scholarly journals Analysis of anatomy and configuration of the canal system of the maxillary second premolar in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Brankica Davidović ◽  
Ljiljana Bjelović ◽  
Igor Radović ◽  
Bojana Davidović ◽  
Svjetlana Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction. Successful endodontic treatment depends upon the clinician's knowledge and ability to recognize and diagnose the presence of anatomical and morphological variations of the root and canal system. The aim of this study was to establish the number of roots and root canal configurations of the maxillary second premolar in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The study sample was comprised of 150 maxillary second premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic or prosthetic reasons. Endodontic drills were used for trepanation of cavum dentis, and the number and patency of each root canal were determined by Kexpander # 15. Then, the samples were decalcified, made transparent and colored, to enable 3D viewing of the canal system. Decalcified teeth were observed from two projections (clinical and approximal) and analyzed in detail with a magnifying glass under 3 × and 5 × magnification in order to determine the number of roots, number of canals, root canal configuration using Vertucci's classification and number of anastomoses between canals. Statistical significance was obtained using Chi-square test. Results. The results obtained by decalcification of the teeth showed that, by radiographic analysis from the clinical projection, all the teeth had a single root. While, by the analysis from the approximal projection, 94.0% had one, 6.0% two roots. From the approximal projection, 70.7% with a single root canal and 29.3% with two root canals are visualized. The most common type of root canal configuration in the maxillary second premolars was Type I in both clinical (87.9%) and approximal projection (40.7%). Conclusion. These results emphasize the importance of knowing the variations in root canal morphology, because excluding the possibility of morphological variations can lead to failure of endodontic therapy

scholarly journals Variations in root canal morphology of the permanent mandibular first molar in Indian population- A CBCT study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Vasavi Santosh ◽  
Rhea Reji John ◽  
Mandavi Waghmare ◽  
Reema Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Canal Morphology

The purpose of this study was to determine the variations in the number of canals and its morphology in permanent mandibular first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a subset of Indian population. A total of 350 CBCT scans were collected and evaluated in all three orthogonal planes to determine the number of root canals and study their anatomic variations using Vertucci’s classification.: The total number of roots and root canals, the root canal configuration, the incidence, and the correlations between left- and right-side occurrences and between males and females were analysed. Statistically significant differences were evaluated using the chi-square test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL), with significance set at p < 0.05.: The results of this study showed that predominantly, two thirds of the subjects had type VI mesial canal configuration and two-thirds had type I distal canal configuration. Also there was significant variance in the canal anatomy across gender and age of the subjects.: CBCT is a clinically useful tool in understanding the variations in root canal morphology, which guides in the assessment of the canal morphology aiding in successful root canal treatment.

scholarly journals Microbial distribution in the root canal system after periapical lesion induction using different methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽  
Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽  
Mário Tanomaru-Filho ◽  
Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Izabel Yoko Ito
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Periapical Lesion ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Microbial Distribution ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Root Canal System

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial distribution in the root canal system after periapical lesion induction in dogs' teeth using different methods. Fifty-two root canals were assigned to 4 groups (n=13). Groups I and II: root canals were exposed to the oral cavity for 180 days; groups III and IV: root canals were exposed for 7 days and then the coronal openings were sealed for 53 days. The root apices of groups I and III were perforated, while those of groups II and IV remained intact. After the experimental periods, the animals were euthanized and the anatomic pieces containing the roots were processed and stained with the Brown & Brenn method to assess the presence and distribution of microorganisms. The incidence of microorganisms at different sites of the roots and periapical lesions was analyzed statistically by the chi-square test at 5% significance level. All groups presented microorganisms in the entire root canal system. A larger number of microorganisms was observed on the root canal walls, apical delta and dentinal tubules (p<0.05), followed by cementum and cemental resorption areas. In spite of the different periods of exposure to the oral environment, the methods used for induction of periapical periodontitis yielded similar distribution of microorganisms in the root canal system.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study of Roots and Root Canal Morphology in Mandibular Premolars using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Delhi-NCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneh Mishra ◽  
Sonali Taneja ◽  
Vidhi Kiran Bhalla ◽  
Akshay Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root

