scholarly journals Determinants of intensity of uptake of alternative pest control methods: A case of small- scale tomato farmers in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Wambui Kinuthia Catherine ◽  
Ingasia Ayuya Oscar ◽  
Gisemba Nyaanga Jane
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Pest Control Methods

scholarly journals A documentation of plants used by rural small-scale farmers to control maize pests in the eastern cape province of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 17643-17655
Author(s):  
NL Skenjana ◽  
◽  
AJ Afolayan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Pest Control Methods

Maize(Zea mays L.)small-scale farmers in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa are generally under-resourced, and as a result, their crops are vulnerable to pest attacks. The farmers often cannot afford farming implements and inputs, and tend to improvise with what is freely available in their surroundings. Regarding pests, farmers tend not to follow the conventional use of chemical insecticides and rather use alternative methods of control such as plant-based methods. Plant-based methods that are founded on formulations and plant combinations have been found to be eroding due to lack of documentation. This study sought to document the names of plants used in combinations and formulations and their preparation methods so that they can be further used to set a research agenda specific to affordable pest control methods for the Province. Surveys using the convenience and stratified purposive sampling techniques were conducted in selected rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province in order to investigate the plants, their combinations and formulations used by these farmers to control insect pests of maize. A total of 217 farmers were interviewed. Study protocols adhered to ethical standards set by the EasternCape Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whereas percentages were calculated using Microsoft Excel (2010). Findings revealed that most of the plants used were from familiesSolanaceaeandAsteraceae. The most preferred plant was Chenopodiumambrosioides, a perennial herb from the family Chenopodiceae. Although, several arthropods were mentioned by farmers as pests of maize in their cultivation areas, the predominant targets of formulations and combinations were maize stalk borers. These insects were also cited as most troublesome. The common plant part used in combinations and formulations was the leaves. Thefindingsraisedtheneed for continuous scientific validation and documentation of indigenous pest control methods to bridge the generational gap and increase the range of their use.

Alterations in honey bee gut microorganisms caused byNosemaspp. and pest control methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsiri Diaz ◽  
Ek del-Val ◽  
Ricardo Ayala ◽  
John Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
Pest Control Methods

In vitro test systems supporting the development of improved pest control methods: a case study with chemical mixtures and bivalve biofoulers

Biofouling ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1195-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Silva ◽  
Bruno Nunes ◽  
António JA Nogueira ◽  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Joana L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Chemical Mixtures ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Pest Control Methods

scholarly journals Agricultural pest control programmes, food security and safety

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6582-6592
Author(s):  
SC Eze ◽  
◽  
BC Echezona
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pest Control Methods

Agricultural pest management control strategies are primarily concerned with food security and safety. Popular pest control methods include application of synthetic pesticides, biopesticides (plant extracts), non-chemical pest management and integrated pest management (IPM). The resistance of some of the pests to the chemical pesticides, coupled with potential health hazards on the environment gave birth to a search for botanicals as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Botanicals as biopesticides were, though effective but their shelf lives and specific actions on the target organisms have not been determined. Non-chemical pest control methods involve common cultural practices which include crop rotation, tillage, and varying time of planting or harvesting, trap cropping which appear to be the best in terms of food safety and quality but the ability of this approach to reduce pest population may be minimal. Because no single pest control method can guarantee food security and safety, integrated pest management (IPM) approach appears to hold promise. The IPM is an ecologically based approach that combines all the available pest control methods to manage pest damage by the most economical means, with the fewest possible hazards to life, property and environment. However, this review shows that the impact of integrated pest management in the rural farm communities is low. In an era of growing consumer awareness and sophistication, food quality is being emphasized. Food safety means that the agro-products should be free from pesticide residues:- therefore, aspects of farm management such as sources of seeds and seedlings, pests and weed elimination, pesticide application dates, dates and amount of fertilization, harvesting or post harvest treatments and basic information regarding the individual farmer or marketing agents activities should be certified before consuming agricultural products. Federal governments especially in developing countries are advised to mount regulating Agencies that will be responsible for a number of activities that contribute to food security and safety, water quality and pesticide applicator training as practiced in the United States of America, India and Indonesia. The agencies will ensure that the public is protected from potential health risks posed by pesticide treated foods.

scholarly journals Disruption of insect immunity using analogs of the pleiotropic insect peptide hormone Neb-colloostatin: a nanotech approach for pest control II

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Nowicki ◽  
Mariola Kuczer ◽  
Grzegorz Schroeder ◽  
Elżbieta Czarniewska
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Insect Immunity ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Tissue Selectivity ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Pest Control Methods

AbstractThis work continues our studies on the pleiotropic activity of the insect peptide Neb-colloostatin in insects. In vivo immunological bioassays demonstrated that hemocytotoxic analogs of Neb-colloostatin injected into Tenebrio molitor significantly reduced the number of hemocytes in the hemolymph and impaired phagocytosis, nodulation and phenoloxidase activities in the insects. Among the analogs tested, [Ala1]-,[Val1]-, [Hyp4]- and [Ach4]-colloostatin were particularly potent in disrupting cellular immunity in larvae, pupae and adult insects. This result suggests that the most effective analogs showed increases in the bioactivity period in the hemolymph of insects when compared to Neb-colloostatin. Recently, we demonstrated that it is possible to introduce Neb-colloostatin through the cuticle of an insect into the hemolymph when the peptide is coupled with nanodiamonds. In this study, we showed that [Ala1]-, [Val1]-, [Hyp4]- and [Ach4]-colloostatin, when complexed with nanodiamonds, may also pass through the cuticle into the hemolymph and induce long-term impairments of immunity in T. molitor at all developmental stages. Studies on the tissue selectivity and effectiveness of Neb-colloostatin analogs and efficient methods for their introduction into insects may contribute to the development of eco-friendly pest control methods based on bioactive peptidomimetics.

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