scholarly journals A maturing industry: Strategic patenting trends, US and academic dominance, and the global biotechnology landscape

1969 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Williams
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
International Patent ◽  
The Future ◽  
Biotechnology Sector ◽  
Strategic Patenting

Patent analytical data has proved itself a key enabler in measuring the commercial focus and activity taking place within highly research and development (R&D) intensive industries such as biotechnology. Marks & Clerk has assessed biotechnology patent application and grant records from a range of international patent office and proprietary databases, with a view to gauging the industry's commitment to R&D and the particular areas of biotechnology that are attracting investment. Using this research, this paper seeks to provide a snapshot as to the current 'state of play' across the biotechnology sector, looking at strategic trends, technological focus and industry dominance. It also seeks to analyse indicators as to the future commercial development of the industry.

5. The Procedure for Obtaining a European Patent

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-138
Author(s):  
Justine Pila ◽  
Paul L.C. Torremans
Keyword(s):  
Patent Application ◽  
European Patent Office ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Patent Cooperation Treaty ◽  
Patent Quality ◽  
European Patent Convention ◽  
International Patent

This chapter considers the procedure for obtaining a European patent directly from the European Patent Office (EPO) and indirectly from a competent patent office of a European Patent Convention (EPC) Contracting State or by international patent application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty 1970. It also considers the result of each procedure, and the focus within the European patent community on reducing the burden on patent applicants and improving patent quality with a view to minimizing the risk of a patent's revocation post-grant.

The Current Art of Underwater Imaging – With a Glimpse of the Past and Vision of the Future

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Kocak ◽  
Frank M. Caimi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Underwater Imaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Imaging Methodology

This State of Technology Report on Underwater Imaging provides a historical synopsis of underwater imaging, discusses current state of the art, and suggests future possibilities for continued advancement of the field. The history presented herein provides information assembled in a manner not found in previous reviews. Present work is grouped according to imaging methodology wherein foremost research and technical innovations of the field are highlighted, with a focus on the past five years. Trends in research and development are also discussed as they relate to emerging underwater imaging techniques and technologies.

Remedies for Breach of Contract: The Future Development of Scots Law in its European and International Context

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector L MacQueen
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
European Contract ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
International Context ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Law Commission

This paper,first presented on 21 October 1995 at ajoint seminar ofthe Scottish Law Commission and the Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh, on the subject of breach of contract, considers the future development of the law in this area, first by considering its history and current state in comparative terms and drawing the conclusion that it is characterised by a mixture of Civilian and Common Law elements; second, by comparing Scots law with the provisions on breach contained in recently published proposals for a harmonised law of contract (the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law prepared by the Lando Commission, and the draft “code”for the United Kingdom prepared on behalf of the English Law Commission by Harvey McGregor in the late 1960s) and in international conventions on the sale of goods. Although Scots law emerges reasonably wellfrom this exercise, there are a number of points to be taken on board in any future reform, as well as some insights into important underlying principles.

Editorial

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
João José Pinto Ferreira ◽  
Anne-Laure Mention ◽  
Marko Torkkeli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Successive Generations

The expansion of human knowledge in all areas is largely the outcome of the activity of academic institutions and the result of their mission to contribute to the cultural, intellectual and economic development of the society, involving education, research and university extension activities. For many years, the academic community has been organizing itself in all different ways to respond to current and future needs, ensuring research integrity and recognition, and building on successive generations of peers to validate and support the launching and development of novel research streams. We owe the current state of research and development of our society to generations of scholars and scientists that have brought all of us here.(...)

Artistic Challenges within Control Societies: Big Data and Democratic Resistance

MedienJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Jagodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Data Archive ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

This paper will first briefly map out the shift from disciplinary to control societies (what I call designer capitalism, the idea of control comes from Gilles Deleuze) in relation to surveillance and mediation of life through screen cultures. The paper then shifts to the issues of digitalization in relation to big data that have the danger of continuing to close off life as zoë, that is life that is creative rather than captured via attention technologies through marketing techniques and surveillance. The last part of this paper then develops the way artists are able to resist the big data archive by turning the data in on itself to offer viewers and participants a glimpse of the current state of manipulating desire and maintaining copy right in order to keep the future closed rather than being potentially open.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

scholarly journals Current State of “Omics” Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beste Turanli ◽  
Esra Yildirim ◽  
Gizem Gulfidan ◽  
Kazim Yalcin Arga ◽  
Raghu Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Postoperative Recurrence ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Screening ◽  
The Future

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths related to late diagnosis, poor survival rates, and high incidence of metastasis. Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the future. Therefore, diagnosis at the early stages of pancreatic cancer for initial diagnosis or postoperative recurrence is a great challenge, as well as predicting prognosis precisely in the context of biomarker discovery. From the personalized medicine perspective, the lack of molecular biomarkers for patient selection confines tailored therapy options, including selecting drugs and their doses or even diet. Currently, there is no standardized pancreatic cancer screening strategy using molecular biomarkers, but CA19-9 is the most well known marker for the detection of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, recent innovations in high-throughput techniques have enabled the discovery of specific biomarkers of cancers using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, and metagenomics. Panels combining CA19-9 with other novel biomarkers from different “omics” levels might represent an ideal strategy for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. The systems biology approach may shed a light on biomarker identification of pancreatic cancer by integrating multi-omics approaches. In this review, we provide background information on the current state of pancreatic cancer biomarkers from multi-omics stages. Furthermore, we conclude this review on how multi-omics data may reveal new biomarkers to be used for personalized medicine in the future.

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