scholarly journals Nicotine: From plants to people

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Jana Olson ◽  
William Aryitey ◽  
Roberta Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Nicotine Consumption ◽  
Continue Smoking

Nicotine is naturally present in many crops, including but not limited to tobacco, eggplant, and tomatoes. Only in the tobacco plant is nicotine present in high enough quantities (~2% of dry weight) to have pharmacological effects. People have recognized the stimulating effects of the smoke created by burning dried tobacco leaves for thousands of years, and cigarette smoking remains the most common form of nicotine uptake from tobacco. Decades of epidemiologic data show that smoking causes a number of serious diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]). Undoubtedly, the best way to avoid the harm from smoking is to never start. For current smokers, quitting smoking altogether is the most effective way to reduce the risk of harm and smoking-related disease. Along with other aspects such as taste and ritual, nicotine is one of the reasons people smoke. Nicotine, while addictive and not risk-free, is not the primary cause of smoking-related diseases. Indeed, experts agree that smoking-related diseases are caused primarily by chronic exposure to the harmful constituents that are produced when tobacco is burning. Nevertheless, many people still mistakenly believe that nicotine is a major cause of tobacco-related diseases. While nicotine-containing products should not be used by certain groups of people - such as minors, people with or at risk of heart disease, diabetes, epilepsy, or seizure, pregnant or breast-feeding women or women who think they may be pregnant - delivery of nicotine by less harmful means can support public health goals by encouraging smokers who would otherwise continue smoking to switch to less harmful products. It is, therefore, pivotal to address the biggest misconceptions about nicotine to empower smokers to make informed decisions. In this article, we discuss basic facts about nicotine, its effects on the human body, as well as the risks related to nicotine consumption.

scholarly journals Use of heated tobacco products by people with chronic diseases: The 2019 JASTIS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260154
Author(s):  
Chikako Nakama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Internet Study

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have become popular recently. People with chronic disease, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, should quit smoking for treatment and recurrence of tobacco-related diseases. However, they have difficulty in quitting smoking, and they may start HTPs use to quit smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of HTPs in people with chronic disease. We used data from an internet study, the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS). We analyzed 9,008 respondents aged 15–73 years in 2019 using logistic regression. Current use of tobacco products was defined as use within the previous 30 days. Prevalence of current HTP use including dual use and dual use with cigarettes was 9.0% and 6.1% respectively in total. By disease: hypertension 10.2% and 7.4%, diabetes 15.9% and 12.3%, CVD 19.2% and 15.7%, COPD 40.5% and 33.3%, and cancer 17.5% and 11.9%. Diabetes, CVD, COPD, and cancer were positively associated with current use of HTPs (odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.48 (1.06, 2.07), 2.29 (1.38, 3.80), 3.97(1.73, 9.11), and 3.58(1.99, 6.44), respectively) and dual use of cigarettes and HTPs (ORs and 95% CIs: 2.23 (1.61, 3.09), 3.58 (2.29, 5.60), 7.46 (3.76, 14.80), and 2.57 (1.46, 4.55), respectively) after adjusting for confounders. People with chronic disease were more likely to use HTPs and HTPs together with cigarettes. Further research on the smoking situation of HTPs in patients with chronic diseases is necessary.

scholarly journals Statement on smoking cessation in COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
Stefan Andreas ◽  
Keir E. Lewis ◽  
Philip Tonnesen ◽  
C.P. van Schayck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Not Given ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Continue Smoking

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis are common pulmonary diseases that are caused or worsened by tobacco smoking. Growing observational evidence suggests that symptoms and prognosis of these conditions improve upon smoking cessation. Despite increasing numbers of (small) randomised controlled trials suggesting intensive smoking cessation treatments work in people with pulmonary diseases many patients are not given specific advice on the benefits or referred for intensive cessation treatments and, therefore, continue smoking.This is a qualitative review regarding smoking cessation in patients with COPD and other pulmonary disorders, written by a group of European Respiratory Society experts. We describe the epidemiological links between smoking and pulmonary disorders, the evidence for benefits of stopping smoking, how best to assess tobacco dependence and what interventions currently work best to help pulmonary patients quit. Finally, we describe characteristics and management of any “hardcore” smoker who finds it difficult to quit with standard approaches.

scholarly journals Imunopatogenesis Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Resti Yudhawati ◽  
Yuyus Dwi Prasetiyo
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Monocyte Chemotaxis

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inflammatory airway disease and complicated lung tissue. The airways of patients with COPD contain many inflammatory cells including neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 T lymphocytes, CD4 T lymphocytes and dendritic cells, each of which has its own role and interacts with COPD immunopathogenesis. The inflammatory response in people with COPD involves innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes), but there is also activation of structual cells such as alveolar epithelial cells endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Inflammation of the respiratory tract in COPD will persist even after quitting smoking, this can be caused by damage to the extracellular matrix will release proinflammatory cytokines which are neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis, impaired alveolar macrophages which result in impaired cleaning of apoptotic cells and pathogenic microbes and oxidative stress will cause DNA double chain damage.

