scholarly journals ¿Inestabilidad en el lado oscuro? estructura factorial, invarianza de medición y fiabilidad de la Dirty Dozen Dark Triad en población general de Lima

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Anthony Copez Lonzoy ◽  
Sergio Dominguez-Lara ◽  
César Merino-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Dirty Dozen ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Structure Measurement ◽  
Destructive Behaviors

Abstract: Instability on the dark side? Factorial structure, measurement invariance and reliability of the Dirty Dozen Dark Triad in the general population of Lima. The dark triad of the personality is a complex measure composed of three traits such as Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism that are associated with destructive behaviors to the interests of others. The Dirty Dozen Dark Triad (DDDT) scale was used to evaluate the dark triad. The present study seeks to analyze the internal structure, measurement invariance and reliability of DDDT scores. 320 people were recruited (64.1% women), the average age was 24.4 and 89.7% were single. Four measurement models were identified by means of confirmatory factor analysis; the measurement invariance was also evaluated, which did not show a significant deterioration for the group according to gender. In addition, congeneric and tau-equivalent models were implemented and the accuracy of the scores for all the factors was > .70. This DDDT version provides useful evidence at the psychometric level to be implemented with a screening instrument in the psychological evaluation.Keywords: Dirty Dozen Dark Triad; validation; measurement invariance; personality.Resumen: Las triada oscura de la personalidad es una medida compleja compuesta de tres rasgos como maquiavelismo, psicopatía y narcisismo que están asociados a comportamientos destructivos a los intereses de los demás. Para evaluar la tríada oscura fue utilizada la escala Dirty Dozen Dark Triad (DDDT). El presente estudio busco analizar la estructura interna, invarianza de medida y la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones de la DDDT. Fueron reclutados 320 personas (64.1% mujeres), el promedio de edad fue 24.4 y el 89.7% fueron solteros. Se identificados cuatro modelos de medida mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, también fue evaluada la invariancia de medida que no evidencio un deterioro significativo para el grupo según género. Además, fueron implementados modelos congenéricos y tau-equivalentes y la precisión de las puntuaciones para todos los factores fue >.70. Esta versión DDDT reporta evidencias útiles a nivel psicométrico para ser implementadas como instrumento de despistaje en la evaluación psicológica. Palabras clave: Dirty Dozen Dark Triad; validación; invarianza de medición; personalidad.

scholarly journals Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112092261
Author(s):  
Radosław Rogoza ◽  
Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska ◽  
Peter K. Jonason ◽  
Jarosław Piotrowski ◽  
Keith W. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Dirty Dozen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits’ measure—the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)—in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants’ sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.

scholarly journals The (mis)measurement of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: Exploitation at the core of the scale

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri J Kajonius ◽  
Björn N Persson ◽  
Patricia Rosenberg ◽  
Danilo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dirty Dozen

