Jurassic to Eocene thermal history of the area has been investigated using K-Ar and 40/39 dating methods of biotite and muscovite; however there are no reliable hornblende dates from this area. This study will investigate two easterly stocks of the Nelson Plutonic Suite, the Mine and Wall stocks. Both of these have U-Pb zircon ages between 171 and 168 Ma but record a wide range of mica cooling and overprinting dates between 166 Ma in the west and 67 Ma in the east. 40Ar/39Ar age spectra for hornblende from 11 rocks in these stocks comprising a transect of the area, will aid in defining the higher temperature part of the thermal history. Previous attempts to prepare bulk hornblende separates were unsuccessful due to overgrowths and intergrowths of biotite, chlorite, plagioclase and K-feldspar. Part of this study involves testing the efficiency of SELFRAG disaggregation, which uses pulses of electrostatic power to break apart the biotite-hornblende-epidote granodiorite along mineral cleavage planes and grain boundaries. This should lead to higher purity mineral separates and better dates. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Microprobe analysis analyse the separates looking for K-rich inclusions and the hornblendes variation in chemistry. Ca/K ratios are typical of igneous amphibole. Combined with previous K-Ar and 40/39 results for micas these hornblende dates should provide some insight into the history of the Next Creek fault and the thermotectonic history of the area.

scholarly journals MENJADI BIJAK MELALUI SEJARAH

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Farid Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
World History ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
The West ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heavy Burden

<strong>Abstract</strong><br />This is article about a book of Art history. The book aims have been exploratory rather than critical. The authors, Hugh Honour and John Fleming (1984),  referred exposition to interpretation and evaluation, so far as they are separable. The appeal of some works of art in this book is never purely visual, it is<br />just simply to delight our eyes. It is heavy burden to bear in mind that these conceptions are peculiar to the West perspective. It try to vast a large horizon in both time and space, attention on historically prominent periods and areas,<br />which are also those of most basic interest. Chapters are arranged chronogically, across a wide geographical panorama in order to allow crucial events in world history of humankind. This article also focus to history of photography, that was closely allied with both painting and print making, since of its invention in the 1830s. At last, history of art inevitably reflect the feelings and minds of their authors, who have been almost as diverse as the artists about whom they write, as diverse and many-sided as the works of art themselves.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Abstrak</strong><br />Tulisan ini adalah bedah buku tentang sejarah seni. Tujuan buku adalah melakukan penjelajahan daripada bacaan kritis. Penyusunnya, Hugh Honour dan John Fleming, memilih penjelasan terperinci dan sarat penilaian, yang sesungguhnya keduanya dapat terpisah. Karya-karya seni yang ditampilkan pada buku penuh visual, bermaksud untuk menyenangkan amatan pembaca. Beban besar dipikul buku ini, terkait<br />sudut pandang Barat yang rumit. Cakrawala luas ruang dan waktu dibentangkan luas pada buku ini. Penyusunan bab dibuat secara kronologis, merentang panorama geografis teramat lebar dalam rangka menjelaskan peristiwa-peristiwa penting sejarah umat manusia. Tulisan ini juga memusatkan diri pada sejarah fotografi, yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan seni lukis dan cetak mencetak, sejak temuan pada tahun 1830. Pada akhirnya, sejarah adalah cermin dari perasaan dan pikiran penulisnya, yang selalu berbeda-beda seperti halnya seniman yang mereka tulis. Berbeda-beda dan memiliki berbagai sudut pandang seperti halnya karya seni.<br /><br /><br />*) Staf Pengajar Fakultas Pendidikan Seni dan Desain, Universitas Pendidikan

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document