scholarly journals Biogas equipment for electricity and heating

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Slavica Prvulović ◽  
Jasna Tolmac ◽  
Milica Joksimović ◽  
Dafina Dragičević
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Constituent Elements

The paper gives an example of a biogas plant used for electricity and heat production. First, the role and importance of the biogas plant is presented, then an overview of the raw materials used for biogas production is given, a project of the biogas plant with constituent elements is given, as well as a description of the technological process and elements of the biogas plant. The calculation of biogas consumption for the needs of the power plant of 0.999 MW has also been performed.

scholarly journals Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion as an Energy Vector: Current Upgrading Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Raquel Iglesias ◽  
Raúl Muñoz ◽  
María Polanco ◽  
Israel Díaz ◽  
Ana Susmozas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vector Current ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Materials Used

The present work reviews the role of biogas as advanced biofuel in the renewable energy system, summarizing the main raw materials used for biogas production and the most common technologies for biogas upgrading and delving into emerging biological methanation processes. In addition, it provides a description of current European legislative framework and the potential biomethane business models as well as the main biogas production issues to be addressed to fully deploy these upgrading technologies. Biomethane could be competitive due to negative or zero waste feedstock prices, and competitive to fossil fuels in the transport sector and power generation if upgrading technologies become cheaper and environmentally sustainable.

Shiitake. Introduction to the industrial culture of the wood-destroying exotic longevity mushroom

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Н.Л. Девочкина ◽  
С.В. Мукиенко ◽  
Л.Г. Дугуниева
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Mineral Additives ◽  
Production Conditions

Представлена информация по изучению технологических особенностей культивирования нового для российского продовольственного грибного рынка вида дереворазрушающего гриба – шиитаке (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sin). Шиитаке – один из наиболее перспективных для промышленного культивирования видов съедобных грибов, обладающих лечебными свойствами, занимает второе место в мировом производстве съедобных грибов. Работа по поиску материалов, используемых в качестве добавок к основному исходному материалу субстрата и способствующих созданию благоприятного водно-воздушного и кислотного режима, повышению питательности приготовленного субстрата, ускорению процесса вегетативного роста мицелия в субстрате, актуальна для грибоводческой практики. Цель исследований – разработать технологический процесс полного цикла культивирования шиитаке и установить его оптимальные параметры в производственных условиях ООО «Апрель». Исследования, испытания и разработку технологии полного цикла выращивания шиитаке проводили в лаборатории грибоводства ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО и на базе действующего предприятия по выращиванию дереворазрушающих грибов ООО «Апрель» с 2019 по 2020 год. Технология приготовления субстрата и выращивание плодовых тел шиитаке аналогична технологии производства вешенки. Изучено влияние состава субстрата на урожайность шиитаке в вариантах: 1. Опилки дуба (80%) + опилки березы (10%) + минеральные добавки (10%); 2. Опилки дуба (80%) + опилки березы (5%) + лузга семян подсолнечника, отруби пшеничные (5%) + минеральные добавки (10%). Использован штамм шиитаке 0912. В результате апробации разработанного технологического процесса полного цикла культивирования шиитаке в производственных условиях было установлено, что оптимальная продолжительность периода выращивания шиитаке и получение урожая в камерах выращивания составляет в среднем 53–68 суток. Важнейшая составляющая технологического процесса культивирования шиитаке – приготовление субстрата, подбор исходных материалов и биологически активных добавок, обеспечивающих его высокую питательность (содержание общего азота – 0,8–1,2% и более) и возможность получения урожая более 30–35% от массы субстрата с высокой экономической эффективностью от 290% (рентабельность производства). The article presents information on the study of technological features of cultivation of a new type of wood-destroying mushroom – shiitake (Lentinus edodes(Berk.) Sin), which is new for the Russian food mushroom market. Shiitake – one of the most promising types of edible mushrooms for industrial cultivation, which have medicinal properties, occupies the second place in the world production of edible mushrooms. The work on the search for materials used as additives to the main source material of the substrate and contributing to the creation of a favorable water-air and acid regime, increasing the nutritional value of the prepared substrate, accelerating the process of vegetative growth of mycelium in the substrate is relevant for mushroom growing practice. The purpose of the research – to develop the technological process of the full cycle of shiitake cultivation and to establish its optimal parameters in the production conditions of LLC April. Research, testing and development of the technology of the full cycle of shiitake cultivation were carried out in the laboratory of mushroom growing of ARRIVG – branch of Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing and on the basis of the existing enterprise for growing wood-destroying mushrooms LLC April from 2019 to 2020. The technology of preparing the substrate and growing shiitake fruit bodies is similar to the technology of producing oyster mushrooms. The influence of the substrate composition on the shiitake yield in the variants was studied: 1. Oak sawdust (80%) + birch sawdust (10%) + mineral additives (10%); 2. Oak sawdust (80%) + birch sawdust (5%) + sunflower seed husk, wheat bran (5%) + mineral additives (10%). The shiitake 0912 strain was used. As a result of testing the developed technological process of the full cycle of shiitake cultivation in production conditions, it was found that the optimal duration of the shiitake growing period and the harvest in the growing chambers is on average 53–68 days. The most important component of the technological process of shiitake cultivation is the preparation of the substrate, the selection of raw materials and biologically active additives that ensure its high nutritional value (total nitrogen content of 0.8–1.2% or more) and the possibility of obtaining a crop of more than 30–35% of the substrate weight with high economic efficiency of 290% (profitability of production).

