scholarly journals Floristic characteristics of dry pastures and rocky grounds the second year after the wildfire on Vidlič mountain

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Marija Marković ◽  
Biljana Nikolić ◽  
Aleksandar Lučić
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Floristic Characteristics

In this paper, the influence of wildfire on dry pastures and rocky grounds the second year after the fire is followed. The results of field studies are presented in the form of phytocoenological table, by applying clustering techniques (WPGMA) and correspondence analysis (CA). Regrouping of the relevés, in comparison with the first year after fire, indicates that specific and more individual directions in vegetation succession have occurred. The situation remained unchanged, only for the rocky sites affected by the fire, at higher altitudes, in the zone of beech forests where the relevés were still standing separately on the graph, as in the previous season, indicating stability in floristic composition, probably caused by faster moving of the fire over the rocky substrate. The quantitative increase in the number of species and diversity index in comparison to the previous season was registered.

scholarly journals Ruderal succession starting at different seasons

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Bornkamm
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Clayey Loam ◽  
First Year ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Different Soils

Succession experiments were carried out in 1 m<sup>2</sup> sized plots on three different soils (S = sand. SCL = silty clayey loam, CL = clayey loam). Vegetation was allowed to grow for 9 years, starting at different dates between 18.06.1969 and 1.04.1971. The greatest part of the variation of floristic composition and cover was brought about by the different soils. Direct effects of the starting season were detected only in the first two years. On sand in the first year the winter annual <em>Conyza canadensis</em> was well developed on the plots that had started in spring, but was poorly developed on the summer and fall plots. In the second year it decreased in the spring plots but increased in the summer and fall plots. The same was true for the winter annual <em>Sonchus asper</em> on CL. On SCL, however., <em>Senecio vulgaris</em>, belonging to the therophyta epeteia (overwintering in summer habit), was well developed in both the spring and summer plots, and showed an increase towards the second year in the fall plots only. In the later years of the experiment plots that had been started early in the year mostly were dominated by <em>Poa pratensis</em> ssp. <em>angustifolia (or Quercus rubra)</em>, whereas plots that had been started late in the year mostly were dominated by <em>Solidagn canadensis</em> together with <em>Artemsia vulgaris</em>. The analyses of the transition events between the (sub)dominant species showed a variety of replacement patterns, but no determinated series of species following each other. It remains, therefore, unclear in what manner the differentiation between the terminal dominants may be related to the starting season.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
V. A. Petruk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.

scholarly journals Zoysiagrass Establishment from Sprigs following Application of Herbicides, Nitrogen, and a Biostimulator

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Carroll ◽  
P.H. Dernoeden ◽  
J.M. Krouse
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Sprigs of `Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were treated with urea nitrogen, a biostimulator, and one of three preemergence herbicides or one of two postemergence herbicides to hasten establishment in two field studies. Monthly application of N at 48 kg·ha–1 during the growing season had no influence on sprig establishment the first year, but slightly increased (+5%) zoysiagrass cover the second year. Presoaking sprigs in a solution containing (mg·L–1) 173 auxin and 81 cytokinin, and iron at 1.25 g·L–1 before broadcasting of sprigs, and biweekly sprays (g·ha–1) of 53 auxin and 24 cytokinin, and iron at 0.2 g·L–1 or (g·ha–1) 68 auxin and 36 cytokinin, and iron at 1.45 g·L–1 after broadcasting sprigs had no effect on zoysiagrass cover or rooting. Preemergence and postemergence herbicide use generally enhanced zoysiagrass cover by reducing smooth crabgrass competition [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig) Schreb. ex Muhl]. Oxadiazon enhanced zoysiagrass coverage more than dithiopyr, pendimethalin, quinclorac, or fenoxaprop. Oxadiazon and dithiopyr provided similar levels of crabgrass control, but dithiopyr reduced `Meyer' zoysiagrass midsummer root growth. Chemical names used: 3,5,-pyridinedicarbothioic acid, 2-[difluromethyl]-4-[2-methyl-propyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-S,S-dimethyl ester (dithiopyr); [±]-ethyl 2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy] propanoate (fenoxaprop); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); 3,7-dichloro-8-quin-olinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac).

