scholarly journals Qualitative traits diversity and eco-geographical distribution in finger millet (Eleusine coracanaGURE subsp. Coracana) landraces from eastern and south eastern Africa: An implication for germplasm collection and conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagnachew Lule
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
South Eastern

scholarly journals La reconstruction de quelques mots pour mortier en domaine Bantou

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Bulkens
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Forest Region

This article proposes reconstructions of words for "mortar" in Bantu languages. Comparative research indicates that a nominal stem of the type *-du - -nu can be reconstructed on a Proto-Bantu level; however, data from related non-narrow Bantu languages seem to indicate greater historical depth. In the eastern Bantu languages, a second nominal stem, O-tode, is reconstructed. It appears to be closely related to the geographical distribution of a cereal in south-eastern Africa. Finally, two other regional stems with less historical depth are reconstructed for the Great Lakes area and the central African forest region, respectively.

scholarly journals Farmers’ knowledge and perception of finger millet blast disease and its control practices in western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton Mbinda ◽  
Agnes Kavoo ◽  
Fredah Maina ◽  
Margaret Odeph ◽  
Cecilia Mweu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Disease Occurrence

Abstract Background Finger millet blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is a serious constrain of finger millet production which is threatening global food security especially to the resource poor smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid regions. The disease adversely affects finger millet production and consumption due to its wide distribution and destruction in all finger millet growing areas of southern Asia and eastern Africa. Here, we present a study that investigated the occurrence, impact, risk factors and farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of finger millet blast in Kenya. Methods We surveyed blast disease occurrence and interviewed farmers in Bungoma and Kisii Counties of Kenya during March–April 2019. Data were analysed using SPSS statistical program. Descriptive analysis was done by calculating means, percentages, frequencies, and standard errors. Comparative statistics, chi-square and t-tests, were used to evaluate differences existing among the farm characteristics and socio-demographics and the knowledge and perceptions of blast disease and its management practices. Results Our results show that blast disease is prevalent in all surveyed areas and adversely affects the productivity of the crop leading to poor yields. The disease occurrence varied from 92 to 98%, and was significantly higher in the major finger millet growing areas compared to the minor ones. Blast occurrence was associated with rainfall, altitude, planting density, intercropping and other farming practices. In all the surveyed regions, farmers had little knowledge about blast disease identification, its detection and spread. Further, the farmers’ awareness of blast disease control was inconsistent with established practices. Conclusions Our results show mitigation of finger millet blast disease should aim at improving farmers’ adoption of best practices through development of acceptable blast-resistant finger millet varieties, use of sustainable disease management practices, fostering linkages and creating new partnerships in the production-supply chain and maintaining a functional seed system. Findings from this study provide essential insights for effective decision making and management of the disease. This is fundamental to sustainable and secure food and income for finger millet growing farmers in Kenya.

scholarly journals Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽  
José F. M. Valls ◽  
Aluana G. Abreu ◽  
Gustavo Heiden ◽  
Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

Identifying ecosystem service hotspots for targeting land degradation neutrality investments in south-eastern Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Willemen ◽  
Neville D. Crossman ◽  
Simone Quatrini ◽  
Benis Egoh ◽  
Felix K. Kalaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
South Eastern

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of the tropical pasture grass Brachiaria humidicola based on microsatellites, cytogenetics, morphological traits, and geographical origin

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 698-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jungmann ◽  
B. B.Z. Vigna ◽  
K. R. Boldrini ◽  
A. C.B. Sousa ◽  
C. B. do Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick. is a warm-season grass commonly used as forage in the tropics. Accessions of this species were collected in eastern Africa and massively introduced into South America in the 1980s. Several of these accessions form a germplasm collection at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation. However, apomixis, ploidy, and limited knowledge of the genetic basis of this germplasm collection have constrained breeding activities. The objectives of this work were to identify genetic variability in the Brazilian B. humidicola germplasm collection using microsatellite markers and to compare the results with information on the following: (1) collection sites of the accessions; (2) reproductive mode and ploidy levels; and (3) genetic diversity revealed by morphological traits. The evaluated germplasm population is highly structured into four major groups. The sole sexual accession did not group with any of the clusters. Genetic dissimilarities did not correlate with either geographic distances or genetic distances inferred from morphological descriptors. Additionally, the genetic structure identified in this collection did not correspond to differences in ploidy level. Alleles exclusive to either sexual or apomictic accessions were identified, suggesting that further evaluation of the association of these loci with apospory should be carried out.

Silene nemrutensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from south-eastern Anatolia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEMAL YILDIZ ◽  
ALİ ÇIRPICI ◽  
MEHMET YAŞAR DADANDI ◽  
MEHMET FIRAT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Original Photographs ◽  
A New Species

A new perennial species, Silene nemrutensis (Silene sect. Spergulifoliae, Caryophyllaceae), is described and illustrated from SE-Anatolia. A macromorphological comparison with the similar species S. arguta is given as well as the ultrastructure of the seeds and pollen grains. Original photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and IUCN conservation status are also provided.

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