scholarly journals SIMULATION MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM MULTICOMPONENT PLANT RAW MATERIALS. ANALYSIS AND PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр (Aleksandr) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich) Топаж (Topazh) ◽  
Владимир (Vladimir) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Вигонт (Vigont) ◽  
Любовь (Ljubov') Анатольевна (Anatol'evna) Хворова (Hvorova)
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

Article is devoted to the description and the analysis of the system-dynamic model of technological process of biogas production from multicomponent vegetable raw materials. A research objective – optimization of biogas production process from vegetable raw materials by methods of imitating modeling, finding of the optimal regimes of the simulated production cycle – the best ratio from the economic point of view between an exit of biomethane and rates of giving/replacement of the initial substratum depending on the composition of raw materials.In article models with a discrete and continuous cycle of production are considered, the description of the similar realization executed in the environment of multiapproach modeling of AnyLogic for model of technological process of anaerobic digestion of non-uniform multicomponent vegetable biomass is provided.The known stoichiometric model of production of biomethane is taken as a basis, her modification is made for a case of multicomponent raw materials (percentage division into conditional components – sugar, lignin and cellulose). Possibilities of modern software shells and environments of modeling in tasks of the complex analysis and optimization of the studied process are shown.During the conducted researches a row of non-trivial results on a choice of optimum parameters of an operation mode of the model bioreactor is received. For a case of the discrete process of up-dating of contents as parameters of optimization the frequency and a level of up-dating, and for the continuous flowing system – channel speed were selected.It is shown that the optimal values of the parameters from the point of view of the integrated output of the biomethane lie close to the cloud of critical acidification, which leads to the stoppage of the process. If the economic indicators are chosen as an optimization criterion, then we obtain optimal values of the parameters lying within the region of stable functioning of the model bioreactor.

scholarly journals Justification of economic performance of processing of grain crops in biogas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar Tkach ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Mirzoieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Investment Projects

The article presents a study on the justification of the economic feasibility of processing cereals into biogas. Аt the first stage the sown areas and productivity of separate agricultural crops in the investigated enterprises of Brovarsky district, Kyiv region were analyzed. The tendency to increase the yield of agricultural crops in the studied enterprises was revealed. This was seen as evidence that they could potentially be fully self-sufficient in raw materials for the production of gaseous biofuels. At the second stage of the study, the potential volume of the raw material base for biogas production in the studied enterprises was calculated, potential volume of biogas production and economically feasible volume of biogas production for each enterprise. It is proposed to use part of the grown grain for bioenergy production, and this part should be 10-15% of the gross harvest of grain enterprises in order to prevent the food crisis in the country. At the third stage of the study to determine the economic efficiency of biogas production from wheat and corn, investment costs were calculated, necessary for the implementation of the project to install a biogas plant in the studied enterprises. The authors calculated the investment costs required to implement the project of installing a biogas plant at the studied enterprises. The authors also analyzed the costs of each company for future projects. Finally, the economic efficiency of the proposed project for biogas production in the studied enterprises of Brovary district, Kyiv region is calculated, the economic efficiency of the project in the long run is analyzed with the use of discounted indicators of economic efficiency with a life cycle of 5 years. It was found that the implementation of projects for biogas production may be accompanied by high efficiency, all enterprises will receive profits from the implementation of investment projects for the production of biogas and biofertilizers with the subsequent sale of biogas and the use of biofertilizers for their own needs.

scholarly journals Stan i perspektywy rozwoju rynku biogazu w UE i Polsce – ujęcie ekonomiczne

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Gostomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Models ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Materials Used

The agricultural biogas market differs in different European countries. Both in Europe and in Poland, the basic form is the use of biogas to generate electricity and heat. In nine EU countries, the biogas produced is also used in local gas networks and in transport, especially communal. Biogas production can be based on agricultural raw materials (Germany) or the use and processing of all agricultural, industrial and municipal waste (Denmark, Sweden). The aim of this article is to present dynamics and structure of biogas market development, raw materials used and profitability in various legal and financial models. The presented analyzes have concluded that biogas plants could be an important part of the energy market in the future, particularly at the local level and an important part of a sustainable economy.

