scholarly journals Assessment of composting processes in an automated aerobic fermentation system based on key parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tamas Magyar ◽  
Rebecca Mayes ◽  
Peter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Fermentation System ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Mature Compost

The poultry (broiler) industry is continuously increasing all over the world, therefore, the amount of waste generated in these facilities is also increasing. As a consequence of the above mentioned, the more efficient conversion of chicken manure to organic fertilizer is a key problem. The aims of the study are to investigate the changes in temperature and moisture content during composting of chicken manure in the oval tank fermentation system and to create a model for the evaluation of the performance of biodegradation processes. The moisture and temperature distribution models of the oval tank were created in Hydrus software. The results showed that the oval tank fermenter can be divided into two main zones. In the first zone, where the rate of biodegradation was relatively high, a heterogeneous temperature zone was found with continuously decreasing moisture content. The second zone was more homogenous in both temperature and moisture content. This stage represents the weak fermentation part of the technology and results in an elongated post fermentation section. Furthermore, statistically significant correlations were found between composting key parameters, such as ammonium content with temperature and organic matter content with organic nitrogen content. It was also concluded that the exact location of the manure turning and chopping mechanical system (MTCM) used for aeration had a high effect on the composting processes, as well as on the quality parameters of the mature compost.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI KOTORAN SAPI DAN JERAMI PADI DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN BIOAKTIVATOR M-DEC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shobib
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Aerobic Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Time

Cow manure can be used for making organic fertilizer because it contains nutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). Rice straw has a high C-Organic content. Adding straw compost will increase soil organic matter content. The study aims to determine the fermentation process that occurs so as to produce organic fertilize, know the effect of fermentation time and the effect of the composition of raw materials for cow manure and rice straw on the process of making organic fertilizer to the content of organic fertilizer according to SNI 7603 : 2018. The method use by aerobic fermentation is by mixing cow manure and rice straw and M-Dec bioactivators by comparison 3 : 1, 2 : 2,1 : 3 and fermentation time 7, 14, 21, 28 days. The parameters tested are C-organic, Nitrogen (N), C/N ratio, Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). The best quality organic fertilizer in the treatment of cow manure : rice straw with a ratio of 2 : 2 on the 28th day fermentation process namely C-organic content 34,63 %, C/N ratio is 25, macro nutrient content N+P2O5+K2O of 3,14 % that has met SNI 7763 : 2018. Keyword: M-Dec bioactivator, aerobic fermentation, cow manure, rice straw, C/N ratio

scholarly journals Sludge Treatment for Application in Agriculture Should be the Option Number One for Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Lidiia Svirenko ◽  
Viktoriia Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Climatic Zones

Ukraine is well-known in the world as a country with soil rich for humus. Approximately 68% of arable soils in Ukraine have been classificated as chernozem. For last decades decrease of organic matter content in soils of various agri-climatic zones has been surveyed in the country. The main reason of the mentioned process is enormous lack of organic fertilizer (manure) in agriculture connected with decrease in livestock (in 3 times since year 1992). Besides there is expansion of technical crops for biofuel production (like Brassica napus, Helianthus annuus), which are the provocateurs of soils exhaustion. At the same time such important source of organic matter for application in agriculture as sewage sludge (SS) from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is not used in Ukraine nowadays. To stop arable soils degradation in regions it is necessary to develop up-to-date management for fertilizer production on WWTPs. The base for the process has to be the acceptance of the goal-oriented National programme, corresponding governmental decrees and implementation of national standard for using sewage sludge as fertilizer.

Effect of Temperature and Moisture on Aminocyclopyrachlor Soil Half-Life

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. Conklin ◽  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Crop Species

Aminocyclopyrachlor will control a variety of invasive weeds but may injure sensitive plant species if seeded into treated soil too soon after application. Aminocyclopyrachlor 50% dissipation time (DT50) ranged from 3 to > 112 d in four soils from the Northern Great Plains. The DT50was dependent on several factors including soil type, moisture content, and temperature. Across four different soil textures, aminocyclopyrachlor dissipation generally increased as soil moisture content increased, but moisture had less of an impact in sandy soils. Aminocyclopyrachlor dissipation also increased as temperature increased in the four soils. The most rapid dissipation occurred in soils with higher clay content, which also had the highest organic matter content of the soils evaluated, and an average DT50of less than 20 d. Seeding sensitive pasture, range, or crop species after aminocyclopyrachlor applications should be done with caution since the herbicide has potential for long persistence in the soil.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fresh Mushroom Compost

