scholarly journals Japanese abbreviations of the East Korean Warm Current and the North Korean Cold Current Regarded as Racist Terms against the Koreans.

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Hideo Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Warm Current ◽  
The North ◽  
East Korean Warm Current

scholarly journals Synoptic fluctuation of the Taiwan Warm Current in winter on the East China Sea shelf

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiliang Xuan ◽  
Daji Huang ◽  
Thomas Pohlmann ◽  
Jian Su ◽  
Bernhard Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Model ◽  
Coastal Current ◽  
Gradient Term ◽  
Taiwan Warm Current ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Warm Current ◽  
Geostrophic Balance ◽  
The North ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

Abstract. The seasonal mean and synoptic fluctuation of the wintertime Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) were investigated using a well validated finite volume community ocean model. The spatial distribution and dynamics of the synoptic fluctuation were highlighted. The seasonal mean of the wintertime TWC has two branches: an inshore branch between the 30 and 100 m isobaths and an offshore branch between the 100 and 200 m isobaths. The Coriolis term is much larger than the inertia term and is almost balanced by the pressure gradient term in both branches, indicating the geostrophic balance of the mean current. Two areas with significant fluctuations of the TWC were identified during wintertime. One of the areas is located to the north of Taiwan with velocities varying in the cross-shore direction. These significant cross-shore fluctuations are driven by barotropic pressure gradients associated with the intrusion of the Taiwan Strait Current (TSC). When a larger TSC intrudes north of Taiwan, the isobaric slope tilts downward from south to north, leading to a cross-shore current from the coastal area to the offshore area. When the TSC intrusion is weak, the cross-shore current to the north of Taiwan is directed from offshore to inshore. The other area of significant fluctuation is located in the inshore area, extending in the region between the 30 and 100 m isobaths. The fluctuations are generally strong in the alongshore direction, in particular at the latitudes 26.5° N and 28° N where they are important for the local cross-shore transports. Wind affects the synoptic fluctuation through episodic events. When the northeasterly monsoon prevails, the southward Zhe-Min Coastal Current dominates the inshore area associated with a deepening of the mixed layer. When the winter monsoon is weakened or the southerly wind prevails, the northward TWC dominates in the inshore area.

The observed variations of the north intrusion of the bottom Taiwan Warm Current Inshore Branch and its response to wind

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 100690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Wang ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Qiang Ren ◽  
Guangcheng Si ◽  
Chuanjie Wei
Keyword(s):  
Taiwan Warm Current ◽  
Warm Current ◽  
The North

Symmetric Instability and Ageostrophic Secondary Circulation in the East Korea Warm Current

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongjung Kim ◽  
Young-Tae Son ◽  
SungHyun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Process ◽  
Secondary Circulation ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Overturning Circulation ◽  
Warm Current ◽  
The North ◽  
Frontal Processes ◽  
East Korea Warm Current ◽  
Omega Equations ◽  
Symmetric Instability

<p>Submesoscale dynamics and ocean-atmosphere exchange process in frontal regions play an important role in regulating ocean overturning circulation and cycles of materials (including carbon) and energy, yet our understanding on the dynamics is limited primarily due to lack of relevant observation. To investigate frontal processes such as symmetric instability (SI) and ageostrophic secondary circulation (ASC), multiple comprehensive hydrographic and current observations were made with marine meteorological measurements across a sharp front of the East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) over spring 2017, summer 2017 and fall 2018. Submesoscale features were identified from the observations, estimating diagnostic variables that are the Ertel’s potential vorticity (f<sub>q</sub>), balanced Richardson number angle ( ), and Ekman buoyancy flux (EBF). The results with f<sub>q</sub> < 0 along the front,  corresponding to SI regime, and enhanced EBF along the surface of front support that submesoscale overturning circulation induced by down-front wind is due to the SI and ASC. The ASCs with ageostrophic current estimated using the Omega equations further provide vertical motions in the vicinity of the front. Our results suggest that the western boundary currents like EKWC within the North Pacific marginal sea strongly interact with local wind to impact submesoscale overturning circulation and (re-)distribution of materials via SI and ASC.</p>

scholarly journals Time-series measurements of biochemical and physical properties in the southwestern East/Japan Sea during the spring transition in 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 7831-7878
Author(s):  
Y.-T. Son ◽  
K.-I. Chang ◽  
S.-T. Yoon ◽  
Y.-B. Kim ◽  
T. Rho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Warm Current ◽  
Bloom Period ◽  
Spring Transition ◽  
East Korean Warm Current

