scholarly journals Pediatric tape

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
Kornelija Jakšić-Horvat ◽  
Snežana Holcer-Vukelić
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Volume Replacement ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Precise Calculation ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Per Se

Introduction Care and management of a life threatened child is a stressful event per se, further aggravated by the need for precise calculation of medication doses, the amount of fluids for volume replacement and choosing the rightsized equipment based on child's weight and age, which is often an information unavailable at the scene of the emergency event. Objective Our objective was to make a pediatric tape modeled by Broselow tape, but modified for medications and overall conditions present in our region. The original Broselow tape is not available in our country. Method and materials For tailoring this pediatric tape we used the original Broselow tape. The connection between length/height of a child and its body weight was used in the same way, and then doses of medications and sizes of medical equipment were calculated for the appropriate age/body weight. Discussion Our pediatric tape has two measuring parts: measuring tape with colored zones and cards that follow the appropriate color. Tape is divided into nine zones with calculated doses of medications, the amounts of fluids for volume replacement and sizes of equipment for each zone. Conclusion Hoping that this pediatric tape will find its place and use in our region, we hereby open a discussion of our professional community regarding this accessory and its future potential.

The partition of nutrients in ewes maintained in a moderate compared with a lean body condition in late pregnancy

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. McNeill ◽  
R. W. Kelly ◽  
I. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Free Body

The effect of ewe fatness on fetal weight at term was tested without the confounding effects of placental weight and feed intake. We hypothesised that fetal weights should be similar in fat or lean ewes with placentas of a similar size, and tested the hypothesis by manipulating nutrition so that, at mating, Merino ewes carrying a single fetus were in a medium (score 2·9, liveweight 46·6 kg) or lean (score 2·0, liveweight 40·6 kg) condition. They were maintained at this fatness difference until slaughter at Day 146 of pregnancy when fetal, placental, and maternal tissues were weighed and analysed for composition. Subgroups (n = 8 per fatness group) slaughtered at Day 110, a stage when most placental hypertrophy is complete but the majority of fetal hypertrophy is yet to occur, confirmed that the treatments differed in ewe fatness (3·82 v. 9·19 kg empty-body fat, s.e.m. = 0·960; P < 0·001) but not placental weight (487 v. 538 g, s.e.m. = 41·5, P > 0·05). By Day 146, fatness differences (4·77 v. 9·56 kg empty-body fat, s.e.m. = 0·960, P < 0·001) and placental similarities (434 v. 502 g, s.e.m. = 38·3, P > 0·05) were maintained, and both groups produced fetuses of similar size (4408 v. 4382 g, s.e.m. = 204·6, P > 0·05). However, the fetuses in the lean ewes had 20% less fat/kg fat-free body weight (24 v. 30 g/kg, s.e.m. = 1·3, P < 0·01). Fetal weight was correlated with placental weight (r = 0·70; P < 0·01) but not with ewe fatness. Fetal fatness, however, was correlated with ewe fatness (r = 0·69; P < 0·01). Ewe fatness per se did not influence fetal size but did influence the deposition of fat in the fetus, possibly via a greater ability of fatter ewes to partition more glucose toward their fetus.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure related to the act of eating in Granadina goats given diets of different physical form

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lachia ◽  
J. F. Aguilera ◽  
Late C. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Respiration Chamber ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Fresh Cut

The energy cost of eating was measured in four goats averaging 38 kg and fitted with rumen cannulas. Heat production (HP) was estimated in each goat over restricted periods of approximately 15 min while standing and eating continuously in a confinement respiration chamber. The animals were given feeds of different nature and physical form ranging from shrubs to concentrates. The energy cost of eating was calculated from the increment in HP above the average HP during the prefeeding period. The energy cost was related to the type and amount of feed consumed and also to the time spent eating. In a parallel experiment, similar amounts of the feeds eaten normally (oral feeding) were introduced into the rumen through a fistula. The increases in HP during and after fistula-feeding were negligible, which indicates that all of the increase in HP during eating is to be attributed to the energy cost of eating per se, mainly to theact of food prehension, mastication and propulsion in the alimentary tract. The rate of ingestion (g DM/min) ranged from 6·3 for fresh cut lucerne (Medicago sativa) to 46-99 for concentrates. The energy cost of eating (J/kg body weight (BW) per g DM) averaged 7·08 for fresh cut lucerne, 9·02 for roughages and 1·55 for concentrates and was 2·24 and 4·75 for pelleted and chopped lucerne hay respectively. When theenergy cost was expressed as a function of time spent eating, it ranged from 45 to 144 J/kg BW per min, depending on the physical form of the feed.