Glufosinate-Resistant, BAR-Transformed Rice (Oryza sativa) and Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Response to Glufosinate Alone and in Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Sankula ◽  
Michael P. Braverman ◽  
Steven D. Linscombe
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Second Year ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Glufosinate applied postemergence alone and in mixture with pendimethalin, thiobencarb, quinclorac, propanil, bensulfuron, bentazon, acifluorfen, or triclopyr was evaluated on bialaphosresistant (BAR) rice and red rice in field studies. Glufosinate at 2.2 kg ai/ha alone was less phytotoxic (6%) to BAR-transformed rice than when it was applied in combination with 0.4 kg ai/ha triclopyr (59%) or 0.6 kg ai/ha acifluorfen (22%). Rice yield with glufosinate alone was similar to the weed-free check the first year, but 13% less than the weed-free check the second year. For the glufosinate plus triclopyr mixture, rice yield was reduced by 39 and 76% compared with glufosinate alone in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Red rice control was 92% with either 3.4 kg ai/ha propanil or 0.6 kg/ha acifluorfen mixed with 0.6 kg/ha glufosinate, which was greater than for glufosinate alone and the other combinations. Propanil or acifluorfen mixed with glufosinate reduced red rice plant height, panicle maturity, and 100-seed weight 16, 31, and 24%, respectively, compared to glufosinate alone and 30, 48, and 43%, respectively, compared to the nontreated weedy check.

Soybean (Glycine Max) Cultivar Response to AC 263,222 as Influenced by Supplemental Irrigation

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
100 Seed Weight

In field studies conducted over two years, soybean cultivars ‘Deltapine 415’, ‘Forrest’, ‘Asgrow 6785’, ‘Centennial’, 'Sharkey’, ‘Terra Vig 616’, ‘Hartz 6686’, and ‘Pioneer 9791’ responded similarly to POST application of AC 263,222. With supplemental overhead irrigation of 5.1 cm weekly for 4 wk initiated 21 d after herbicide applications, mature soybean height for the cultivars averaged 18% less than that of the untreated check for 27 g/ha AC 263,222, but only 8% less when not irrigated. Although nonirrigated soybean seed yield following AC 263,222 application the first year was not reduced compared with the untreated check, with irrigation seed yield reductions of 12 and 32% were noted for 13 and 27 g/ha AC 263,222, respectively. Seed yield the second year was not negatively affected with herbicide application whether soybean was irrigated or not irrigated. For individual years, seed yield for the untreated irrigated and nonirrigated checks was similar. In the first year soybean yield following AC 263,222 at 13 and 27 g/ha with irrigation was 16 and 30% lower, respectively, than when soybean was not irrigated. Decreases in soybean 100-seed weight accompanied the yield reductions.

Dormancy, Longevity, and Germination of Seed of Three Larkspurs and Western False Hellebore

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Coburn Williams ◽  
Eugene H. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Delphinium Barbeyi ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Tall Larkspur ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Delphinium Occidentale

Dormancy, longevity, and germination of seed of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi Huth), duncecap larkspur (Delphinium occidentale S. Wats.), low larkspur (Delphinium nelsonii Greene), and western false hellebore (Veratrum californicum Durand) were investigated. Field studies were conducted in the Cache National Forest in Idaho at 8,000 ft elevation. With the exception of 12 of 400 buried duncecap larkspur seed, seed of all species in the longevity study germinated or disintegrated the first year under field conditions. No sound or viable seed was found at the end of the second year. Dormancy of most seed was broken in 13 to 19 weeks when seed were held at 33 to 34 F in moist sand in the laboratory or when seed were in contact with moist unfrozen soil under snow. Under optimum field conditions, the majority of the seed germinated by late March. Seedlings were well-established before snow-melt in June.