Background: The dark side of human character has been conceptualized in the Dark Triad Model: Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. These three dark traits are often measured using single long instruments for each one of the traits. Nevertheless, there is a necessity of short and valid personality measures in psychological research. As an independent research group, we replicated the factor structure, convergent validity and item response for one of the most recent and widely used short measures to operationalize these malevolent traits, namely, Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. We aimed to expand the understanding of what the Dirty Dozen really captures because the mixed results on construct validity in previous research. Method: We used the largest sample to date to respond to the Dirty Dozen (N = 3,698). We firstly investigated the Dirty Dozen’s factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Secondly, using sub-sample (n = 500) and correlation analyses, we investigated the Dirty Dozen dark traits convergent validity to Machiavellianism measured by the Mach-IV, psychopathy measured by Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire Revised, narcissisms using the Narcissism Personality Inventory, and both neuroticism and extraversion from the Eysenck’s questionnaire. Finally, besides these Classic Test Theory analyses, we analyzed the responses for each Dirty Dozen item using Item Response Theory (IRT). Results: The results confirmed previous findings of a bi-factor model fit: one latent core dark trait, plus the three dark traits. An additional exploratory distribution analysis showed that all three Dirty Dozen traits had a striking bi-modal distribution, which might indicate unconcealed social undesirability with the items. The three Dirty Dozen traits did converge to, although not strongly, with the contiguous single Dark Triad scales (r between .41-.49). The probabilities of filling out steps on the Dirty Dozen narcissism-items were much higher than on the Dirty Dozen items for Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Overall, the Dirty Dozen instrument delivered the most predictive value with persons with average and high Dark Triad traits (Theta > -0.5). Moreover, the Dirty Dozen scale was better conceptualized as measured of a combined Machiavellianism-psychopathy factor, not narcissism, that can be replaced with item 4: ‘I tend to exploit others towards my own end’. Conclusion: The Dirty Dozen showed a consistent factor structure, a relatively convergent validity similar to that found in earlier studies. Narcissism measured using the Dirty Dozen, however, did not contribute with information to the core constitution of the Dirty Dozen construct. More importantly, the results imply a Single Item Dirty Dark Triad (SIDDT) measure of a manipulative and anti-social core as the content of the Dirty Dozen scale.

scholarly journals Die Dunkle Triade in einer deutschen repräsentativen Stichprobe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Krasko ◽  
Till Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
German Version ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Dirty Dozen ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Bifactor Models

The "Naughty Nine" is a psychometrically optimized German version of the "Dirty Dozen", a scale to assess the Dark Triad. We examined different psychometric features of the Naughty Nine using a representative German sample (N = 2722). We compared different factor structures, investigated the measurement invariance across gender and age groups, and present reference values. The results show that the Naughty Nine is best represented by bifactor models with Machiavellianism as the reference construct that defines the content of the Dark Core. Measurement invariance can be confirmed across gender, although one indicator was marginally critical. Scalar invariance could not be confirmed across age groups. The reference values provide the possibility to rank individual raw values in relation to a German reference population. Implications for the investigation of the Dark Triad with the Naughty Nine or the Dirty Dozen are discussed.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of a scale to measure the dark side of personality

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Solana SALESSI ◽  
Alicia OMAR
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Average Variance ◽  
Composite Reliability ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract The psychometric characteristics of the Dark Triad Scale in an Argentinian context are presented. Two successive studies were carried out. Three hundred sixteen people, with an average age of 34.48 years (SD = 10.57), participated in Study 1. An exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure with suitable internal consistency (Machiavellianism: α = 0.92; narcissism: α = 0.91, and psychopathy: α = 0.89). Two hundred seventy-five people, with an average age of 32 years (SD = 8.10), participated in Study 2. A confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the three-factor structure. The three factors reached Satisfactory Composite Reliability (greater than 0.70) and adequate Convergent-Discriminant Validity (Average Variance Extrated greater than 0.50). The invariance of the scale’s parameters was demonstrated by sex. The results indicate that the Argentinian version of the Dark Triad Scale measures the dark side of personality with appropriate validity and reliability, both in men and women.

scholarly journals Measurement Invariance Testing Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Alignment Optimization: A Tutorial for Transparent Analysis Planning and Reporting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Kay Flake ◽  
Raymond Luong
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Measurement invariance—the notion that the measurement properties of a scale are equalacross groups, contexts, or time—is an important assumption underlying much of psychology research. The traditional approach for evaluating measurement invariance is to fit a series of nested measurement models using multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses. However, traditional approaches are strict, vary across the field in implementation, and present multiplicity challenges, even in the simplest case of two groups under study. The alignment method was recently proposed as an alternative approach. This method is more automated, requires fewer decisions from researchers, and accommodates two or more groups. However, it has different assumptions, estimation techniques, and limitations from traditional approaches. To address the lack of accessible resources that explain the methodological differences and complexities between the two approaches, we introduce and illustrate both, comparing them side by side. First, we overview the concepts, assumptions, advantages, and limitations of each approach. Based on this overview, we propose a list of four key considerations to help researchers decide which approach to choose and how to document their analytical decisions in a preregistration or analysis plan. We then demonstrate our key considerations on an illustrative research question using an open dataset and provide an example of a completed preregistration. Our illustrative example is accompanied by an annotated analysis report that shows readers, step-by-step, how to conduct measurement invariance tests using R and Mplus. Finally, we provide recommendations for how to decide between and use each approach and next steps for methodological research.

