Patenting Bioinformatic Inventions: Global Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Devarapalli ◽  
Nishad Deshpande ◽  
Rajkumar Hirwani
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Patentable Subject Matter ◽  
Critical Task ◽  
Country Specific

Patenting bioinformatic inventions has become a ride on the rail to the scientists and inventors. Specifically in bioinformatics, drafting an invention in bounds of patentability criteria is one the most critical task for an inventor to protect his invention. As bioinformatics is a budding field of science, patentable subject matter in bioinformatics was not specifically defined by most of the patent offices in the world. In this regard, we have tried to explain patentable subject matter in bioinformatics by classifying bioinformatics into different subject fields. Additionally, we have tried to trace out patentable subject matter for bioinformatic inventions based on country-specific patentability standards and granted bioinformatic patents of US, Europe, India, Canada and Australia.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of cyclical fluctuations on the pork market - global perspective

Management ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Stępień ◽  
Jan Polcyn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
The World ◽  
Pig Meat ◽  
Country Specific

Summary The aim of publication was to recognize the characteristics and morphology of today’s hog cycle. The hypothesis was that known in the economy since the second half of the nineteenth century hog cycle is also a typical phenomenon in the contemporary economy. It is also claimed that cyclical supply changes of pig meat are not synchronized between countries. Fluctuations in production are country-specific and are influenced by local conditions. While in the case of pork prices there is a characteristic broad convergence of cycle between countries. Development of world trade exchange and economic integration of groups of countries lead to uniformity of cyclical changes in prices. The study included the world economy and eight selected countries with the largest share in the global production and/or foreign trade. The time range of empirical analysis (analyzing fluctuations in supply and prices) concerned the period 1991-2012.

scholarly journals Understanding Corporate Criminal Liability from a Global Perspective: Whose Liability is It, After All?

2013 ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Arpita Sharma ◽  
Puja Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability

The jurisprudential foundations of the Criminal Liability of Corporations were laid down much lately in countries like France and India as compared to USA and United Kingdom. This article is a modest attempt on the part of the authors to revisit the subject matter of corporate criminal liability which is often dealt within legal literature as just another offence under the Indian Criminal Justice System. It thoroughly tracks the legislative developments since the origination of the concept in the Romanic Law in 12th-14th century till date, along with the provisions laid down and emergence of the concept in different part of the world. Judicial moods in interpretations to provisions pertaining to corporate criminal liability have been unearthed to show a conservative judiciary giving way to a liberal one, loosening the shackles of power. Laws on the corporate criminal liability need major changes- from amendments in laws to changes in judicial interpretations to changes in victim treatment and approach. This paper attempts to expound the complete subject matter in a thought-through manner to reawaken thinking of an improvised and transformed system of law. A steep rise in the number of crimes committed by the corporations clearly reveals a prima facie malfunctioning of corporate governance which, in return, calls for a much more efficient enforcement of law.

The 1970s

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borstelmann
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Free Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
American Society

This book looks at an iconic decade when the cultural left and economic right came to the fore in American society and the world at large. While many have seen the 1970s as simply a period of failures epitomized by Watergate, inflation, the oil crisis, global unrest, and disillusionment with military efforts in Vietnam, this book creates a new framework for understanding the period and its legacy. It demonstrates how the 1970s increased social inclusiveness and, at the same time, encouraged commitments to the free market and wariness of government. As a result, American culture and much of the rest of the world became more—and less—equal. This book explores how the 1970s forged the contours of contemporary America. Military, political, and economic crises undercut citizens' confidence in government. Free market enthusiasm led to lower taxes, a volunteer army, individual 401(k) retirement plans, free agency in sports, deregulated airlines, and expansions in gambling and pornography. At the same time, the movement for civil rights grew, promoting changes for women, gays, immigrants, and the disabled. And developments were not limited to the United States. Many countries gave up colonial and racial hierarchies to develop a new formal commitment to human rights, while economic deregulation spread to other parts of the world, from Chile and the United Kingdom to China. Placing a tempestuous political culture within a global perspective, this book shows that the decade wrought irrevocable transformations upon American society and the broader world that continue to resonate today.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Preyer
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The study of meaning in language embraces a diverse range of problems and methods. Philosophers think through the relationship between language and the world; linguists document speakers’ knowledge of meaning; psychologists investigate the mechanisms of understanding and production. Up through the early 2000s, these investigations were generally compartmentalized: indeed, researchers often regarded both the subject matter and the methods of other disciplines with skepticism. Since then, however, there has been a sea change in the field, enabling researchers increasingly to synthesize the perspectives of philosophy, linguistics, and psychology and to energize all the fields with rich new intellectual perspectives that facilitate meaningful interchange. One illustration of the trend is the publication of Lepore and Stone’s ...

Dibdin and Jane Austen

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Pritchard-Pink
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Jane Austen ◽  
Musical Performance ◽  
Musical Education ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Female Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Music Collection ◽  
Conduct Book

Jane Austen was one of Dibdin’s greatest admirers and his songs feature prominently in her music collection. Yet the Dibdin songs she owned, with their bawdy comedy, political and social satire, and martial, masculine themes, were far removed from the musical diet prescribed for young ladies of Austen’s rank by conduct writers. Indeed, they were quite different from those advocated by Dibdin himself in his tract on the musical education of young girls, the Musical Mentor (1808), which suggested songs on ‘Constancy’, ‘A Portrait of Innocence’, or ‘Vanity Reproved’ as more suitable subject matter. By highlighting the contrasts between contemporary expectations of female performance and the contents of Austen’s collection, this interlude presents domestic musical performance less as an instrument of control and more as a means by which women could express themselves and participate in the world beyond the bounds of home, family, and conduct-book femininity.

scholarly journals Education and Social Trust in Global Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142199004
Author(s):  
Cary Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The World

A large literature has suggested that education leads to higher trust. In this article, I argue that how education and trust are associated at the individual level may depend on the level of risk and uncertainty of each institutional setting. Trust involves not only individuals’ risk-taking propensity and capability but also their perception of how uncertain or risky the situation they are in. I test this micro–macro interactive approach by analyzing data from the World Values Survey, the European Social Survey, and the World Bank. Results show that the education and trust association can change from positive to negative both cross-nationally and within national contexts over time in response to the social and political stability at the macro level. In stable and low-conflict societies, the association between education and trust is highly positive. However, the association becomes negative in transitional societies where social and political risks are widespread. Supporting the risk-taking and risk awareness mechanisms underpinning the interactive process, I show that education has varying impacts on risk-taking propensity and risk awareness across different institutional contexts.

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