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Fidanza ◽  
David L. Sanford ◽  
David M. Beyer ◽  
David J. Aurentz
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Wet Weight

Fresh mushroom compost is a byproduct of the edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) industry and represents the composted growing substrate that remains after a crop has been harvested to completion. Thirty samples were obtained from commercial mushroom farms in southeastern Pennsylvania and sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine plant nutrient content, bulk density, and particle size distribution of fresh mushroom compost. Fresh mushroom compost had an average pH of 6.6, with an average carbon:nitrogen ratio of 13:1. Organic matter content averaged 25.86% (wet weight), 146.73 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 60.97% (dry weight). For the primary macronutrients, average total nitrogen content averaged 1.12% (wet weight), 6.40 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 2.65% (dry weight), phosphorus measured 0.29% (wet weight), 1.67 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 0.69% (dry weight), and potassium was 1.04% (wet weight), 5.89 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 2.44% (dry weight). Average soluble salt content was 13.30 mmho/cm (wet weight basis). However, on a per acre basis, the calculated sodium absorption ratio of 0.38 was considered very low. The average bulk density of fresh mushroom compost was 574.73 lb/yard3 (wet volume basis), and 91% of the material measured ≤3/8 inch in diameter as determined on a wet weight basis. Overall, fresh mushroom compost is suitable as a natural organic fertilizer and soil amendment for agriculture and horticulture.

scholarly journals Análisis de poblaciones de micorrizas en maíz (Zea mays) cultivado en suelos ácidos bajo diferentes tratamientos agronómicos

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Serralde O. ◽  
María Margarita Ramírez G.
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Soil Conditions

<p>Mediante el seguimiento de cultivos experimentales en suelos ácidos de los Llanos Orientales, durante un periodo de cinco años consecutivos (1997-2001), se evaluaron las poblaciones nativas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (MA) asociados con dos variedades de maíz: ICA- Sikuani V-110 y la variedad regional criolla Clavito, analizando su comportamiento bajo distintos tratamientos con abono orgánico (gallinaza), abono verde (Caupí) y testigo sin aplicación de materiales orgánicos, para un total de seis tratamientos. De 7.924 esporas analizadas se aislaron veinticuatro morfotipos identificados morfológica y molecularmente. Se determinó la relación de las condiciones del suelo (pH, los contenidos de materia orgánica, P, K, Al+++ y % saturación Al) con el comportamiento de las poblaciones de MA. Con la aplicación del Análisis de Regresión Múltiple (Stepwise), se obtuvieron coeficientes significativos (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 83) para todas las variables y se seleccionaron como variables predictivas principales el pH y la materia orgánica del suelo, que presentaron coeficientes significativos para cinco y cuatro de los siete modelos establecidos, respectivamente. La técnica molecular empleada basada en la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), con el uso de primers específicos, permitió la identificación confirmatoria de las esporas aisladas de los géneros <em>Glomus, Entrophospora </em>y <em>Gigaspora</em>. Además, mediante el uso de esta metodología se logró identificar la presencia del género <em>Glomus</em>en raíces de maíz altamente colonizadas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Mycorrhiza populations analysis in corn (<em>Zea mays</em>) cultivated in acid soils under different agronomic treatments</strong></p><p>A study was carried out to evaluate the populations of native arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) fungi on established crops on acid soils of the Colombian Eastern Plains, for a period of five years (1997-2001). Fungi spores were isolated from the crop-fungi association of two maize cultivars: ICASikuani V-110 and the regional cultivar Clavito. The mycorrhizal behavior was evaluated under six different organic fertilization treatments, which included green manure (cowpea), chicken manure and a control treatment (no application). From a total of 7924 spores, 24 different types of mycorrhiza were characterized using morphological and molecular analysis. The relation between soil conditions (pH, organic matter contents, P, K, Al+++ and % Al saturation) and AM fungi populations was analysed using a Stepwise Multiple Regression model. According to the regression coefficients obtained (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 0.83), soil pH and organic matter content were the independent variables that explained most of the variation observed in AM populations. The molecular methodology was based on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the use of specific primers allowed to identify spores from <em>Glomus</em>, <em>Entrophospora </em>and <em>Gigaspora</em>. This methodology also provided the identification of fungi from the <em>Glomus </em>genera in highly colonized maize roots.</p>

