scholarly journals Habitational abiotic environmental factors alter Arbuscular mycorrhizal composition, species richness and diversity index in Abroma augusta L. (Malvaceae) rhizosphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parkash
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

scholarly journals Species richness and diversity in shrub savanna using ordinary kriging

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Pedro Bernardina Batista ◽  
José Márcio de Mello ◽  
Marcel Régis Raimundo ◽  
Henrique Ferraço Scolforo ◽  
Aliny Aparecida dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution and the behavior of species richness and diversity in a shrub savanna fragment, in 2003 and 2014, using ordinary kriging, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both evaluation years, the measurements were performed in a fragment with 236.85 hectares, in which individual trees were measured and identified across 40 plots (1,000 m2). Species richness was determined by the total number of species in each plot, and diversity by the Shannon diversity index. For the variogram study, spatial models were fitted and selected. Then, ordinary kriging was applied and the spatial distribution of the assessed variables was described. A strong spatial dependence was observed between species richness and diversity by the Shannon diversity index (<25% spatial dependence degree). Areas of low and high species diversity and richness were found in the shrub savanna fragment. Spatial distribution behavior shows relative stability regarding the number of species and the Shannon diversity index in the evaluated years.

scholarly journals Baseline Assessments of Wildlife Biodiversity Within Selected Areas of Central Visayas, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
RP Jose ◽  
WA Aureo ◽  
CI Narido ◽  
TD Reyes Jr ◽  
MB Sarnowski
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Biodiversity Inventories ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Areas Of Protection

A comprehensive inventory of faunal biodiversity was conducted within three Key Biodiversity Areas of Central Visayas. Mt. Bandilaan Natural Park (MBNP), Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park (BTLNP), and Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL). Three primary wildlife groups were surveyed: bats, birds and amphibians. Species diversity and population trends were then analyzed to assess areas of biodiversity importance. RSPL generally had the highest species richness and diversity index while MBNP consistently had the lowest. When pooled. The surveyed areas resulted in a high diversity index and rate of endemicity showing the importance of multiple areas of protection. These findings can be utilized to prioritize habitat protection as well as to serve as a baseline information for future biodiversity inventories. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(2): 27-34

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Rural Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 6719-6729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulan Dai ◽  
Luke D. Bainard ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Derek Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACTThe influence of land use on soil bio-resources is largely unknown. We examined the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in wheat-growing cropland, natural areas, and seminatural areas along roads. We sampled the Canadian prairie extensively (317 sites) and sampled 20 sites in the Atlantic maritime ecozone for comparison. The proportions of the different AM fungal taxa in the communities found at these sites varied with land use type and ecozones, based on pyrosequencing of 18S rRNA gene (rDNA) amplicons, but the lists of AM fungal taxa obtained from the different land use types and ecozones were very similar. In the prairie, the Glomeraceae family was the most abundant and diverse family of Glomeromycota, followed by the Claroideoglomeraceae, but in the Atlantic maritime ecozone, the Claroideoglomeraceae family was most abundant. In the prairie, species richness and Shannon's diversity index were highest in roadsides, whereas cropland had a higher degree of species richness than roadsides in the Atlantic maritime ecozone. The frequencies of occurrence of the different AM fungal taxa in croplands in the prairie and Atlantic maritime ecozones were highly correlated, but the AM fungal communities in these ecozones had different structures. We conclude that the AM fungal resources of soils are resilient to disturbance and that the richness of AM fungi under cropland management has been maintained, despite evidence of a structural shift imposed by this type of land use. Roadsides in the Canadian prairie are a good repository for the conservation of AM fungal diversity.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Zooplankton Communities and the Effects of Environmental Factors in the Seawater Near Taishan Nuclear Power Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. He ◽  
H.P. Jiao ◽  
N. He ◽  
Y.Y. Chang ◽  
H.Y. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Evenness Index