Introduction: The anatomical heterogeneity of mandibular premolars has always been considered an enigma and it makes them potentially prone to high rates of endodontic failure. Only few studies have discussed the potential role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of root morphology, canal configuration and their complex variations. Aim: To investigate the number of roots and root canals along with the canal configuration in mandibular premolars in the Delhi- National Capital Region (NCR) population using CBCT imaging. Materials and Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted where 432 CBCT images of 108 patients were acquired from different CBCT centres in Delhi-NCR region to determine the anatomy and morphology of mandibular premolars. The number of roots, root canals and their configuration and its association with symmetry and gender was evaluated. Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mandibular first and second premolars reported with single root in 94.9% and 98.1% cases, respectively. Majority of 1st premolars displayed 2 canals (59.7%) whereas 2nd premolars exhibited single canal (58.3%) more frequently. Type I configuration was most prevalent in both 1st premolar (39.8%) and 2nd premolars (60.2%). Type V configuration was significantly reported on the left in both mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars (13.9% and 4.6%), respectively. There was no significant gender predilection observed for the morphology of roots, root canal and canal configuration. Conclusion: In Delhi-NCR, there was a high prevalence of multiple canals and variable configurations in 1st premolars whereas single root canal and Type I canal configuration were more frequent in 2nd premolars with a significant bilateral distribution. However, in both mandibular premolars there was a slight inclination reported for multiple canals and variable configurations towards left with no gender predilection.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines in Saudi Subpopulation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amal A. Almohaimede ◽  
Alanoud A. Alqahtani ◽  
Norah M. Alhatlani ◽  
Nouf S. Alsaloom ◽  
Shafia A. Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Root Canal Anatomy ◽  
Chi Square Test

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the root canal anatomy of permanent canines in a Saudi subpopulation utilizing CBCT. A total of 1328 CBCT images of maxillary (634) and mandibular (694) permanent canines were collected from Saudi patients who visited the College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh. The images were analyzed for root and canal numbers, canal configuration types, and symmetry between the bilateral canine teeth in each arch. Gender, age, and tooth position were recorded. The Kappa test was used for both inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test at a P   value ≤ 0.05 . There were no two-rooted teeth in maxillary canines, and 1.89% had two canals. Double roots and double canals in mandibular canines were found in 2.88% and 9.94% of the teeth, respectively. Type I canal configuration was more common in maxillary canines (97.94%) compared to mandibular canines (92.07%). Maxillary canines showed higher bilateral symmetries of root and canal numbers and canal configuration types (100%, 98.1%, and 97.9%, resp.) compared to mandibular canines (97.1%, 90.1%, and 92.1%, respectively). The majority of maxillary and mandibular canines had a single root with a single canal and type I canal configuration. Mandibular canines are characterized by having more than one root and canal and alterations in root canal configurations compared to maxillary canines.

scholarly journals Micro-tomographic characterization of the root and canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Chilean population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho ◽  
Luis González-Osuna ◽  
Daniela Poblete ◽  
Emilio A. Cafferata ◽  
Paola Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Multiple Root ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Chilean Population

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the root anatomy and root canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Chilean population. 186 teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography and reconstructed three-dimensionally. The root canal system morphology was classified using both Vertucci’s and Ahmed’s criteria. The radicular grooves were categorized using the ASUDAS system, and the presence of Tomes’ anomalous root was associated with Ahmed’s score. A single root canal was identified in 65.05% of teeth, being configuration type I according to Vertucci’s criteria and code 1MP1 according to Ahmed’s criteria. Radicular grooves were observed in 39.25% of teeth. The ASUDAS scores for radicular grooves were 60.75%, 13.98%, 12.36%, 10.22%, 2.15%, and 0.54%, from grade 0 to grade 5, respectively. The presence of Tomes’ anomalous root was identified only in teeth with multiple root canals, and it was more frequently associated with code 1MP1–2 of Ahmed’s criteria. The root canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars showed a wide range of anatomical variations in the Chilean population. Teeth with multiple root canals had a higher incidence of radicular grooves, which were closely related to more complex internal anatomy. Only teeth with multiple root canals presented Tomes’ anomalous root.

scholarly journals Study of Internal Morphology of Root-Canal Treated Single-Rooted Mandibular Second Molars in a Greek Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Maria-Elpida Kalaitzoglou ◽  
Charalampos Beltes ◽  
Eleni Kantilieraki ◽  
Panagiotis Beltes
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Type I ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Clinical Records

SummaryBackground/Aim: To determine the prevalence of single-rooted mandibular second molars in a Greek population and examine their internal morphology with the aid of intraoral periapical radiography.Material and Methods: Clinical records of 531 root-canal treated permanent single-rooted mandibular second molars were collected from the Postgraduate Clinic of the Department of Endodontology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece and from private dental clinics in the same city. The clinical records, along with the radiographic examination, were evaluated to determine the overall frequency of single-rooted mandibular second molars together with the number of root canals and their course. The root canals were categorized using Vertucci’s classification with the addition of 3 further types where appropriate.Results: Out of 531 mandibular second molars; 102 (19.2%) presented a single root; 427 (80.4%) presented two roots; 2 (0.4%) presented three roots. In a total of 102 single-rooted mandibular second molars 31 (30.3%) presented with Type I, 18 (17.6%) with Type II, 14 (13.7%) with Type IV, 7 (7%) with 3 additional root canal types and 32 (31.4%) with a C-shaped root canal system.Conclusions: One out five mandibular second molars was single-rooted in a Greek population. The internal morphology of these teeth can be very complex with regard to the numbers and courses of root canals.