Long-Term Treatment with Inhaled Budesonide in Persons with Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Continue Smoking

1999 ◽  
Vol 340 (25) ◽  
pp. 1948-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain A. Pauwels ◽  
Claes-Göran Löfdahl ◽  
Lauri A. Laitinen ◽  
Jan P. Schouten ◽  
Dirkje S. Postma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Inhaled Budesonide ◽  
Continue Smoking

Does a Recent Cancer Diagnosis Predict Smoking Cessation? An Analysis From a Large Prospective US Cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (15) ◽  
pp. 1647-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lee Westmaas ◽  
Christina C. Newton ◽  
Victoria L. Stevens ◽  
W. Dana Flanders ◽  
Susan M. Gapstur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Teachable Moment ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Important Health

Purpose Quitting smoking provides important health benefits to patients with cancer. A cancer diagnosis may motivate quitting—potentially providing a teachable moment in which oncologists can encourage and assist patients to quit—but little is known about whether a recent cancer diagnosis (including diagnosis of a cancer that is less strongly linked to smoking) is associated with increased quitting. Methods Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort participants reported smoking status at enrollment in 1992 to 1993 and approximately biennially through 2009. Quit rates of smokers diagnosed with cancer during 2- and 4-year intervals were compared with those of smokers not diagnosed with cancer (12,182 and 12,538 smokers in 2- and 4-year analyses, respectively). Cancers likely to cause physical limitations or symptoms that could influence smoking (cancers of the lung, head and neck, esophagus, or any metastatic cancer) were excluded. Logistic regressions calculated quit rates controlling for age, sex, survey year, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results The 2-year quit rate was higher among the 772 smokers who were diagnosed with cancer (31.3%; 95% CI, 28.0% to 34.5%) than among smokers not diagnosed with cancer (19.5%; 95% CI, 19.0% to 19.9%). A similar difference was observed for 4-year quit rates (43.0% v 33.8%). Results were similar by cancer site and stage. Conclusion A diagnosis of cancer, even a cancer not strongly related to smoking and with a relatively good prognosis, may be associated with increased quitting that is sustained well after diagnosis. Results support the hypothesis that a cancer diagnosis presents a teachable moment that can be capitalized on to promote cessation.

scholarly journals Study of Cigarette Smoking on Haematological Parameters and Lipid Profile in Vidharbha Region, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Gangaram Bhadarge ◽  
Ranjit Ambad ◽  
Nandkishor Bankar ◽  
Raunak Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Introduction: Cigarette smoke increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke are also examples of ischaemic heart disease. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 substances that have a negative or minimal effect on human health, including free radicals, nicotine, and the most important carbon monoxide in the pharmacy. Tobacco smoke kills 6 million people a year, many from lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). When opposed to never-smokers, smokers lose 10–15 years of life on average, and they begin to develop tobacco-related disorders such as coronary disease. Aim: Study of Cigarette Smoking on Haematological parameters and Lipid Profile in Vidharbha Region Material and Method: 25 subjects were smokers and 25 subjects were non-smokers. Patients went directly to the Observed Treatment Short-course focus in the Dept. of Medicine and Dept. of Respiratory, Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Center. Result: Patients who were non-smokers and smokers were compared. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL are statistically higher in smokers than non-smokers, but the same is true for HDL-cholesterol. Smokers had slightly lower HDL cholesterol than non-smokers. Conclusion: The smokers in this sample had dyslipidaemia as well as a large rise in haemoglobin and haematocrit. The RBC count rises as the rate of smoking rises, as it does in heavy smokers, and the altered lipid profile worsens. This dyslipidaemia in smokers can expose the vascular endothelium to potentially atherogenic lipoproteins, placing smokers at higher risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques and heart disease. As a result, quitting smoking early can alter these processes, which may prevent any major health risks.

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