scholarly journals Assessment of advanced Kenyan selected wheat lines for resistance to the prevailing stem rust races (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 94-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafula Tenge Beatrice ◽  
Peter Okwiri Ojwang Pascal ◽  
Otaye Daniel ◽  
Njau Peter
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Lines

Assessment of Ethiopian Wheat Lines for Slow Rusting Resistance to Stem Rust of Wheat Caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici

2014 ◽  
Vol 163 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netsanet Hei ◽  
Hussein Ali Shimelis ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Belayneh Admassu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Characterization of Wheat Monogenic Lines with Known Sr Genes and Wheat Lines with Resistance to the Ug99 Race Group for Resistance to Prevalent Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939-1943
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Qiu Jun Lin ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Rong Zhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious fungal diseases in wheat production, seriously threatening the global supply of wheat and endangering food security. The present study was conducted to evaluate wheat monogenic lines with known Sr genes to the most prevalent P. graminis f. sp. tritici races in China. In addition, wheat lines introduced from the International Maize and Wheat improvement Center (CIMMYT) with resistance to the Ug99 race group were also evaluated with the prevalent Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The monogenic lines containing Sr9e, Sr21, Sr26, Sr31, Sr33, Sr35, Sr37, Sr38, Sr47, and SrTt3 were effective against races 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MRGSM, and 34C3MTGQM at both seedling and adult-plant stages. In contrast, monogenic lines containing Sr6, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr13, Sr16, Sr18, Sr19, Sr20, Sr24, Sr28, Sr29, and Sr34 were highly susceptible to these races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. Lines with Sr5, Sr10, Sr13, Sr14, Sr15, Sr17, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr25, Sr27, Sr29, Sr30, Sr32, Sr36, and Sr39 were resistant to one or more of the tested races. Among the 123 CIMMYT lines, 38 (30.9%) showed varying levels of susceptibility to Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The results should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stem rust.

scholarly journals Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States During 1997 and 1998

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. McVey ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
J. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
The West ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Wheat Lines

Wheat stem rust caused negligible yield losses in 1997 and 1998. Overwintering sites were found in central and east-central Louisiana in 1997, and in northwestern Florida, northeastern Louisiana, and central Texas in 1998. Race Pgt-TPMK predominated in 1997 with 69% of 100 isolates with race RCRS next at 11%. In 1998, race RCRS predominated with 55% of 132 isolates, and TPMK occurred at 10%. Race QFCS occurred at 8% in 1997 and 31% in 1998. Races QCCS and QTHJ were found in 1997, and races QFBS, RKMQ, RKQQ, and RCMS were found in 1998. Race QCCJ, virulent to barley with the Rpg1 gene for stem rust resistance, was not found from wheat in 1997 or 1998. No virulence was found to wheat lines with Sr 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was found earlier in 1997 than 1998, but was more widespread in 1998. Race NA27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was the predominant race in the United States in 1997 (79% of 116 isolates) and again in 1998 (79% of 116 isolates). NA16, virulent to Pg-1, -3, and -8, was found in the south (1997 and 1998), and NA5, virulent to Pg-2 and -15, and NA10, virulent to Pg-2, -3, and -15, were found in the west (1997).

scholarly journals Characterization of Ethiopian Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Four Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Races Facilitated by Single-Race Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2359-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekele Hundie ◽  
Bedada Girma ◽  
Zerihun Tadesse ◽  
Erena Edae ◽  
Pablo Olivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Open Access Article

In Ethiopia, breeding rust resistant wheat cultivars is a priority for wheat production. A stem rust epidemic during 2013 to 2014 on previously resistant cultivar Digalu highlighted the need to determine the effectiveness of wheat lines to multiple races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia. During 2014 and 2015, we evaluated a total of 97 bread wheat and 14 durum wheat genotypes against four P. graminis f. sp. tritici races at the seedling stage and in single-race field nurseries. Resistance genes were postulated using molecular marker assays. Bread wheat lines were resistant to race JRCQC, the race most virulent to durum wheat. Lines with stem rust resistance gene Sr24 possessed the most effective resistance to the four races. Only three lines with adult plant resistance possessed resistance effective to the four races comparable with cultivars with Sr24. Although responses of the wheat lines across races were positively correlated, wheat lines were identified that possessed adult plant resistance to race TTKSK but were relatively susceptible to race TKTTF. This study demonstrated the importance of testing wheat lines for response to multiple races of the stem rust pathogen to determine if lines possessed non-race-specific resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Detection of Virulence to Resistance Gene Sr36 Within the TTKS Race Lineage of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jin ◽  
L. J. Szabo ◽  
M. N. Rouse ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
Z. A. Pretorius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
North American ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Immune Resistance ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Wheat Lines

