A precautionary approach to genetic modification

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lubbock ◽  
Andrew Coop
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Deliberate Release

Presents a study that discussed the development of a new legal regime for the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) into the European environment, as of January 2002. Information on the Precautionary Principle requirement of the existing regime; Assessment of the possible effect of the Precautionary Principle on decisions about GMO releases; Implications for the expectations of consumers regarding genetically modified products.

scholarly journals GM Foods, Risk, Precaution and the Internal Market: Did Both Sides Win the Day in the recent Judgment of the European Court of Justice?

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
First Case ◽  
European Court ◽  
Simplified Procedure

Almost exactly one year after the famous judgments of the Court of First Instance on the precautionary principle, the European Court of Justice (hereinafter “the Court”) has issued a preliminary ruling further exploring this concept. The ruling arose from a national dispute concerning a temporary ban on novel foods produced from genetically modified organisms (hereinafter “GMOs”). This recent Monsanto judgment is the first case in which the Court has directly invoked the precautionary principle regarding Member States’ power to adopt a provisional prohibition on the marketing of GMO-derived novel foods. Simultaneously, the Court lent an ear to the arguments of Monsanto by declaring the validity of the simplified procedure laid down in the novel foods Regulation 258/97 and based on the contentious concept of substantial equivalence. Thus, it seems to have favoured the free circulation in the Community market of novel foodstuffs notwithstanding the presence of residues of genetically modified (hereinafter “GM”) protein, on the condition that there is no risk to human health.

scholarly journals O PRINCÍPIO DA PRECAUÇÃO COMO CRITÉRIO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA PARA REGULAR A INSERÇÃO DE ORGANISMOS GENETICAMENTE MODIFICADOS - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i2.42972

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Gabriele Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Leonardo Da Rocha de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Deductive Method

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o princípio da precaução como critério utilizado pela Administração Pública para a liberação de organismos geneticamente modificados (OGMs). Para isso, realiza-se um estudo a respeito da importância do princípio da precaução para a realização da proteção ambiental, trazendo-se um enfoque da sua regulação em instrumentos internacionais. A seguir, trabalha-se com os problemas provenientes da incerteza científica e como eles afetam o dever que o Estado tem de evitar danos, incertezas essas que geram dificuldades para a aplicação do princípio da precaução. Esse contexto leva este texto a algumas propostas de soluções para Administração Pública aplicar o princípio da precaução apesar (e em virtude) das incertezas científicas. Permeia o texto, e enfatiza-se ao final, uma aplicação do princípio da precaução na liberação de organismos geneticamente modificados. A abordagem é realizada utilizando-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, levantando-se hipóteses e possibilidades para aplicação prática do princípio da precaução na atuação da Administração Pública. Utiliza-se a técnica de pesquisa de documentação indireta, com a revisão bibliográfica de obras nacionais e estrangeiras, incluindo periódicos e textos normativos. Como resultado, pretende-se que este artigo subsidie o aperfeiçoamento de políticas públicas de proteção ambiental, de forma a evitar que as incertezas científicas gerem danos ambientais e propondo-se maior cautela na inserção dos OGMs no meio ambiente.Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the precautionary principle as a criterion used by public authorities for the release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). For this, we carried out a study about the importance of the precautionary principle for the realization of environmental protection, bringing a focus of its regulation on international rules. Next, we work with problems arising from scientific uncertainty and how they affect the duty that the state has to prevent damage, such uncertainties that generate difficulties for the application of the precautionary principle. This context leads this text to some proposed solutions for Public Administration apply the precautionary principle despite (and because) of scientific uncertainty. During the text, with an emphasis on end, we carry out an application of the precautionary principle in the release of genetically modified organisms. The approach is performed using the hypothetical-deductive method, rising hypotheses and possibilities for practical application of the precautionary principle in the operation of Public Administration. We use the indirect documentation search technique, the literature review of national and foreign works, including periodicals and normative texts. As a result, we intend this article to subsidize the improvement of public policies for environmental protection, in order to prevent the scientific uncertainties, generate environmental damage and proposing greater caution in the insertion of GMOs into the environment.

Organismos Genèticamente Modificados y Riesgos Sanitarios y Medioambientales (Genetically Modified Organisms and Sanitary and Environmental Risks) by Justo Corti Varela. Madrid: Editorial Reus, 2010, 406 pp., € 41.50, Softcover.

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
Marcos A. Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
The Precautionary Principle

Biotechnology is one of the great innovations of our time. While Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) present an advance in food safety and other fields, GMOs also pose risks to human health and biodiversity that are still subject to scientific uncertainty. Given the scientific uncertainty about the risks to people and the environment, the precautionary principle acquires a central role in the debate on these organisms. At the same time, the existence of an adequate regulatory framework that allows the management of those risks becomes critical.

The Release of Genetically Modified Organisms into the Environment: Public Concerns and Regulatory Responses

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-170
Author(s):  
Michael Cardwell
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Environmental Liability ◽  
Public Concerns

Public concern about the health and environmental implications of genetically modified organisms has not been allayed. This concern has been reflected in, for example, consumer choice and the reluctance of juries to convict those protesting against field trials. Two aspects of the response by the Community legislature may be examined: first, increasing recourse to the precautionary principle; and, secondly, the proposed regime to address environmental liability. The adequacy of such measures is, however, to be judged against the background of calls at the highest level for an entrepreneurial Community to participate more fully in the biotechnology revolution.

The Precautionary Principle

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-362
Author(s):  
Nicolas de Sadeleer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

This chapter explains that precaution is the end point of a range of public measures intended to counter ecological damage. It reviews the definitions given to the principle in various legal systems, as well as representative court decisions, in order to set out the problematic elements inherent in this principle. The chapter takes a critical look at the implementation of the precautionary principle (PP) on a sector-by-sector basis (water resources, fisheries, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), electromagnetic fields, climate change, etc.). The various thresholds for application of the precautionary principle in international law, EU law, as well as in several domestic legal orders is considered. The difficulties that characterize the principle are set out and the chapter recommends ways in which these weaknesses might be remedied. The chapter then assesses how the principle might fuel the evolution of environmental law by introducing uncertainty to an unparalleled extent in both decisions and sanctions. It shows that opposing science to precaution is unproductive and proposes practical solutions in the field of risk assessment and management. How the principle could influence the elaboration of regulatory standards, procedural requirements (impact assessment), and civil liability is demonstrated.

The division of powers between the EU and the Member States with regard to deliberate release of GMOs (the new Directive 2001/18)

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Dabrowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Gene Technology ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Member States ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
Deliberate Release ◽  
The Eu

The first directives regulating the use and trade of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were adopted at the Community level in 1990. These acts formed a core of the Community gene technology legal regime and harmonised the authorisation procedures prior to both contained use and deliberate release of genetically modified organisms. Accordingly, no GMO may be placed on the European Union market without obtaining a written consent for it and only after an appropriate environmental risk assessment has been carried out. Under the old Deliberate Release Directive 90/220, 18 GM products were allowed to be placed on the Community market following either the Commission decisions or Member States consent and over 1000 were notified to the Member States authorities for experimental purposes.

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