scholarly journals The (mis)measurement of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: Exploitation at the core of the scale

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri J Kajonius ◽  
Björn N Persson ◽  
Patricia Rosenberg ◽  
Danilo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dirty Dozen

Background: The dark side of human character has been conceptualized in the Dark Triad Model: Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. These three dark traits are often measured using single long instruments for each one of the traits. Nevertheless, there is a necessity of short and valid personality measures in psychological research. As an independent research group, we replicated the factor structure, convergent validity and item response for one of the most recent and widely used short measures to operationalize these malevolent traits, namely, Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. We aimed to expand the understanding of what the Dirty Dozen really captures because the mixed results on construct validity in previous research. Method: We used the largest sample to date to respond to the Dirty Dozen (N = 3,698). We firstly investigated the Dirty Dozen’s factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Secondly, using sub-sample (n = 500) and correlation analyses, we investigated the Dirty Dozen dark traits convergent validity to Machiavellianism measured by the Mach-IV, psychopathy measured by Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire Revised, narcissisms using the Narcissism Personality Inventory, and both neuroticism and extraversion from the Eysenck’s questionnaire. Finally, besides these Classic Test Theory analyses, we analyzed the responses for each Dirty Dozen item using Item Response Theory (IRT). Results: The results confirmed previous findings of a bi-factor model fit: one latent core dark trait, plus the three dark traits. An additional exploratory distribution analysis showed that all three Dirty Dozen traits had a striking bi-modal distribution, which might indicate unconcealed social undesirability with the items. The three Dirty Dozen traits did converge to, although not strongly, with the contiguous single Dark Triad scales (r between .41-.49). The probabilities of filling out steps on the Dirty Dozen narcissism-items were much higher than on the Dirty Dozen items for Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Overall, the Dirty Dozen instrument delivered the most predictive value with persons with average and high Dark Triad traits (Theta > -0.5). Moreover, the Dirty Dozen scale was better conceptualized as measured of a combined Machiavellianism-psychopathy factor, not narcissism, that can be replaced with item 4: ‘I tend to exploit others towards my own end’. Conclusion: The Dirty Dozen showed a consistent factor structure, a relatively convergent validity similar to that found in earlier studies. Narcissism measured using the Dirty Dozen, however, did not contribute with information to the core constitution of the Dirty Dozen construct. More importantly, the results imply a Single Item Dirty Dark Triad (SIDDT) measure of a manipulative and anti-social core as the content of the Dirty Dozen scale.

scholarly journals The (mis)measurement of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: exploitation at the core of the scale

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri J. Kajonius ◽  
Björn N. Persson ◽  
Patricia Rosenberg ◽  
Danilo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dirty Dozen