The stem rust resistance gene Sr36 confers a near-immune resistance reaction to many races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and is highly effective against race TTKSK (syn. Ug99), which possesses unusually broad virulence combinations. Because this gene is widely used in United States soft winter wheat germplasm and cultivars, it has been considered to be an important source of resistance to TTKSK. In 2007, moderately susceptible infection responses were observed on wheat lines and cultivars carrying Sr36 in a field screening nursery for stem rust at Njoro, Kenya. We derived 18 single-pustule isolates from stem rust samples collected from the 2007 Njoro nursery. The isolates were evaluated for virulence on 20 North American stem rust differential lines and on wheat lines and cultivars carrying Sr36, Sr31+Sr36, and Sr24+Sr31. Of the 18 isolates, 10 produced infection types 3+ to 4 on line W2691SrTt-1 (monogenic for Sr36) and other lines that carry Sr36 and belonged to a new virulence phenotype that was not detected in previous years. These isolates were identified as race TTTSK. The remaining eight isolates were identified as races TTKSK (five isolates) and TTKST (three isolates), with avirulence and virulence, respectively, to Sr24. Thirteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to examine the genetic relationships among the three races in the TTKS lineage. All isolates in the lineage shared an identical SSR genotype and were clearly different from North American races. In all, 16 wheat cultivars and 60 elite breeding lines, postulated to possess Sr36, were susceptible to race TTTSK. The occurrence of race TTTSK with combined virulence on Sr31 and Sr36 has further broadened the virulence spectrum of the TTKS lineage and rendered an important source of resistance ineffective.

scholarly journals Detection of Virulence to Resistance Gene Sr24 Within Race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jin ◽  
L. J. Szabo ◽  
Z. A. Pretorius ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
R. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
North American ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
The North ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Group B ◽  
Wheat Lines

The stem rust resistance gene Sr24 is effective against most races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including race TTKS (syn. Ug99), and is used widely in commercial wheat cultivars worldwide. In 2006, susceptible infection responses were observed on wheat lines and cultivars carrying Sr24 in a field stem rust screening nursery at Njoro, Kenya. We derived 28 single-pustule isolates from stem rust samples collected from the 2006 Njoro nursery. The isolates were evaluated for virulence on 16 North American stem rust differential lines; on wheat lines carrying Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN; and on a wheat cultivar with a combination of Sr24 and Sr31. All isolates were identified as race TTKS with additional virulence on Sr31 and Sr38. These isolates were divided into two groups: group A (seven isolates and the two control isolates), producing a low infection type, and group B (21 isolates), producing a high infection type on Sr24, respectively. Isolates of group B represented a new variant of race TTKS with virulence to Sr24. Eighteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to examine the genetic relationship between these two groups of isolates in race TTKS and five North American races (MCCF, QCCQ, RCRS, RTHS, and TPMK) that are representative of distinct lineage groups. All isolates of race TTKS shared an identical SSR genotype and were clearly different from North American races. The virulence and SSR data indicated that the new variant of race TTKS with Sr24 virulence likely has arisen via mutation within the TTKS genetic lineage. We propose to revise the North American stem rust nomenclature system by the addition of four genes (Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN) as the fifth set. This revision recognizes the virulence on Sr31 and differentiates isolates within race TTKS into two separate races: TTKSK and TTKST, with avirulence and virulence on Sr24, respectively. The occurrence of race TTKST with combined virulence on Sr24 and Sr31 has substantially increased the vulnerability of wheat to stem rust worldwide.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to wheat stem rust and identification of resistance genes in wheat lines from Heilongjiang province

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10580
Author(s):  
Qiujun Lin ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Xianxin Wu ◽  
Xinyu Ni ◽  
Rongzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
New Germplasm