Osmoregulation of systemic vasopressin release during long-term glucocorticoid excess: A study in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim J. Biewenga ◽  
Ad Rijnberk ◽  
Jan A. Mol
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumours ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumour

Abstract. In 9 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and in 6 dogs with hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumours, the osmoregulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) release was investigated by iv infusion of 20% NaCl for 2 h at a rate of 0.03 ml per kg body weight. The responses were analysed in terms of sensitivity and threshold of the osmoregulation of AVP secretion. The sensitivity was normal in 6 dogs and lowered in 9. In 4 of the latter dogs there was complete absence of a response to hypertonicity. The osmotic threshold of AVP release was raised in 9 dogs and normal in 2 dogs, whereas in the four dogs without any response the term threshold was not applicable. The results were not different for dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and dogs with hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumour. It is concluded that corticosteroid excess per se induces a marked impairment of the osmoregulation of AVP secretion. The loss of reactivity of the osmoreceptor system may contribute to the corticosteroid-induced polyuria, which is also the result of resistance to AVP in the kidney.

PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS FED DIETS CONTAINING SOYBEAN GUMS, RAPESEED GUMS OR RAPESEED MEALS WITH AND WITHOUT GUMS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
F. G. PROUDFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
General Performance ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Sensitive Genotype

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of soybean and/or rapeseed gums (SBG and/or RSG) on general performance and mortality of laying hens. In exp. 1 a total of 1824 SCWL hens of two commercial genotypes (912 of each) were fed a corn-soy-based control diet or this diet to which was added 2.0% be weight of either SBG or RSG. In exp. 2, 1824 hens of the more sensitive genotype used in exp. 1 were fed a control diet or diets containing approximately 15% of gummed and gumless Tower and Candle rapeseed mean (RSM) or gumless Tower RSM to which was added 3.33% Candle gums. The addition of SBG and RS3 to the diet (exp. 1) caused a significant increase in mortality, increased the amount of feed required to produce a kilogram of eggs, and decreased heart and liver weights. Feeding RSM with and without the commercial level (2.0% of the RSM, or in this study 0.3% of the diet) of added gums had no effect on body weight or egg weight. Hen-housed egg production and feed per dozen eggs were significantly depressed by feeding Candle RSM with gums and by feeding gumless Tower RSM to which had been added Candle gums, indicating that Candle gums but not Tower gums are deleterious to laying hens even at the commercial level of addition to RSM. Accumulated mortality to 497d was significantly higher for all groups fed RSM with or without gums compared to the control-fed group. The increase in mortality with this sensitive genotype appeared to be related to the mere presence of RSM in the diet and not due to the presence of gums per se. The major cause of mortality in both experiments was diagnosed as fatty liver syndrome, and from results of exp. 2 appeared to be related to the presence of RSM in the diet and not due to the presence of gums.

Endothelial dysfunction by acute hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia: restoration by folic acid

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiaki USUI ◽  
Hidehiro MATSUOKA ◽  
Hiroshi MIYAZAKI ◽  
Seiji UEDA ◽  
Seiya OKUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Per Se ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography

Recent evidence demonstrates that hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia is a novel risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In patients with chronic hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia, endothelial function is impaired. However, whether hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia per se is a cause or an epiphenomenon of endothelial dysfunction remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of methionine-induced acute hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia on human endothelial function. In healthy volunteers we administered methionine (0.1 ;g/kg body weight, per os), a substrate of homocyst(e)ine, with or without folic acid (20 ;mg, per os) and examined flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery by high-resolution ultrasonography as a non-invasive measure of endothelial function. We also measured plasma levels of homocyst(e)ine before and 3, 8 and 24 ;h after methionine loading. Methionine administration increased plasma levels of homocyst(e)ine by four times the basal level at 8 ;h (P< 0.0001, ANOVA). The plasma levels returned to baseline at 24 ;h. Flow-mediated vasodilatation was significantly decreased to half of the baseline value at 8 ;h and returned to baseline at 24 ;h (P< 0.0001, ANOVA), whereas endothelium-independent vasodilatation by glyceryl trinitrate was not affected by the methionine loading. Co-administration of folic acid did not attenuate methionine-induced hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia but completely prevented endothelial dysfunction. Our results suggest that in humans a methionine-rich diet may acutely impair endothelial function, which can be prevented by folic acid supplementation.

Hypothalamic regulatory peptides in obese and lean Zucker rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Williams ◽  
Helena M. Cardoso ◽  
Ying C. Lee ◽  
Joanna M. Ball ◽  
Mohammad A. Ghatei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Zucker Rat ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Neuromedin B ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Obesity Syndrome

1. Hypothalamic concentrations of nine peptides with experimental effects on energy balance were compared in obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/?) male Zucker rats. To determine whether any peptide differences between obese and lean rats might be due to the overweight condition per se, separate groups of obese rats were food-restricted to reduce their body weight to lean values. 2. Concentrations of neuromedin B, a bombesin-like peptide, in the central hypothalamus were significantly higher in obese than in lean rats. This difference was not affected in food-restricted obese rats. 3. Hypothalamic levels of neuropeptide Y, an extremely potent central appetite stimulant, were similar in lean and freely fed obese rats but central hypothalamic levels of neuropeptide Y rose significantly in food-restricted obese rats. 4. These findings suggest that disturbances in hypothalamic neuromedin B concentrations may be involved in the obesity syndrome of the fa/fa Zucker rat. Increased central hypothalamic levels of neuropeptide Y in food-restricted rats suggest that this peptide may help to defend body weight by stimulating eating after weight loss.