scholarly journals Study of regime parameters of the fermenter in the production of biogas from animal liquid waste materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Penka Zlateva ◽  
Angel Terziev ◽  
Krastin Yordanov
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The focus of the present study is a small biogas power plant for anaerobic fermentation of several types of animal waste raw materials used for biogas production. The impact of some of the characteristics of substances such as composition, temperature, humidity, and pH of the mixture in the bioreactor has been considered. The above is vital for optimizing the fermentation process, and also to improve the biogas production process. The plant is located in Northeastern Bulgaria and the raw liquid manure is supplied by several neighboring small farms. The annual quantities of raw waste are as follows: cow manure - 1252 t / a; chicken manure - 427 t / a and pig manure - 639 t / a. The manure is collected in a preliminary tank and then pumped to the bioreactor. The fermenter itself is a hermetically sealed and thermally insulated tank where constant temperature is maintained. It is equipped with a stirring system, which helps the mixing and homogenization of the substrate. The tests were performed during three charges of the installation. The fermentation takes approximately 23 up to 25 days. The experiments were performed during the summer and autumn seasons when the ambient air temperature varies from 28 to 45 °C. The biogas can be used as an energy carried as the obtained organic fertilizer is suitable for agriculture purposes.

scholarly journals Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Materials Used

The activity and efficiency of agricultural biogas plants are important issues in the field of low-emission development in rural areas and in agribusiness. The essence of the problems concerns mainly sustainable waste management in agricultural production. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the volume of agricultural biogas production in Poland and the structure of consumption of raw materials used for production of agricultural biogas. The analyses were carried out in the period of 2011–2017. The paper also presents results of empirical research on the agricultural practices as part of the subject area of the development of the agricultural biogas market in Poland. The aim of the questionnaire surveys of agricultural holdings was to obtain information on the use of the biomass from field crops and grasslands for energy purposes and the interest in the development of agricultural production towards the cultivation of energy crops. The results of the analyses were presented in the spatial arrangement of research.

The Durability Design of the Technical Specifications for Nuclear Building Concrete of ACP1000

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Dan ◽  
Liu Yulin ◽  
Zhang Weiguo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Durability Design ◽  
Materials Used

For the continuous improvement of nuclear power plants safety standards, the actual requirements of the plant’s long service life, and the diversification of the plant site conditions, the durability design of nuclear building concrete structure has attracted widespread attention gradually. ACP1000, the third generation class nuclear power plant, is developed by China independently, and it may locate in different site conditions. Taking an ACP1000 nuclear power plant under construction as an example, this paper provides the technical requirements of concrete and concrete raw materials used in nuclear building. And by comparing with AP1000, the third generation class nuclear power plant imported from the United States, the advance and reasonableness of technical requirements of concrete and concrete raw materials used in nuclear building are provided further evidence.

scholarly journals Biogas composition depending on the type of plant biomass used

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Herout ◽  
J. Malaťák ◽  
L. Kučera ◽  
T. Dlabaja
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
High Concentrations

The aim of the work is to determine and analyse concentrations of individual biogas components according to the used raw materials based on plant biomass. The measurement is focused on biogas production depending on input raw materials like maize silage, grass haylage and rye grain. The total amount of plant biomass entering the fermenter during the measurement varies at around 40% w/w, the rest is liquid beef manure. The measured values are statistically evaluated and optimised for the subsequent effective operation of the biogas plant. A biogas plant operating on the principle of wet anaerobic fermentation process is used for the measurement. The biogas production takes place during the wet fermentation process in the mesophile operation at an average temperature of 40°C. The technology of the biogas plant is based on the principle of using two fermenters. It follows from the measured results that maize silage with liquid beef manure in the ratio of 40:60 can produce biogas with a high content of methane; this performance is not stable. At this concentration of input raw material, the formation of undesirable high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide occurs as well. It is shown from the results that the process of biogas production is stabilised by the addition of other components of plant biomass like grass haylage and rye grain and a limitation of the formation of hydrogen sulphide occurs. It follows from the results that the maize silage should form about 80% w/w from the total amount of the plant biomass used.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biogas Production and Usage Potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Kalinichenko ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Vasyl Perebyynis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Abstract The aim of the research is the development of theoretical and methodical bases for determining the feasibility of plant raw materials growing for its further bioconversion into energy resources and technological materials to maximize profit from business activities. Monograph, statistics, modelling and abstract logical methods have been used during the research. Directions of biogas usage have been examined. Biogas yields from different crops have been analyzed. It has been determined that high methane yields can be provided from root crops, grain crops, and several green forage plants. So, forage beet and maize can provide more than 5,500 m3 of biogas per hectare. Attention is paid to the use of by-products of biogas plants, especially carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is an important commodity and can increase profitability of biogas plant operating. It can be used for different purposes (food industry, chemical industry, medicine, fumigation, etc). The most important parameters of the biogas upgrading technologies have been analyzed. If output of an upgrade module is more than 500 nm3/h, investment costs of different available technologies are almost equal. According to experts, it is economically feasible to use anaerobic digestion biogas systems to upgrade biomethane provided their performance is equivalent to 3,000 litres of diesel fuel per day. The economic and mathematical models have been suggested to determine the feasibility of growing plant materials to maximize the gross profit. The target function is the maximum gross income from biogas utilization. It has the following limitations: annual production of biogas, consumption of electricity, heat and motor fuels. The mathematical model takes into account both meeting own requirement and selling surplus energy resources and co-products including carbon dioxide. In case of diesel fuel substitution, an ignition dose of diesel fuels has been considered. The algorithm for making a decision on construction of a biogas plant has been offered.

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