Effects of long-term application of organic fertilizer on improving organic matter content and retarding acidity in red soil from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 104382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanxi Wang ◽  
Jianling Xu ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Longwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Red Soil

scholarly journals Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and soil properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
MB Hossain ◽  
KS Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

A Greenhouse experiment was conducted to identify the suitable dose of organic fertilizer for lettuce production. Different doses of organic fertilizer (6.5, 13 and 26 t ha-1) and the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDCF) as standard were selected for this experiment. Application of 13 t ha-1 organic fertilizer significantly increased leaf size (length and breadth) of lettuce. This treatment also increased 14, 25, 21, 32, 24, 27, 36 and 168% fresh weight, dry weight, N, P, K, Ca, Mg & Na uptake over RDCF, respectively. Organic matter content was increased of 17.79, 43.82 and 89.89% in 6.5, 13 and 26 t ha-1 organic fertilizer treated plots respectively over recommended dose of chemical fertilizers. Data also indicated that organic fertilizer @ 26 t ha-1 resulted in significant increase in pH, total nitrogen (24%), organic matter (90%) and Zn (29%) compared to RDCF and decreased electrical conductivity, mineral nitrogen (NH4 +-N & NO3 --N) and cadmium and lead (Cd & Pb) in soil. Positive and significant correlation was observed on yield and yield attributes of lettuce and soil nitrogen, organic matter with pH, total nitrogen with mineral nitrogen and negative correlation was found with applied organic fertilizer with cadmium and lead. Based on these results, organic fertilizer @ 13 t ha-1 without chemical fertilizer could be recommended to increase lettuce yield as well as mitigate heavy metals in soil.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 93-102 (2017)

scholarly journals Stabilization of Marine Clay Soil Using Polyurethane

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaila Saleh ◽  
Nur Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus ◽  
Kamarudin Ahmad ◽  
Nazri Ali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
The Road

Many chemicals stabilisation techniques are being employed all over the world to improve the engineering and physical properties of the problematic soils and reduce the potential damages caused by them. Out of those chemical stabilisation technics, application of Polyurethane to improve the strength of marine clay was investigated in the laboratory. Characterization of the soil geotechnical properties was carried out by conducting laboratory test that includes natural moisture content, Atterberg limits, grains sizes analyses, specific gravity, moisture-density relationship, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), organic matter content and PH tests. Unconfined compressive strength test at optimum moisture content with varying the dose of the Polyurethane content was conducted to test the effectiveness of Polyurethane as a chemical stabiliser. The result of the preliminary tests of the sample shows that the soil has a liquid limit of 65%, plastic limit of 26% and plasticity index of 53%. The percentages of gravel, sand and fines in the marine clay sample were 0 %, 1.32 % and 98.68 % respectively %. The results of the UCS test also revealed that Polyurethane stabilisation improved the strength of marine clay by 230%. Thus, the improvement in strength of stabilised marine clay soil can significantly reduce the overall thickness of the pavement and total cost of the road construction in future.

Microenvironment of Lake Huron sand dunes

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Baldwin ◽  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Canonical Variate

Measurements were obtained of relative abundance of vegetation, edaphic properties, and microclimate characteristics of some initial stages of the Lake Huron sand-dune sequence at Pinery Provincial Park, Ont. Of the five dune habitats sampled, the oldest (transition zone) was distinguishable from the rest on the basis of greater diversity and abundance of vegetation, higher organic matter content, higher moisture-retaining capacity, enhanced concentrations of available K+ and Mg2+, depleted levels of Ca2+ in the surface soil, reduced air turbulence, and slightly higher air temperatures. The midsummer microclimate of the open dune habitat was characterized by extremely high day temperatures at the soil surface (5 cm) with large diurnal temperature fluctuations. Soil moisture content was generally low in the surface layers of the soil, but at depths greater than 10 cm, it was always plentiful (> 2.5% of soil by weight). Canonical variates analysis showed that the transition zone habitat (800 years old) was separated from younger ones (first dune ridge, slack, high beach) on the first canonical variate (V1), which accounted for about 50% of the total dispersion in the data. The discrimination of the transition zone microclimate on V1 was best characterized by difference in soil moisture content at shallow depths (5 and 10 cm) and wind velocity at 50 and 150 cm above the soil surface.

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