Genetic relationships between winter survival in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) and yield in the previous season

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. England
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
First Year ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Selection For

SummaryEvidence is presented that, in Italian ryegrass, the ability to survive in the sward into a second year after sowing may be assessed on spaced plants or on closely planted rows. There is no indication that selection for the ability to survive into the second year need cause loss of yield in the first year after sowing. In an earlier paper based on the same experiment (England, 1975) incorrect formulae were used for calculating family heritabilities and genetic correlations. In an appendix the correct formulae are derived and the consequent changes in the conclusions of the previous paper are described.

scholarly journals Ecological and floristic characteristics of new montpellier maple (Acer monspessulanum L.) site in the locality Glogovita kosa on Mt. Boranja

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Milorad Janic ◽  
Janko Ljubicic
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Floristic Characteristics

A new motpellier maple (Acer monspessulanum L.) site was described in this paper, located on mountain Boranja, in forest management unit ?Istocna Boranja?, above Roguljski potok, on Glogovita kosa ridge. Montpellier maple occurs on elevations between 460 and 480 m a.s.l., on southwestern and western aspect, on very steep slopes with inclination 45? t? 50?. The site area is 874 m2, ?nd coordinates of site centre are: ?=19?13?49.0? and ?=44?25?21.33?. In this site, Montpellier maple occurs in a plant community of hop-hornbeam and manna ash, and considering that Montpellier maple was recorded in all three layers, and that it occurs abundantly in shrub and ground layers, a subassotiation with montpellier maple was set apart (?stryo carpinifoliae-Fraxinetum orni subass. ?ceretosum monspessulanii). According to floristic composition, most plant species belong to the submediterranean floral type, so this community represents an enclave of submediterranean vegetation in the belt of continental beech forests. The community is of azonal character, orographically-edaphically conditioned, and occurs in warmer aspects, on shallow and skeletal rendzina on oolithic limestones.

Seed production of cut-leaved teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus) in central Missouri

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Bentivegna ◽  
Reid Smeda
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Seed Field ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

AbstractCut-leaved teasel is an invasive weed in Missouri that reduces the diversification of native species along roadsides and impairs traffic visibility. Teasel is a biennial and grows as a rosette in the first year and flowers the second year. Reproduction is only by seed. Field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 at two locations to assess the seed production of cut-leaved teasel. From a natural stand, fifteen plants were tagged at the onset of flowering. Selected plants included those considered growing in a group and those growing alone; a plant was considered alone when no other plant was adjacent for at least 60 cm. Whenever a seedhead completed flowering, it was covered with a cellophane bag and harvested one month later. Linear regression was used to correlate the weight of seeds from a single seedhead and number of seeds to estimate the total seed production per seedhead. The number of seedheads per plant varied from 3 to 56. On average, plants growing alone had 64% more seedheads per plant than plants occurring in a group. Seed numbers in the primary seedhead ranged from 511 to 1,487. Total seed production per plant ranged from 1,309 to 33,527. Seed production was 61% greater for plants growing alone versus those growing in a group and was more prolific in 2005 than in 2004. In addition, seed production per plant varied between locations for plants growing alone, but seed yield per plant was similar for plants growing in groups. Colonization of teasel in new areas is facilitated by higher seedhead numbers per plant and total seed production compared to reproduction of plants in areas of intraspecific competition.

Preseeding tillage and postseeding packing effects on spring wheat growth in a semiarid environment

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Packing Effects

Using a pneumatic seeding implement, field studies were established to determine the effect of preseeding tillage and postseeding packing on spring wheat emergence, growth, grain yield and maturity. The first year of this study (1981) was drier and warmer than the 30-yr mean. The second year (1982) was wetter and temperatures were lower. During 1981, preseeding tillage increased plant emergence by 24% (98 vs. 122 plants m−2), while no effect was observed in 1982. Preseeding tillage increased grain yield by 8 and 4% over the same periods. Postseeding packing increased plant emergence by 19% in 1981 and 7% in 1982. Increased grain yield due to packing was 10% in 1981 and 7% in 1982. A second packing operation usually resulted in a nonsignificant yield increase. No difference in relative maturity was detected between any of the treatments in either years. Key words: Preseeding tillage, soil packing, pneumatic seeder, wheat

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document