The relevance of interoception for eating behavior and eating disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate M. Herbert ◽  
Olga Pollatos
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Per Se

The importance of interoception for adaptive and maladaptive behavior, as well as for psychopathology, has gained growing interest, and dysfunctional interoception has been recognized as representing a core impairment across psychosomatic and psychiatric disorders. Eating is intrinsically guided by interoceptive signals and is directly associated with homeostatic psychophysiological needs, well-being, and survival. This chapter provides conceptually and empirically drawn conclusions focusing on the relevance of distinguishable dimensions of interoception for shaping eating behavior and body weight, and for eating disorders. Going beyond eating behavior per se, anorexia and bulimia nervosa are conceptualized as characterized by profound impairment of the self, with dysfunctional interoception at its core. Predictive coding models are addressed to integrate conclusions and empirical findings tentatively.

METABOLIC RATE AND ITS TEMPERATURE-ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE IN SIX GEOGRAPHIC RACES OF PEROMYSCUS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Se

The metabolic rate characteristics of six races of Peromyscus, selected from a wide range of habitats, have been determined over the temperature range 0° to 35 °C. After acclimation to standardized laboratory conditions, critical temperatures and metabolic responses to temperatures below thermoneutrality were largely a function of body size: the larger the mouse, the greater its thermoregulatory efficiency. Body size per se is not correlated with the gross climate of the respective habitats. A single equation which predicts the metabolic rate of these races at any temperature between 0° and 27 °C, from a knowledge of body weight and body temperature, is derived.When considered as a single group, the basal oxygen consumption of all races varied with body weight0,60 over the body weight range of 14.7 to 36.0 g and was insignificantly different from the accepted interspecies approximation. The basal metabolic rates of each race showed no temperature-adaptive differences, especially when considered in relation to body composition. It is concluded that basal metabolic rate is nonadaptive to climate in these races of Peromyscus and consequently has played no important part in their distribution and speciation.

scholarly journals Deviation of Body Weight Estimation using Lambourne Formula Against Aceh Bull’s Actual Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasan ◽  
Utari D.M. Lubis ◽  
Nellita Meutia ◽  
Muhammad Hambal ◽  
Fadli A. Gani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Actual Body Weight ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Chest Cavity ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
Measuring Stick

This study aims to determine the percentage of body weight deviation of Aceh bull using the Lambourne formula and compared to the actual weight of Aceh bull. The sample used in this study was 50 Aceh bull aged 2-2.5 years in BPTU-HPT Indrapuri Aceh. The parameters observed were Body Length (BL), Chest Circumference (CC), and Body Weight (BW). BL measurement procedure was conducted by measuring the distance between the lateral humeral tuberculum to the ischiadium tuberculum using a measuring stick. CC was measured by encircling the chest cavity which is behind the shoulder bone joint (os scapula) using measuring tape. BW measurement procedure was carried out in two ways, first with digital livestock scales and second with Lambourne formula. The percentage of body weight deviation of Aceh bull using Lambourne formula to the actual’s Aceh bull body weight was 3.41% with regression equation was Y = -350.30 + 2.27x1 + 2.06x2.

scholarly journals Liver and serum soluble protein changes and pathomorphology in undernourished mice with acute Schistosomiasis mansoni

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eridan M. Coutinho ◽  
Frederico G. C. Abath ◽  
Lucila P. C. G. de Freitas ◽  
Aureni C. Salzano ◽  
Maria A. Lapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Hepatic Proteins

Body, liver and spleen weights; histopathology of the liver, spleen and intestines; hepatic and serum soluble proteins changes were the parameters studied in undernourished Swiss albino mice experimentally infected with S. mansoni. Non-infected deficient animab had lower liver/body weight and spleen/body weight ratios as compared to the controls (22.60% casein group). Infected mice showed higher values regardless the type of diet. Undernourished infected subgroup showed a persistent exudative periovular reaction in the liver. Soluble hepatic proteins content and serum protein fractions appeared to be lower in the deficient infected mice. A significant difference was detected in the gammaglobulin fraction between infected and non-infected animals fed the control diet with higher values for the former. Our data suggest that the effects of malnutrition, per se, are sometimes more detrimental to the host than those due to Manson 's schistosomiasis.

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