In the seawater near Taishan Nuclear Power Station, Zooplankton community composition and abundance, the biomass of major taxa, vertical distribution pattern, together with several environmental factors were investigated to evaluate the variation tendency as the seasons change. The structure characteristics of the zooplankton community were analyzed by Margalef species richness (d), Shannon-wiener species diversity index (H’), Pielou evenness index(J’), zooplankton dominant (Y), and dominant species replacement rate (R). There are 48 species within 11 classes of zooplankton identified, including 32 species of copepods. Zooplankton species richness changed obviously in the four seasons, Spring saw the highest (8010.00 ind.m-3), followed by winter (5100.00 ind.m-3), autumn (1713.75 ind.m-3), and summer (1196.25 ind.m-3). Similar trends were observed for the wet biomass, which was highest in spring (215.90 mg.m-3), followed by winter (181.70 mg.m-3), summer (78.56 mg.m-3), and autumn (24.69 mg.m-3), which gave an annual average of 125.21 mg.m-3. The results indicate that the abundance and biomass in spring were significantly higher than those in other seasons. Altogether 8 dominant species were identified along the whole year: Acrocalanmus gibber, Bestiolina amoyensis, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia danae, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Noctiluca scientillans, Penilla avirostris, and Lucifer penicilliger. The annual average Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef diversity index, Pielou evenness index were 1.75, 1.83, and 0.74, respectively. The effects of environmental factors on the zooplankton community were studied by R and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). According to Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis, the most important environmental factors influencing the changes of zooplankton species composition, abundance and distribution were water temperature, salinity, and pH in the whole year.

scholarly journals Dinamika Suksesi Vegetasi pada Areal Pasca Perladangan Berpindah di Kalimantan Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Ardiatma Maulana ◽  
Priyono Suryanto ◽  
Widiyatno Widiyatno ◽  
Eny Faridah ◽  
Bambang Suwignyo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Cultivation Practice

Indonesia memiliki luasan hutan hujan tropis terluas nomor tiga setelah Brazil dan Afrika. Namun, tingkat degradasi hutan yang tinggi di Indonesia menyebabkan negara ini menjadi salah satu penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca terbesar di dunia. Salah satu penyebab turunnya luasan hutan tropis di Indonesia adalah praktek perladangan berpindah. Suksesi vegetasi pasca perladangan berpindah dapat memberikan layanan ekologis berupa peningkatan tutupan vegetasi dan perbaikan sifat tanah yang jarang sekali terekspose pada tingkat lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika suksesi vegetasi padalahan pasca perladangan berpindah tingkat lanjut. Penelitian dinamika suksesi vegetasi dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tanaman bawah, semai sapihan dan pohon di lahan pasca perladangan dengan tiga umur yang berbeda, yaitu bera muda (1 – 10 tahun), bera sedang (11 – 20 tahun), bera tua (> 20 tahun), dan hutan alam dengan menggunakan metode petak bersarang dengan plot yang ditempatkan secara sistematik. Analisis vegetasi dengan menggunakan Indeks Nilai Penting, Kelimpahan Jenis, Keragaman, dan Kemerataan. Analisis varian dengan uji lanjut DMRT digunakan jika hasil dari tiap index vegetasi berbeda signifikan antar umur perladangan. Adanya pola peningkatan serta perbedaan yang nyata (P < 0,05) antara kelimpahan dan keragaman jenis vegetasi penyusun lahan bera sedang dengan lahan bera tua pada tingkatan pohon kecuali vegetasi penyusun tanaman bawah. Nilai keragaman dan kelimpahan jenis tingkat pohon lahan bera tua tidak berbeda nyata dengan hutan alam namun memiliki komposisi yang berbeda.The Dynamics of Succession of Vegetation in the Post-Shifting Cultivation Area in Central KalimantanAbstractIndonesia’s forests is the third largest tropical forest after Brazil and Africa. However, the high rate of forest degradation in Indonesia led this country become one of the most largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. One of the causes of the degradation of tropical forest in Indonesia is the shifting cultivation practice. The succession of vegetation after shifting cultivation practice can provide ecological services such as increasing vegetation cover and improving soil properties but takes too long to recover. This study aims to understand the dynamics of vegetation succession in the post-shifting cultivation advanced stage. This study was conducted using systematical nested sampling method to take sample of shurb and herbs, and trees, including, seedling and, sapling growth stage form three different stage of post-shifting cultivation land areas, ie young fallow (1 - 10 years), intermediate fallow (11 - 20 years), old fallow (> 20 years), and natural forest. The vegetation data were then analyzed using Important Value, Species Richness, Diversity and Evenness Indices. Analysis of variance with post-hoc test of DMRT assays was used if the results each vegetation indices differed significantly between stage of post-shifting cultivation land. The Species Richness and Diversity Index of shurb and herb, seedling, sapling, and tree have significantly increased (P < 0,05) except the herb and shrub communities. The Species richness and Diversity Index of tree stage of old fallow were not significantly different from natural forest but it was composed with different species.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Plant species richness and diversity in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angga Yudaputra ◽  
Puguh Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity

Abstract. Yudaputra A, Rahardjo P. 2020. Short Communication: Plant species richness and diversity in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1735-1742. The information on plant species richness and diversity in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark, Central Java is very limited. This study aimed: (1) to investigate plant species richness and abundance as well as floristic composition in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark; (2) to reveal the potential uses of plant species recorded in the area. Square sampling plots were applied for nine sampling locations. Square plot of 10 x 10 m was applied to record tree, while nested plots of 5 x 5 m and 2 x 2 m were applied to record sapling and understorey plants including shrubs and herbs, respectively. The highest plant species richness was found in the location with higher elevation and mountainous topography. The species abundance reaches its maximum values at low to moderate elevation. Shannon Diversity Index (H) showed that tree and sapling have moderate diversity, whereas understorey plant has high diversity. Melastoma malabathricum, Clidemia hirta, Zingiber zerumbet, and Ageratum conyzoides are the most abundant plants in this Geopark. Most of plants recorded have potential benefit as medicinal uses.

scholarly journals Exploring Effective Conservation of Charismatic Flora: Orchids in Armenia as a Case Study

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Aisyah Faruk ◽  
Astghik Papikyan ◽  
Anush Nersesyan
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Mapping Software ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Effective Conservation

Plants are the bedrock of life on Earth but are increasingly threatened with extinction. The most cost-effective way of conserving plant diversity is through Protected Areas (PAs). However, the locality, size, and management of PAs are crucial for effectively maintaining diversity and have been criticized as currently inadequate. Using Armenia as our study site and orchids as our study taxa, we sought to (1) identify spatial patterns of orchid diversity hotspots and corresponding PA network sites; (2) examine if the current PA network is effective at capturing orchid species richness and diversity and (3) explore the relationship between the range of area suitability of species and level of protection. We used data collected from herbarium, field visits and GBIF occurrence records. Using freely available mapping software, we created heatmaps of observations and species richness. We compared PA sites based on the number of species (species richness) and diversity (Shannon–Weiner Index). Species range was developed using the MaxEnt model and a correlation analysis was performed against the proportion of the range within PA. We found that 57% of PA sites have a representation of at least one species of orchid, but some threatened species are not presented within any PA site. The Tavush and Syunik province not only held the highest species richness (>10 species), but the PA network within also held high orchid diversity (2.5 diversity index value for Dilijan National Park). We did not find a significant relationship between the range of area suitability for orchids and protection; however, all our target species had less than 30% of their range under protection. Our study highlights important challenges related to the limitations of available data, and we discuss these implications towards effective conservation outcomes for orchids for the region.

Linking fish and crustacean taxonomic composition with seasonal contrasts in the soft-bottom intertidal zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gondal ◽  
S. Iqbal ◽  
U. Atique ◽  
N. U. Saher ◽  
N. A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fish Species Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sw Monsoon

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal fish and crustacean variations concerning taxonomic composition, species richness, and diversity in sandy beach habitat. For this purpose, we investigated the Sonmiani Hor lagoon area during four distinct seasons, i.e., northeast (NE) monsoon, pre-monsoon, south-west (SW) monsoon, and post-monsoon for one year. During each haul, the net was pulled about 100m along the beach in 0.5m depth. The results showed a strong linear correlation between the diversity index and equitability in fishes (r = 0.978). The diversity index was strong negatively correlated with the abundance and biomass (r = -0.978, -0.972, respectively). The physical attributes like sea surface water temperature and salinity showed a strong negative effect on species assemblages (r = -0.981 and -0.943, respectively). The mean air and water temperature illustrated approximately 3°C difference during NE and pre-monsoon seasons. However, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity did not show any significant seasonal variabilities. Under the ecological indices, the fish species displayed higher diversity (H’ = 3.19) during SW monsoon, whereas the lowest diversity was observed during pre-monsoon (H’ = 1.58). The equitability and species richness, however, remained more noticeable during SW monsoon (J’ = 0.81). The total number of individuals of fish and crustaceans reached 4799 with 3813 fish individuals and 986 individuals of crustaceans. A total of 27 families of fish while five crustacean families comprising of 30 genera and 38 fish species while ten genera and 17 species of crustaceans were recorded. Liza subviridis displayed the highest abundance among the sampled fish species. In conclusion, fish species constituted a significant part of the coastal fauna in the study area. The seasonal variations displayed distinct variations in fish species composition and diversity.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

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