scholarly journals Endodontic Retreatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Four Roots and Four Canals: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Nanjannawar ◽  
Saquib Mulla ◽  
Divya Gupta ◽  
Sharad Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment

It is a well-recognised fact that incomplete cleaning, shaping and obturation of root canals will lead to endodontic failure. Mandibular second premolars usually have a single root and a single root canal. The presence of four separate roots and four root canals is quite rare. Hence, a comprehensive knowledge about the normal canal configuration along with its variations becomes an indispensable pre-requisite to achieve the success of endodontic treatment. Authors hereby present a case of a 26-year-old male patient and describe its succesful treatment of the mandibular second premolar with four roots and four root canals. The clinical implications of this paper aim at establishing an accurate diagnosis of the root canal system using diagnostic aids such as angulated radiographs and making use of advanced endodontic instruments for successful retreatment of endodontic therapy (C+ files and NiTi rotary endodontic instruments).

Maxillary Lateral Incisor with 3 Root Canals: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Mario Buonvivere ◽  
Matteo Buonvivere
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Lateral Incisor ◽  
Complex Root ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Maxillary Lateral Incisor ◽  
Root Canal System

The proper knowledge of the root canal system anatomy is crucial to perform successful endodontic treatments. Maxillary lateral incisors usually have a single root. However, aberrant canal configurations of this tooth have been reported in the literature. The clinician should be aware of the difficulties arising from this more complex root canal anatomy and should be able to manage them. A rare case of a maxillary lateral incisor with three root canals is presented in this article; the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in similar situations is also discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Diode Laser, Gaseous Ozone, and Medical Dressings onEnterococcus faecalisBiofilms in the Root Canal Ex Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Bitter ◽  
Alexander Vlassakidis ◽  
Mediha Niepel ◽  
Daniela Hoedke ◽  
Julia Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Gaseous Ozone ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Chi Square Test

The objective was to compare the antibacterial effects of adjunctive disinfection using diode laser and gaseous ozone compared to the medical dressings calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and chlorhexidine gel (CHX-Gel) onEnterococcus faecalisbiofilms in human root canals ex vivo. Root canals of 180 human extracted teeth were infected byE. faecalisand divided into 3 main groups (G): G1, control; G2, instrumentation and irrigation using 0.9% NaCl; G3, instrumentation and irrigation using 1% NaOCl. In each main group, the following treatments were applied: gaseous ozone, diode laser, and medical dressings of Ca(OH)2or CHX-Gel for 7 days (n=15). Reduction of colony forming units (CFUs) inside the root canal of planktons and frequencies of adherent bacteria after treatment were calculated. Bacterial reduction was significantly affected by the irrigation protocol (p<0.0005) and the disinfection method (p<0.0005), and a significant interaction between both factors could be observed (p<0.0005; ANOVA). In G3 (instrumentation using 1% NaOCl), no significant effect of disinfection methods could be demonstrated on planktonic bacteria (p=0.062; ANOVA) and frequencies of adherent bacteria (p>0.05; chi-square test). Instrumentation and irrigation using NaOCl combined with ozone or laser application resulted in comparable bacterial reduction onE. faecalisto the application of medical dressings.

scholarly journals Association of type of file fracture and method of removal in a university setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1761-1765
Author(s):  
Preethi Mariona ◽  
Delphine Priscilla Antony S ◽  
Sreedevi Dharman
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Fracture Incidence ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
University Setting

Some mishaps tend to occur during treatment in the root canal system, for example, file fractures. The challenge of the removal depends on the type of file fractured and the method which is used to remove it, generally it is decided based on the level of the fracture. Any file can fracture inside the root canal which is based on the curvature, anatomy. Specific techniques and measures have been employed to remove this file from the root canal system. The aim of the study is to find the association of file fracture with the method of removal. The details of all patients who underwent a root canal treatment where noted and the details of 16 patients with file fractures during the procedure were shortlisted. The type of file fractures was analyzed, such as K files, rotary files, H files, other instruments. The method of removal was usually ultrasonic, mechanical, manual or combination of any of the above. Excel tabulation was done and imported to SPSS for results. Chi-square test performed. The most common and used file to fracture in the root canal system was rotary files which had a fracture incidence of 31% and most common method used to retrieve was using ultrasonic of an incidence of 37.5. Chi-square test shows p>0.05, which is statistically not significant. The study concludes that rotary files fracture the most and the method used to retrieve them was mechanical, but as a whole, the most common method used was ultrasonic.

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