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, (Pgt) is a devastating disease in wheat production. The disease has been effectively controlled since the 1970s due to the widespread use of the Sr31 resistance gene. However, Sr31 has lost its effectiveness following the emergence and spread of the Ug99 race variants. Therefore, there is an urgent global effort to identify new germplasm resources effective against those races. In this study, the resistance to Pgt of 95 wheat advance lines from Heilongjiang Province was evaluated using three predominant races of Pgt, 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MKGSM, and 34C3MTGQM, in China at the seedling and adult plant stage. The presence of 6 Sr genes (Sr2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr31, and Sr38) was evaluated using linked molecular markers. The results showed that 86 (90.5%) wheat lines had plant stage resistance to all three races. Molecular marker analysis showed that 24 wheat lines likely carried Sr38, 15 wheat lines likely carried Sr2, 11 wheat lines likely carried Sr31, while none of the wheat lines carried Sr24, Sr25, or Sr26. Furthermore, six out of the 95 wheat lines tested carried both Sr2 and Sr38, three contained both Sr31 and Sr38, and two wheat lines contained both Sr2 and Sr31. Wheat lines with known Sr genes may be used as donor parents for further breeding programs to provide resistance to stem rust.

scholarly journals The development of winter wheat lines with several genes for resistance to Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici for use in breeding programs in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Lapochkina ◽  
O. A. Baranova ◽  
N. R. Gainullin ◽  
G. V.  Volkova ◽  
E. V. Gladkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Wheat Lines

The aim of this research is to develop for the Russian Federation Non-Cher nozem Zone competitive prototypes of winter wheat cul tivars with several genes for resistance to stem rust (in clu ding race Ug99) based on new sources of resistance with the use of molecular markers. The individual plants and then lines of winter common wheat with several effective genes for resistance to race Ug99 of stem rust were selected by means of marker assistant selection out of hybrid combinations from the crossing of new donors of resistance to this dangerous disease. The development of initial material was based on the use of new sources of resistance to race Ug99 of stem rust from VIR and “Arsenal” collections. Three accessions of winter wheat (wheat-aegi lops-rye line 119/4-06rw, cv. Donskaya Polukarlikovaya, line GT 96|90 from Bulgaria) and one accession of spring wheat (line 113/00i-4 with genetic material from Aegilops triuncialis), which supplemented and contrasted each other in such economically valuable features as plant height, number of days before heading, resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust, were selected for hybridization and backcrossing. To accelerate the breeding process, resistant genotypes with Sr genes were selected with the use of molecular markers. As a result the lines of winter common wheat with a set of economically valuable features and the presence of two-four genes for resistance to stem rust in homozygote state were created. The spectrum of the stem rust gene combinations in the created lines differs from the gene combinations in the parental accessions involved in the crossing and is associated with the direction of the selections conducted by the marker assisted selection method. We discovered more than 20 different combinations of the Sr2, Sr22, Sr31, Sr32, Sr36, Sr39, Sr40 and Sr47 genes in winter wheat lines. The combination of Sr22 and Sr32 in homozygote state was most often found. The genotypes with a set of economically valuable features approximating or surpassing the standard cultivar of winter wheat Moskov skaya 39 were selected for further testing in breeding nurseries of the Moscow region. The developed initial material is intended for use in selection of winter wheat cultivars resistant to stem rust in different grain-sowing regions of the Russian Federation. This will serve as a barrier for spread of new races of Puccinia graminis and will raise the resistance of selected cultivars to local populations of stem rust.

scholarly journals Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States During 1996

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. McVey ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
J. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Stem rust caused negligible yield losses in 1996 in the United States. Wheat stem rust was first found during the second week of April in a field of soft red winter wheat southwest of Houston, Texas. Race Pgt-TPMK continues to predominate, with 66% of 273 isolates from 100 collections. TPMK represented 76 and 63% of the isolates from wheat in fields and nurseries, respectively. Race QFCS was identified at a frequency of 12 and 29% from farm fields and nurseries, respectively, and 26% overall. Eight other races consisted of 3% or less of the isolates. From barley, race QCCJ, virulent to the Rpg-1 gene for resistance to stem rust, was identified in only 12% of 77 isolates of 27 collections, while TPMK consisted of 64% of the isolates. No virulence was found to wheat lines with genes Sr9b, 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was first found in late April in southern Louisiana and central Texas. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, comprising 91% of 93 isolates from 36 collections. NA-5 and NA-16 were the other two races identified, comprising 4% each.

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