Background.The dark side of human character has been conceptualized in the Dark Triad Model: Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. These three dark traits are often measured using single long instruments for each one of the traits. Nevertheless, there is a necessity of short and valid personality measures in psychological research. As an independent research group, we replicated the factor structure, convergent validity and item response for one of the most recent and widely used short measures to operationalize these malevolent traits, namely, Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. We aimed to expand the understanding of what the Dirty Dozen really captures because the mixed results on construct validity in previous research.Method. We used the largest sample to date to respond to the Dirty Dozen (N= 3,698). We firstly investigated the factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and an exploratory distribution analysis of the items in the Dirty Dozen. Secondly, using a sub-sample (n= 500) and correlation analyses, we investigated the Dirty Dozen dark traits convergent validity to Machiavellianism measured by the Mach-IV, psychopathy measured by Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire Revised, narcissism using the Narcissism Personality Inventory, and both neuroticism and extraversion from the Eysenck’s questionnaire. Finally, besides these Classic Test Theory analyses, we analyzed the responses for each Dirty Dozen item using Item Response Theory (IRT).Results.The results confirmed previous findings of a bi-factor model fit: one latent core dark trait and three dark traits. All three Dirty Dozen traits had a striking bi-modal distribution, which might indicate unconcealed social undesirability with the items. The three Dirty Dozen traits did converge too, although not strongly, with the contiguous single Dark Triad scales (rbetween .41 and .49). The probabilities of filling out steps on the Dirty Dozen narcissism-items were much higher than on the Dirty Dozen items for Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Overall, the Dirty Dozen instrument delivered the most predictive value with persons with average and high Dark Triad traits (theta> −0.5). Moreover, the Dirty Dozen scale was better conceptualized as a combined Machiavellianism-psychopathy factor, not narcissism, and is well captured with item 4: ‘I tend to exploit others towards my own end.’Conclusion.The Dirty Dozen showed a consistent factor structure, a relatively convergent validity similar to that found in earlier studies. Narcissism measured using the Dirty Dozen, however, did not contribute with information to the core of the Dirty Dozen construct. More importantly, the results imply that the core of the Dirty Dozen scale, a manipulative and anti-social trait, can be measured by a Single Item Dirty Dark Dyad (SIDDD).

scholarly journals Does the Dark Triad Manifest Similarly in men and Women? Measurement Invariance of the Dirty Dozen across sex

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Chiorri ◽  
Carlo Garofalo ◽  
Patrizia Velotti
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dirty Dozen

scholarly journals We do not measure what we aim to measure: Testing Three Measurement Models for Nationalism and Patriotism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Mußotter
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
National Attitudes ◽  
Previous Scholarship

AbstractThe measurement models for both nationalism and patriotism originally developed by Blank and Schmidt are broadly established. Despite their widespread usage in Germany and beyond, concerns have been voiced about the operationalisation of these nation-related concepts. However, in previous scholarship little attention has been devoted to systematically reviewing the models’ validity. This paper’s major goal is to contribute substantially to research on operationalising national attitudes by thoroughly examining how both nationalism and patriotism are measured and how valid the predominant measurement models really are. By running a confirmatory factor analysis, three measurement models based on the ISSP data of 2003 are replicated and empirically reviewed. By conducting a single-country analysis, the models are tested for the German case, including the evaluation of measurement invariance for both Eastern and Western Germany. Although the selected measurement models yield satisfying results, the paper identifies considerable shortcomings with regard to the way both nationalism and patriotism are empirically approached. It calls for a reconceptualising of the prevailing concept of pride and thus challenges the predominant operationalisation.

scholarly journals Examining the Structural Validity of Stereotype Content Measures – A Preregistered Re-Analysis of Published Data and Discussion of Possible Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Therese Friehs ◽  
Johanna Boettcher ◽  
Patrick Ferdinand Kotzur ◽  
Tabea Lüttmer ◽  
Ulrich Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
English Speaking

The stereotype content model (SCM) plays a prominent role in social perception research when comparing the evaluation of different groups on warmth and competence dimensions. We examined the structural validity of SCM measures from publications based on data from English speaking participants. Re-analyzing 78 datasets from 43 published studies using confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance assessment, we found that 34.81% of the 586 re-analyzed SCM measurement models showed adequate scale dimensionality, implying a meaningful and valid warmth and competence assessment in one third of all cases. Regarding the scales’ comparability as defined by measurement invariance, we found (partial) scalar invariance as precondition for meaningful mean-value comparisons in 11.43% of all cases. These findings indicate considerable validity concerns in published SCM research. We propose future directions to improve the measurement quality and validity in future SCM research and invite fellow researchers to constructively discuss these ideas.

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