Abstract. An ocean buoy, UBIM, deployed during the spring transition from February and May, 2010 reveals for the first time highly-resolved temporal variation of biochemical properties of the upper layer of the Ulleung Basin in the southwestern East/Japan Sea. Meteorological data shows the typical spring transition occurred during the mooring period, weakening of wind speed, increase in shortwave radiation, and change in total heat flux from net cooling to net heating. Power spectrum of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) peaks at semidiurnal tidal, near-inertial, diurnal, and subtidal frequencies. The diurnal variation of CF is characterized by high CF during the daytime and low CF at night. Dissolved oxygen and CF are correlated with high (low) dissolved oxygen accompanied by high (low) CF, indicating the dissolved oxygen is mainly determined by biological activities. The time series measurement captured the onset of subsurface spring bloom at 30 m, and collocated temperature and current data gives an insight into a mechanism that triggers the onset of the spring bloom not documented so far. The entire mooring period can be divided into pre-bloom period from the beginning of the mooring to early April, and bloom period afterwards. Mean CF values during the pre-bloom and bloom periods are 0.9 μg L−1 and 1.9 μg L−1, respectively. Mean mixed layer depth (MLD) shoaled from 22 m during the pre-bloom period to 15 m during the bloom period. Despite of the increase in shortwave radiation, average PAR values at 20 m show lower value during the bloom period as compared to that during the pre-bloom period. Low-frequency modulation of MLD ranging from 10 m to 53 m during the entire mooring period is mainly determined by shoaling and deepening of isothermal (isopycnal) depths. Temperature structure in the upper 110 m is characterized by alternating uplifting and lowering of isotherms, which is caused by the placement of the mooring site on the cold (cyclonic) or warm side of the frontal jet, the East Korean Warm Current. The frontal variability is thought to be due to the low-frequency path variatio of the East Korean Warm Current. The occurrence of the spring bloom at 30 m is concomitant with the appearance of colder East Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW) at buoy UBIM that results in the subsurface cooling and the shoaling of isotherms to the shallower depth levels than those occurred during the pre-bloom period. It is suggested that the springtime spreading of the ESIW is one of the important factors that triggers the onset of subsurface spring bloom below the mixed layer. The time lag between the peaks of CF and the occurrence of the shallowest isothermal depths is about several days, which appears to be the timescale for the growth of phytoplankton.

scholarly journals Synoptic fluctuation of the Taiwan Warm Current in winter on the East China Sea shelf

Ocean Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiliang Xuan ◽  
Daji Huang ◽  
Thomas Pohlmann ◽  
Jian Su ◽  
Bernhard Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Model ◽  
Coastal Current ◽  
Gradient Term ◽  
Taiwan Warm Current ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Warm Current ◽  
Geostrophic Balance ◽  
The North ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

Abstract. The seasonal mean and synoptic fluctuation of the wintertime Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) were investigated using a well-validated finite volume community ocean model. The spatial distribution and dynamics of the synoptic fluctuation were highlighted. The seasonal mean of the wintertime TWC has two branches: an inshore branch between the 30 and 100 m isobaths and an offshore branch between the 100 and 200 m isobaths. The Coriolis term is much larger than the inertia term and is almost balanced by the pressure gradient term in both branches, indicating geostrophic balance of the mean current. Two areas with significant fluctuations of the TWC were identified during wintertime. One of the areas is located to the north of Taiwan with velocities varying in the cross-shore direction. These significant cross-shore fluctuations are driven by barotropic pressure gradients associated with the intrusion of the Taiwan Strait Current (TSC). When a strong TSC intrudes to the north of Taiwan, the isobaric slope tilts downward from south to north, leading to a cross-shore current from the coastal area to the offshore area. When the TSC intrusion is weak, the cross-shore current to the north of Taiwan is directed from offshore to inshore. The other area of significant fluctuation is located in the inshore area between the 30 and 100 m isobaths. The fluctuations are generally strong both in the alongshore and cross-shore directions, in particular at the latitudes 26.5 and 28° N. Wind affects the synoptic fluctuation through episodic events. When the northeasterly monsoon prevails, the southwestward Zhe-Min coastal current dominates the inshore area associated with a deepening of the mixed layer. When the winter monsoon is weakened or the southwesterly wind prevails, the northeastward TWC dominates in the inshore area.

scholarly journals Frontal Waves in the East of the Tsugaru Strait Revealed by the High-Frequency Radar Observation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi KANEKO ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Hiroto Abe ◽  
Masahide Wakita ◽  
Ken’ichi Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Baroclinic Instability ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Warm Current ◽  
High Frequency Radar ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Axis ◽  
Tsugaru Strait ◽  
Tsugaru Warm Current

Abstract Surface velocity observations of the eastern part of the Tsugaru Strait made by the high-frequency radar revealed frequent occurrence of frontal waves along the axis of the Tsugaru Warm Current in 2017–2019. The current axis (maximum of the zonal velocity in the meridional direction) disturbed in the north–south direction with period of ~ 13.7 days that is dominant timescale of tide modulation in the strait, in addition to that of ~ 27.3 days. The amplitude of the axis fluctuation increased in the downstream direction, from the eastern neck of the channel (~ 141.0°E) to the outlet of the strait adjacent to the Pacific Ocean (~ 141.5°E). The propagation speed of the disturbance was slower than that due to surface advection especially in the seasons when the stratification was developed, and agreed well with that estimated from the theory based on the two-layer baroclinic instability model except for winter. The north–south modulation of the axis at the outlet of the strait (~ 141.5°E) could cause short-term (from 20 days to 1 month) variations of an anticyclonic gyre of the Tsugaru Warm Current that is developed in the east of the outlet from summer to autumn reported by the previous studies.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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