scholarly journals Modification of biochemical and haematological parameters during 90-days subchronic toxicity assessment of Carissa edulis in Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Razack Osseni ◽  
Etienne Adanle ◽  
Marius Adjagba ◽  
Awede Bonaventure ◽  
Tatiana Hountohotegbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity

Effect of carbofuran on quantitative and qualitative alterations in haemolymph of larva of Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
V.S. Salini
Keyword(s):  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Total Haemocyte Count ◽  
Differential Haemocyte Count ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Investigation to evaluate the toxicity of carbofuran pesticides on haematological parameters of third instar larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros L. Indicated alterations in total haemocyte count and differential haemocyte count for toxicity assessment. Various doses of carbofuran (0.05g, 0.010g and 0.015 g) applied on insect through oral route and its impact after 24 hours of its application revealed that various doses of carbofuran exert specific alterations in both total and differential haemocytes of insect haemolymph.

Subchronic toxicity of cerium nitrate by 90-day oral exposure in wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 104474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Xiaoqiao Tang ◽  
Wenxiang Yang ◽  
Jun Fan ◽  
Lijun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cerium Nitrate ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity

Effect of Nanosilica on Haematological Parameters in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Neha ◽  
Munish Batra ◽  
R.S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Haematological Parameters

scholarly journals Safety assessment of Euglena gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 239784731989522
Author(s):  
Jennifer Symonds ◽  
Chonggang Zhang ◽  
Adam Noble ◽  
Claire Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Test Article ◽  
Cell Biomass

A safety assessment of the dried whole cell biomass of Euglena gracilis ATCC 12894 was performed by the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay, an in vitro micronucleus assay, and a 90-day repeat oral toxicity study in Wistar rats. E. gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass has no added excipients and contains 33.8% protein, 28.8% β-glucans, 19.8% fat, 7.1% ash, and 2.8% moisture. The bacterial reverse mutation assay found no evidence of mutagenicity after exposure to E. gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass, with or without metabolic activity, at levels up to 1581 µg/plate, the limit dose for the assay. Similarly, no evidence of genotoxicity was observed in the micronucleus assay, with or without metabolic activation, up to 320 µg/mL, the limit dose for the assay. The subchronic toxicity study was performed with the following test article dose groups: 0 (control), 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg/day, administered to male and female Wistar rats via oral gavage for 90 days. No test article-related mortalities or adverse events were reported during the study. Histopathological examination revealed some vacuolation in the livers of males in the 5000 mg/kg/day group. This finding was considered adaptive, due to the approximately 20% fat content of whole cell biomass, and was therefore test article-related, but not adverse. No such findings were reported in female rats in the study. The results of the subchronic toxicity study describe a no observed adverse effect level of at least 5000 mg/kg/day.

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolaccaceae) in F344 Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2094165
Author(s):  
Hyoung-Yun Han ◽  
Kang-Hyun Han ◽  
Jun-Ho Ahn ◽  
Se-Myo Park ◽  
Soojin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Phytolacca Americana ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
F344 Rats

Phytolacca americana L. is traditionally used in Korea, Japan, and China as a diuretic, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory agent, and also in the treatment of hepatitis B, psoriasis, edema, and rheumatism. In this study, we evaluated the subchronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of P. americana (PAAE) in male and female F344 rats. The rats were orally administered PAAE (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 13 weeks. Mortality rate, body weight, food consumption, and organ weights were measured and assessed. Additionally, ophthalmological, hematological, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Urinalysis and necropsy were also performed. The clinical chemistry values for potassium in the treated female groups (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/ body weight/day) were higher than those in the control. Further, the relative weights of the kidneys in the treated female groups (1000 and 2000 mg/kg/ body weight/day) were higher than those in the control. However, these changes were not consistent in either sex, and no abnormalities were found in the corresponding pathological findings. Thus the results showed no adverse effects in all the parameters assessed. The findings show that after 13 weeks of treatment, the “no-observed-adverse-effect level” of PAAE is 2000 mg/kg body weight in both male and female F344 rats under the experimental conditions applied. Although treatment-related adverse effects were not seen, potassium-level changes in the blood should be examined to establish the safety profile of PAAE after long-term treatment.

Hepatotoxicity and chromosomal abnormalities evaluation due to single and repeated oral exposures of chromium oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 548-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravish Fatima ◽  
Riaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Transmission Electron

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have widespread uses ranging from nanoelectronics to nanotherapeutics. Because of their expanding industrial applications, a better understanding of their toxicity is needed. So far, limited reports are available on chromium oxide NPs (Cr2O3 NPs) toxicity. In this work, Cr2O3 NPs were synthesized and characterized in a sequential manner using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Dose- and time-dependent toxicity assessment of Cr2O3 NPs was carried out in Wistar rats by examining liver function biomarkers, tissue histopathology, micronuclei (MN) formation, and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow along with sperm abnormalities. The results of this study demonstrated typical XRD and FTIR patterns of Cr2O3 NPs with a size of approximately 23.47 nm. Animals exposed to Cr2O3 NPs, exhibited a significant increase in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, and total bilirubin, signifying liver injury. Histopathology data also supported the marked alterations in the liver biochemistry of NPs-exposed animals. Further, an increase in the frequency of MN, CA, and sperm abnormalities suggested Cr2O3 NPs-mediated genotoxicity. It is, therefore, suggested that possible safety issues of Cr2O3 NPs should be addressed promptly with limited future use in occupational settings.

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